Researchers discovered that blind predatory water beetles express opsin genes, which are usually found in species with eyes. This finding supports non-adaptive evolutionary theory and suggests that these beetles may have evolved through neutral mutations.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified drug candidates targeting biological pathways involved in brain cell destruction in Parkinson's disease. The new compounds selectively inhibit JNK kinases, which play a central role in the disease, and show promise as potential therapeutics.
Astronomers have discovered a star that is 11.2 billion years old and has at least five Earth-size planets, revealing that planetary formation occurred throughout the universe's history. The system, Kepler-444, consists of five planets with sizes between Mercury and Venus, orbiting a smaller star than our sun.
Researchers aim to gauge the effect of space and space travel on interest in STEM subjects among school children. A three-year project will involve gathering views from pupils, teachers, and space scientists to understand what inspires young people to participate in STEM.
The reports analyze consumer and commercial loan products available for financing solar in the US, showing that solar loans can be more affordable than third-party financing. Businesses can benefit from owning a PV system by saving on energy bills, but also assume risks associated with ownership.
A comprehensive review of literature reveals a strong relationship between higher testosterone levels and reduced cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Despite four flawed studies sparking concerns, dozens of studies demonstrate benefits of testosterone therapy in reducing mortality, improving cardiovascular health, and alleviating ...
Four groundbreaking science books that present scientific information in innovative ways to young audiences have earned the 2015 AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize. The winning books include 'Tiny Creatures: The World of Microbes' and 'Mission: Mars', which invite readers to explore their own world or prepare themselves to explore other worlds.
Grand Challenges Canada funds BasicNeeds' award-winning model for mental health treatment in resource-poor countries, enabling access to care for nearly 75% of the world's people with mental illness. The model generates sustainable impact, enabling 86% of people with mental health problems to access treatment and report reduced symptoms.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a novel method to generate transplantable corneal stem cells, which may benefit patients with life-altering forms of blindness. The study shows that these cells can differentiate into corneal cells in the laboratory, offering a promising treatment option.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology discovered that fruit flies can detect antioxidants using olfactory cues, increasing feeding behavior and triggering oviposition. This form of detection is not unique to insects, as humans also perceive pleasant odors from healthy nutrients.
The study found that civilians offer numerous benefits to police departments, including cost savings, specialized skills, and improved community relations. However, it also raises concerns about job security, officer discretion, and operational disruption.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a new pathway to valleytronics by selectively controlling photoexcited electrons/hole pairs in different energy valleys. This technique, based on the use of circularly polarized femtosecond light pulses, enables ultrafast manipulation of valley excitons for quantum information applications.
A targeted magnetic resonance/ultrasound fusion biopsy detected more high-risk prostate cancers and fewer low-risk cancers compared to standard biopsy. The study found that adding standard biopsy to targeted biopsy provided limited benefits in detecting additional high-risk tumors.
Gurpreet Singh receives $500,000 NSF CAREER award to study large-scale production of ultrathin nanosheets, which could lead to improved rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The award also supports educational activities, including summer workshops for high school science teachers and female students.
A satellite study has identified critical water bodies on the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia that support aquatic species survival, with many facing decline due to climate change and human factors.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are twice as likely to be hospitalized for reasons unrelated to reproductive health or injury. The study, which examined health records of over 2,500 women with PCOS, also foun...
Tropical Cyclone Diamondra formed on January 26 and strengthened to 45 knots by January 27, with heavy rainfall detected east of its center. The storm is expected to strengthen further before weakening in cooler waters and encountering strong vertical wind shear.
Researchers found that individuals carrying a single copy of the KLOTHO allele, associated with better cognition and longevity, have larger volumes in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This brain region is vulnerable to atrophy as people age, impacting planning and decision-making abilities.
Researchers identified 32% of parasites found in rats also infecting humans, highlighting the importance of habitat overlap and species relationships. The study developed a new modeling approach to forecast parasitic infections and disease emergence globally.
A study by University of Toronto researchers highlights areas requiring further conservation due to human impact on freshwater resources. The Canadian watershed regions with the most risk from declining biodiversity are prioritized for monitoring and management.
Researchers found that brain activity increases with smoking, but quickly adapts after quitting. Stopping smoking abruptly can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms, which may deter former smokers from continuing their quit journey.
Researchers used iPlant, Stampede and Lonestar supercomputers to identify genes sensitive to cold and drought in the flowering mustard weed Arabidopsis thaliana. This helps understand plant adaptation to climate change and can be applied to improve crops.
New research published in The BMJ finds that financial rewards motivate pregnant women to quit smoking. A study of 612 pregnant smokers showed that those offered shopping vouchers had a 69% quit rate compared to 23% in the control group.
