A survey of 1,465 Asian physicians found that most reported withholding life-sustaining treatment for patients with little chance of meaningful recovery. Attitudes towards end-of-life care varied widely across countries and regions, influenced by economic, cultural, religious, and legal factors.
A new study reveals that nutrient additions in vitamin waters and energy drinks are often excessive and unnecessary. The research found that most commonly consumed nutrients are already met by young Canadian adults' diets.
The Georgia State University School of Public Health has received a five-year contract to coordinate Youth Mental Health First Aid Training (YMHFA) and other professional development efforts. The program will teach citizens to support adolescents experiencing behavioral health or addiction challenges.
Researchers at Washington State University have found a brain protein called AcPb that helps regulate sleep and speeds up animal recovery from influenza. The study reveals that without this protein, animals develop more severe symptoms of infection and die at higher rates.
Researchers at TSRI have developed a more effective nicotine vaccine by targeting only the left-handed version of nicotine, eliciting four times as many antibodies. The new vaccine has shown promise in animal studies and could lead to treatments for smoking addiction.
A recent NIH report warns of dose-dependent risks of long-term opioid therapy, while an ACP policy paper tackles clinical documentation in electronic health records. These guidelines aim to improve care and documentation practices among healthcare professionals.
A team of scientists has identified the nature of fish's 'sixth sense', which allows them to detect flows of water. The research found that a unique layout of flow sensors on the surface of fish is nearly universal across species, enabling them to retrieve signals about water flow and use this information in different behaviors.
Researchers studied snake and lizard movement through sand, finding the snake's elongated shape and slippery skin reduce friction and increase energy efficiency. The study provides insights into evolutionary pressures on body shape among sand-dwelling animals.
A new pipeline combines multiple gene-finding tools to identify genetic markers for phylogenetic study from limited genomic data. The approach, MAKER2, was used to develop loci useful for phylogenetic study in the flowering plant genus Penstemon.
A hybrid of two malaria mosquito species has been found to be highly resistant to insecticide-treated bed nets, threatening efforts to control malaria in Africa. The discovery highlights the urgent need for new and effective vector control strategies.
Dr. Smylie will focus on improving access to effective treatments for illnesses disproportionately affecting Indigenous peoples, such as diabetes and tuberculosis. Her research prioritizes community partnerships and integrates Indigenous approaches to health and well-being.
Tufts researchers discovered a link between the ubiquitin and calpain pathways, leading to protein degradation and clouding of the lens that causes cataract. The study may provide insights into developing pharmaceutical and dietary approaches to delay cataract onset.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified how a promising drug, amlexanox, improves sugar metabolism by generating a new signal between fat cells and the liver. The findings suggest a new pathway for future treatments for obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
Researchers have discovered that targeting a cell 'survival' protein could help treat some lymphomas, including those cancers with genetic defects that make them resistant to many existing therapies. Removing MCL-1 causes the death and elimination of lymphoma cells that had become resistant to conventional cancer treatments.
A new study estimates that up to two-thirds of never-smoking teens are exposed to secondhand smoke inside and outside their homes, highlighting the need for smoke-free environments. The study, published in Journal of Adolescent Health, analyzed data from over 350,000 teens across 168 countries.
The Helmsley Charitable Trust has awarded over $6.4 million to three nonprofit organizations: Sage Bionetworks, the Hypothes.is Project, and the Mozilla Foundation. The grants will support innovative research infrastructure solutions that promote collaboration, data management, and open science.
A review on Urotensin II has shown its ability to modulate biologic activities in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and central nervous system. The peptide can constrict and dilate blood vessels, making it a promising candidate for treating various cardiovascular diseases.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley have developed a new method to synthesize graphene nanoribbons from pre-designed molecular building blocks, enabling the creation of width-varying nanoribbons with enhanced properties. This breakthrough represents progress towards controllably assembling molecules into desired shapes.
A recent study by Ria Ghai has identified three genetically distinct groups of whipworms, with only one being transmissible between humans and non-human primates. This discovery has significant public health implications and highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect endangered species.
A study of 7,191 fatal accidents involving young drivers in the US found that half were under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. The researchers found no significant substitution effect between alcohol and marijuana use, suggesting increased availability may lead to concurrent use.
Only 2.2% of American physicians have DEA waivers for prescribing buprenorphine-naloxone, a treatment for opioid use disorder, with most practicing in urban counties. This scarcity limits treatment options in rural areas, leaving over 30 million persons without access to this life-saving medication.