A new human study confirms that oral BPA exposure does not lead to high levels in the blood, contradicting earlier assumptions made by a dog study. The study found that the body inactivates most BPA molecules and eliminates them within 24 hours, with no evidence of accumulation.
A team of researchers used MakerBot's 3D printing technology to create a custom tracheal scaffolding, combining it with living cells to form a functional airway segment. The breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize tracheal repair and replacement procedures.
A study of 198,247 opioid users in England found that they were six times more likely to die prematurely than the general population. The risk of death increased with age, with older users facing a staggering increase in homicide rates.
A Purdue University study found that a combination of low doses of metformin and gene inhibitor BI2536 can successfully halt the growth of late-stage prostate cancer tumors, potentially prolonging patients' lives. The treatment promotes self-destruction of cancer cells and prevents androgen synthesis.
A study of over 1,000 men found that targeted fusion-guided biopsy is more effective in detecting high-risk prostate cancer than standard biopsy. This method combines MRI and ultrasound images to pinpoint suspicious areas and diagnose cancers with greater accuracy.
Patients with a history of smoking have increased risks of cancer relapse, side effects, and death from prostate cancer, according to a study published in BJU International. Smoking negatively affects prostate cancer health outcomes, particularly when treated with radiotherapy.
Researchers found that a protein called FADD picks up a phosphate for a specific amino acid when KRAS is active, and that blocking this process can prevent tumors from forming. A CK1-alpha inhibitor is currently being developed as a potential treatment for lung cancer caused by KRAS mutations.
Research reveals that psychopathic violent offenders have abnormalities in brain regions related to learning from punishment, leading them to prioritize rewards over consequences. The findings suggest that punishment may not be an effective deterrent for these individuals, highlighting the need for alternative interventions.
Researchers discovered that specialised immune cells called regulatory T cells played a key role in controlling inflammation in fat tissue and maintaining insulin sensitivity. Treating fat tissues with IL-33 restored normal Treg cell levels, reducing inflammation and decreasing blood glucose levels.
Biochemists elucidate protein complex structure in the respiratory chain, a crucial process for cellular energy production. The study reveals how complex I switches between active and inactive forms, shedding light on its role in disease, including Parkinson's and myocardial infarction.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that androgen receptor activates different genes when bound to antiandrogens, suggesting new targets for prostate cancer treatment. Antiandrogen response elements were discovered, which activate oncogenes relevant to tumor progression.
A survey of 364 medical journalists found that direct contact with physicians is the most reliable source of information for creating accurate cancer news. Medical journalists also rely on social media and personal connections to support their research, highlighting the need for responsible healthcare reporting.
A new study has found that oil interests are a primary motivator for third-party countries to intervene in civil wars, challenging common conspiracy theory explanations. The research analyzed data from over 69 countries and revealed that countries with significant oil reserves were more likely to be targeted by foreign intervention.
The Global Conference on Inland Fisheries emphasizes the significant role of freshwater fish in global development, food security, and ecosystem health. Experts urge policymakers to prioritize inland fisheries, which provide vital protein, micronutrients, and economic benefits for millions worldwide.
Researchers found evidence of regional drought between 500 and 1150 AD in Mexico, contributing to the abandonment of Cantona, a large fortified city with a population of 90,000 inhabitants. The study suggests that climate change played a role in the site's history, highlighting the interplay of environmental and political factors.
A pulmonary rehabilitation programme will be assessed and implemented in Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia to improve treatment and quality of life for patients with chronic lung disease. The study aims to reduce the burden on local communities and economies by developing an effective and inclusive programme.
A survey of female meningioma survivors aged 25-44 found they were more likely to want and intend to have a child than the general population, driven by concerns over recurrent meningioma and treatment needs. Physicians' advice on risk factors also influenced their decisions.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered a novel mechanism driving the evolution of green-to-red photoconvertible phenotype in green fluorescent proteins. The study reveals that hinge migration, driven by long-range dynamic motions, can lead to the acquisition of red fluorescence.
Sexual offending treatment programs in prisons and hospitals have been shown to be ineffective in reducing recidivism rates, with most offenders releasing back into society posing the same level of risk as before treatment. Experts argue that only proven treatments should be used to rehabilitate offenders effectively.
Researchers studied the 'garden centre spider' to understand how it spins ultra-fine filaments. The spider uses electrically charged threads to create 'catching wool', which is made of thousands of nano-scale filaments that are combed out and charged.
Defects in extrusion, a process that helps cells die when overcrowded, may be a common hallmark of invasive tumor types. FAK inhibitors rescued cell death rates to normal and eliminated large cell masses.
A new study found that frequent consumption of sugary drinks is associated with an earlier onset of menstruation in girls. The researchers followed 5583 girls aged 9-14 years and found that those who drank more than 1.5 servings of sugary drinks per day had their first period 2.7 months earlier.