Researchers found that sexually reproducing species are healthier and less likely to accumulate deleterious mutations over time. The study used the evening primrose plant as a model, comparing 30 pairs of species with different reproductive methods, revealing strong support for the theory that sex is beneficial for health in plants.
A Johns Hopkins study finds that protein BDNF maintains heart muscle vitality and may link depression to heart disease. The research suggests a possible biochemical explanation for the relationship between mental and physical well-being.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation identified hyaluronon as a critical substance made by the body that protects against premature births from infection. The findings suggest that HA plays a crucial role in epithelial barrier function and offers cervical protection against bacterial infections.
Researchers from RIKEN Brain Science Institute have made significant strides in understanding the mechanism of dynein's movement along microtubules. The study found that specific amino acid residues on the microtubule structure play a crucial role in activating the dynein motor, enabling directional movement and cargo transport.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified sulforaphane's ability to selectively kill cancer cells and alter gene expression in metasticized prostate cancer. The compound may work alongside existing approaches to treat advanced prostate cancer, with potential for therapeutic value.
A new study reveals a vast network of little-understood rivers and streams on Greenland's ice sheet, which could contribute significantly to sea-level rise. The researchers found that the Isortoq River's discharge was 25% less than predicted by climate models.
A new study found that only 39 out of 93 possible behavior change techniques were used in top-ranked fitness apps, with social support and feedback being the most common. The study suggests that users should consider their individual needs when selecting an app to increase physical activity.
A recent study by University of Montana researcher Jared Oyler found that sensor changes have significantly biased temperature observations from the Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) station network. High-elevation minimum temperatures were warming only slightly more than minimum temperatures at lower elevations.
Researchers at CNIO discovered that Notch genes act as tumour suppressors in bladder cancer, clarifying their role and providing clues for understanding their dual function. The study cautions against using therapeutic strategies based on Notch deactivation due to potential increased risk of developing squamous-type tumours.
An international research team identified a critical gene linked to childhood blindness and vision loss. The study reveals that mutations in this gene affect phospholipid metabolism, leading to photoreceptor death and vision impairment.
A study by University of Central Florida social work professor Mary Ann Burg found that cancer survivors often experience unmet needs, including physical problems like sexual dysfunction and anxiety about recurrence. The study analyzed responses from an American Cancer Society survey of 1,514 cancer survivors.
A recent study published in BMC Health Services Research estimates that medical billing paperwork and insurance-related red tape cost the US economy approximately $471 billion in 2012. The researchers suggest that adopting a simplified, single-payer system of financing health care could result in savings of at least $375 billion annually.
A study has identified a new signaling pathway that generates slowly proliferating, chemo-resistant cancer cells. This pathway may offer new avenues for reducing tumor heterogeneity and improving treatment outcomes.
Research found that children with favorable psychosocial experiences had a 14% greater chance of being at normal weight as an adult and improved cardiovascular health outcomes. Early life stages appear to have lasting benefits for heart health, highlighting the importance of investing in child well-being.
A new study reveals that computers can make accurate judgments about personalities better than most people, using digital signals like Facebook Likes. The researchers analyzed data from over 86,000 volunteers and found that computers could predict personality traits with greater accuracy than human judges, except for spouses.
A phase II clinical trial has demonstrated that sunitinib, an FDA-approved drug, provides unprecedented antitumor activity in thymic carcinoma, a rare and aggressive tumor of the thymus gland. The study found that disease control was achieved in over 90% of patients who had failed chemotherapy.
A recent review article suggests that stem cell therapy may be less effective in older patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study proposes strategies to enhance the regenerative properties of autologous stem cells and improve their therapeutic potential.
Researchers have developed a new type of nanowire crystal that combines semiconducting and metallic materials, exhibiting superconducting properties at low temperatures. The breakthrough could play a central role in the development of future electronics, including chips with billions of identical semiconductor-metal nanowire hybrids.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that older diabetes patients often receive aggressive treatment despite questionable benefits. The study suggests a one-size-fits-all approach may be over-treating a substantial proportion of the population, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
A new pilot study found that majority of tweets from an Emergency Medicine Conference accurately reflected the presenter's message, while some misrepresented it and potentially harmed speaker's reputation. The study highlights the need for further assessment on the impact of social media on presentation quality.
A clinical trial conducted by the NIH found that 38 out of 40 volunteers with HCV infections were cured after receiving a combination of three direct-acting oral drugs for six weeks. This short duration therapy may prove relevant for global elimination of hepatitis C, where simple and well-tolerated treatment is required.
A study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia reveals that pediatric trauma nurses are knowledgeable about trauma-informed care, but need more training to address the emotional needs of patients and their families. The survey found that over 90% of nurses recognize the importance of psychosocial support, but few report assessing a chi...
Researchers have made significant advancements in directly functionalizing C-H bonds in natural products by selectively installing new carbon-carbon bonds into complex alkaloids and nitrogen-containing drug molecules. This breakthrough could greatly reduce the time and number of steps needed to create derivatives of natural products.
A recent review of 25 clinical trials with over 47,000 participants found no significant link between statin use and changes in cognition. The study's findings contradict the US Food and Drug Agency's warning about potential cognitive adverse effects of statins.
A research group studied the Alpine long-eared bat's geographical distribution and found five vertebrates with similar distributions, including birds and rodents. These species share similar ecological features, such as using rocks for hiding and open spaces for foraging, and are restricted to mountainous areas due to topography.
A new study finds that kindergartners and first graders with high maintenance temperaments showed less disruptive behavior and more active engagement in the classroom, thanks to a program that recognizes and adapts to individual differences.
A new study reveals that hospital case managers rarely provide patients with quality data on at-home care providers, despite state and federal reports being available online. The researchers found that only a few case managers were aware of these reports, and even fewer shared this information with patients.
A small study found that UK trainee doctors still struggle to recognize and treat anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal allergic reaction. Despite updated guidelines and training, many doctors lack basic knowledge of treating the condition, which causes breathing and circulatory problems.
The study found that disease was the primary culprit, accounting for 26% of mass die-offs, while direct human effects and biotoxicity from algae blooms contributed significantly. The number of mass mortality events has been increasing by about one event per year over 70 years.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) can cause alterations in brain development leading to hyperactivity in zebrafish. The chemicals were shown to increase the number of neurons born too soon, resulting in problems with neural connections and circuits.
A new study by international researchers highlights China's booming economy is exacerbating water stress for poorer regions through virtual water transfers. The efforts only partially alleviate water stress and are likely to be insufficient to offset increased demand due to economic growth.
A recent study by University of Colorado Boulder researchers found that pain processing in the brain involves two separate pathways: one for physical pain and another for cognitive regulation. The latter pathway is involved in emotion and motivation, but also plays a key role in long-term pain and disability.
A new study by Stanford University School of Engineering suggests the social cost of carbon dioxide emissions could be six times higher than previously estimated. The researchers estimated that the actual cost could be $220, which justifies rapid and early mitigation measures to limit global temperature rise.
Researchers at ICFO have discovered a material system that enables highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures, allowing for efficient optical sensing and computing. This breakthrough paves the way for extremely miniaturized optical circuits and devices.
Researchers found that 'normal' metabolizers had better quit rates with varenicline versus the nicotine patch, while slow metabolizers could benefit from the patch. The study suggests tailoring treatment to an individual's nicotine breakdown speed may be a viable strategy to improve quit rates.
Researchers found that endogenous retroviruses, constituting around 5% of human DNA, regulate gene expression and have an important regulatory role in the brain. The study suggests that viruses take a firm hold on cellular machinery over evolution, leading to complex brain functions.
A study of rock sponges found that morphology-based taxonomies do not accurately reflect their genealogical relationships. Molecular genetic investigation combined with fossil analysis reveals that traditional classifications are often incorrect.
A new study from Massachusetts General Hospital has found evidence of neuroinflammation in key brain regions of chronic pain patients. The study, published in the journal Brain, identifies a possible way to measure pain and may lead to new treatment strategies.
A team from Brookhaven National Laboratory and Columbia University has designed materials that can convert more absorbed light energy into useful electricity by producing two electrical charge carriers per unit of light. This approach enables easy manufacturing processes, including 'printing' solar-energy-producing material like ink.
A UCLA study found that environmental messages can significantly reduce energy use, with participants reducing their electricity consumption by an average of 8% after receiving weekly emails highlighting the health and environmental benefits. The most effective message was one that combined both ideas, reminding people that energy redu...
A new study by Michigan State University sociologist Toby Ten Eyck analyzed news coverage of graffiti in US publications, finding most articles linked it to crime and blight. However, some stories highlighted graffiti as an expression of solidarity or social commentary.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology found that carotid artery stenting had a 32% mortality rate among Medicare beneficiaries over a two-year follow-up. The study's findings suggest that the benefits of stenting may be limited for high-risk patients, highlighting the need for further research on real-world outcomes.
Preschoolers who entered Head Start overweight or obese achieved a healthier weight status by kindergarten age compared to comparison groups. The study found that Head Start's high-quality meals, physical activity opportunities, and structure may positively influence children's BMIs.
A new UCLA-led study reveals a vast network of little-understood rivers and streams flowing on top of the Greenland ice sheet, potentially responsible for at least as much sea-level rise as other sources combined. The research found that meltwater from these waterways can flush their entire volume in less than two days, contributing to...
A new study finds that many cancer survivors experience lingering problems affecting their quality of life, including physical issues and anxiety about recurrence. The study suggests that clinicians can develop tailored interventions to address these specific concerns.
A research team developed a new method using DNA metabarcoding to analyze pollen and uncovered the secret life of bees. This technique identified twice as many plant families than microscopic analysis and provided deeper insights into bee foraging behavior.
A significant portion of state and federal prisoners are not receiving treatment for mental health conditions, with 26% reporting a diagnosis compared to 18% in the general population. The lack of access to adequate mental health services can lead to higher recidivism rates after release.
Schistosomiasis, caused by a water-born parasite, affects 200 million globally. A new software, QDREC, helps find an effective treatment by automating the drug-discovery process.
A five-year, $30 million NASA mission will measure atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases in the eastern United States. The study aims to improve detection and quantification of carbon sources and sinks using airborne, satellite, and ground-based observations.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that chronic stress activates a hormone reducing fertility long after stress ends, and blocking this hormone restores female reproductive behavior to normal in rats. The study's findings suggest the potential for a gene therapy approach to help women overcome infertility caused by stress.
The GOES-R satellite will provide enhanced hurricane track and intensity forecasts, increased severe weather warning lead time, and improved solar flare warnings. The new satellite will also offer more frequent images of weather patterns and severe storms, contributing to more accurate and reliable weather forecasts.
A randomized clinical trial compared the safety and effectiveness of combination therapy with rifapentine and isoniazid to treatment only with isoniazid. The study found that combination therapy was as effective in preventing TB in children, with zero cases reported in the combination group compared to three in the isoniazid-only group.
Researchers at National University of Singapore have found new interactions between STAT3 and PRL-3, two molecules involved in acute myeloid leukaemia, which may offer a new therapeutic target. The study suggests that disrupting the STAT3-PRL-3 regulatory loop could lead to an attractive anti-leukaemia therapy.
A novel analytical method enables characterization of epigenetic tags, revealing that the system adapts to the loss of single epigenetic writer and eraser enzymes. The study also finds that biological systems can compensate for the loss of individual functional components by attaching novel acetylation tags at nearby sites.
Researchers developed robotic systems that can teach themselves by watching online cooking videos, allowing them to grasp intricate movements. The breakthrough enables self-learning and interaction with humans, paving the way for smart manufacturing environments and automated daily life tasks.
A University of Tennessee professor is using plantations to examine race relations and history in the US. The study will analyze how Southern plantations are incorporating the history of slavery and how visitors interpret the information.
Researchers recommend increasing documentation of racial disparities in policing and trial outcomes to prevent inequality. They also suggest implementing bias training and promoting institutional diversity to reduce racial biases in legal decision-making.
A study found that nearly 12% of patients receiving aspirin for primary prevention were taking it inappropriately. Inappropriate use was more common among women and younger patients. The study highlights the need for medical providers to consider potential benefits vs. risks when prescribing aspirin therapy.
Researchers at MIT develop an algorithm that allows household robots to recognize four times as many objects as traditional methods, reducing misidentifications. The new approach uses a representative sampling technique, sampling hypotheses across successive images, and evaluating them more efficiently.
Professor Warburton's book, Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, surveys current issues in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The book provides overviews of recent progress in stem cell research, including progenitor cell therapies for organ systems.
A recent survey of parents found that families with higher incomes are more likely to resort to litigation when disagreeing with school officials about their children's education. The study also found links between the strength of parent-school partnerships and greater use of mediation or due process.
Physician self-referrals have increased market share at the expense of non-self-references for services like MRI and CT scans. The practice has allowed doctors to refer patients to clinics where they have a financial stake, raising concerns about the blending of profit and medical care.
Scientists have discovered a link between ancient mollusk fossils and an increase in parasitic trematodes, a type of internal parasite affecting humans and other animals. The study, funded by various grants, suggests that current climate change may be creating conditions for a surge in these parasites.
A study analyzing over 90,000 patient records found that few UK family doctors are treating obesity and overweight patients appropriately. Lifestyle change is the most common weight management plan offered, but progress on weight loss is often not tracked after an intervention has been introduced.
A Penn Medicine study analyzed hospital websites to assess the accuracy of TAVR marketing, finding that nearly all hospitals overstate benefits but underreport risks. The study highlights the need for hospitals to present a balanced view of both the known risks and benefits of the procedure.
Research found geographical differences in life satisfaction and personality traits across London's postal districts. Openness to experience and agreeableness were associated with higher life satisfaction, while extraversion was linked to lower life satisfaction in certain areas.
A new metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization process using an organic-based photocatalyst and light has been developed by researchers at UC Santa Barbara. This process overcomes the use of heavy metal catalysts like copper, which is a major roadblock in applications such as biomedical purposes.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered new gene mutations specific to colon cancers in African Americans, offering hope for targeted treatments. The study found that these distinct molecular differences may hold the key to reducing devastating effects of the disease on this population.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have discovered a material that maintains a rechargeable sulphur cathode, overcoming a primary hurdle to building lithium-sulphur batteries. The breakthrough could lead to electric cars with three times further range and lower costs.
A study found that nearly two-thirds of older adults with complex or very complex health status maintained tight blood sugar control, suggesting potential overtreatment. This vulnerable population is unlikely to benefit from intensive glucose management and may experience harms such as hypoglycemia.
Moffitt researchers found that high activity of cell surface protein EphA2 leads to aggressive behavior in melanoma cells treated with B-Raf inhibitor drugs. Targeting EphA2 may prevent disease progression and improve treatment outcomes for patients.
The LongROAD project tracks 3,000 active drivers aged 65-79 years for 5-10 years to shed light on aging drivers' safety needs. Findings will inform future interventions to maintain independence.
The Women of Color HIV Initiative found that urban women faced more barriers to care, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes were associated with activity limitation among study participants.
A new study published in Pediatrics reveals that pediatricians often fail to detect autism risk during brief checkups, with experts also missing referrals. The study emphasizes the importance of universal screening, formalized screening instruments, and parent involvement to improve early identification and intervention.
A portable ultrasound study found that nearly a quarter of participants had plaques in at least one artery, with added iliofemoral examination increasing identification by 5%. The technology showed promise for detecting subclinical atherosclerosis before symptoms arise, potentially preventing disease through preventive treatment.
Tropical Cyclone Bansi has triggered warnings for Mauritius and is expected to continue intensifying. The storm strengthened from a minimal tropical storm into a major hurricane (Category 3) with maximum sustained winds near 100 knots (115.1 mph/185.2 kph).
A Baylor University study reveals that more than a third of American clergy members are obese, with stress, longer hours, and being underpaid contributing factors. Clergy who take breaks, participate in support groups, or take sabbaticals tend to lower their obesity risk.
Researchers have developed a method to restore Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) production only in peripheral tissues, allowing them to define the role of the drug both inside and outside of the CNS. The treatment effectively cured mice with spinal muscular atrophy, challenging assumptions about the pathology of the disease.
A study published in PNAS found that individuals with prosopagnosia can still recognize human movements, engaging different brain mechanisms. The research team used point-light displays to test patients with brain damage preventing facial recognition, revealing a neural process for comprehending actions independent of the actor.
Rats use simple 'linear summation' to process odor inputs from the environment, with individual neurons responding rapidly to specific smells. This process allows for efficient detection and analysis of odors, despite environmental and respiratory variations.
Researchers identified four promising approaches to prevent intimate partner violence and sexual violence among adolescents, including school-based interventions, psychological support interventions, community-based interventions, and parenting interventions. These strategies show promise in preventing violence in high-income countries...
A 415 million-year-old fish fossil suggests that humans and sharks share more primitive features than previously thought. The ancient creature, named Janusiscus, has a mix of cartilaginous and bony fish-like characteristics, which challenges the current classification of sharks as 'primitive'.
Researchers at TSRI identify an enzyme that produces inflammatory lipid molecules in the brain, which causes a rare neurodegenerative disorder. The team finds a potential treatment approach by targeting this enzyme and discovers a weight-loss drug that can block its activity.