A study of 212 bariatric surgery candidates found that 77.8% used the Internet to seek information about surgical procedures and patient experiences, while 92.6% trusted online advice before making a decision.
A new survey by Henry Ford Hospital found that brain surgery for hard-to-treat epilepsy can sustain beneficial effects for up to 15 years. The study showed a significant increase in patients' ability to drive and an improvement in antidepressant use, with most patients considering their surgery worthwhile.
Research suggests mothers speak slightly less clearly to infants than adults, contradicting the widespread view of hyperarticulation. This finding may explain why babies excel at learning their language's distinct sounds despite less clear input.
Researchers found that low sodium levels in patients with high Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores of 12 or more increased liver transplant survival benefits. Patients with hyponatremia had a greater survival benefit compared to those with normal sodium levels.
The Blizzard of 2015 was captured by NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite, revealing the storm near peak intensity over New York through Boston Metropolitan areas. The satellite also showed the clouds associated with the nor'easter blanketing New England.
A survey of nearly 1,600 individuals found that the majority were willing to donate tissue samples and medical information to a biobank. The researchers suggest that an adequate approach for dealing with donors' moral concerns may lie between blanket consent and specific consent.
A new MIT study analyzes residency compensation using demand analysis, finding residents accept lower wages for experience and prestige. The study suggests salaries may remain low unless residency programs increase the number of positions available.
Researchers at University of Illinois have demonstrated Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency (BSIT), a phenomenon that can slow down, speed up, and block light in optical waveguides. BSIT uses sound waves to eliminate opacity and create a non-reciprocal behavior, enabling the creation of isolators and circulators.
A study found that both intentional and unintentional weight loss increase fracture risk, particularly hip fractures, contradicting the long-held belief that weight gain protects against fractures. Weight loss was also associated with a 65% increase in hip fractures.
Scientists developed a method to induce human hair growth using pluripotent stem cells, providing an unlimited source of cells for transplantation and improving upon existing methods. The research team successfully coaxed human pluripotent stem cells to become dermal papilla cells, which regulate hair-follicle formation and growth cycle.
Scientists at the University of York found that phenytoin reduces tumour growth and cell proliferation in breast cancer models. The study suggests repurposing antiepileptic drugs as a novel therapy for cancer, worthy of further investigation.
Scientists at Vienna University of Technology have developed a way to compress intense laser pulses by a factor of 20 using a cleverly designed hollow fibre. This tabletop technology makes creating short infrared pulses much simpler and cheaper than previously used setups.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that the brain can regulate fat metabolism, potentially stopping the development of atherosclerosis and its associated risks. The researchers discovered that the brain uses the presence of fatty acids to trigger the liver to reduce its own lipid production.
Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, have found that CDK6 is essential for activating leukemic stem cells, which causes leukemia. Inhibiting CDK6 may prevent relapse, while leaving healthy stem cells unaffected.
A recent study published in PLOS Genetics reveals that lysosomal dysfunction may be the underlying cause of infant failure to thrive. This condition occurs when infants are unable to absorb essential nutrients, leading to delayed growth and weight gain issues.
Researchers used fMRI to show that autistic individuals have significantly different brain activity related to emotion regulation compared to non-autistic individuals. The study suggests that improving prefrontal cortex activity could help autistic people regulate their emotions and reduce severe symptoms.
A new study published in Neurology found that low-frequency deep brain stimulation at 60Hz significantly improves swallowing dysfunction and freezing of gait in Parkinson's patients. This treatment is more effective than standard high-frequency DBS at alleviating these symptoms, which can lead to disability and mortality.
A Concordia University study found that individuals from collectivist societies generate fewer ideas but with higher quality, while those from individualistic countries produce more ideas but with lower quality. The study suggests that understanding cultural differences is crucial for maximizing productivity in international teams.
Researchers develop a technique to label and track new DNA pieces, revealing hotspots for genetic flaws. These sites are crucial regulatory switches that can lead to genetic diseases or cancer.
Researchers from UAlberta found that nighttime leg cramps peak in summer and burden doubles in the season. The study suggests that patients can stop taking quinine during colder months when symptoms worsen.
Researchers found that Rapa Nui communities were abandoned due to environmental constraints, with nutrient-rich areas maintaining viable populations despite external threats.
A novel radioguided surgery technique using Y-90 DOTATOC can effectively identify residual cancer cells during brain tumor surgery, reducing healthy tissue removal. The study's findings suggest the potential for improved resection margins and enhanced patient outcomes.
Scientists have discovered distinctive sounds associated with iceberg births, which can help detect different types of glacial loss. Underground water reserves in Hawaii's high country could be a source of geothermal energy. Researchers on Mars have found 'knobby terrain' that suggests explosive past volcanic eruptions.
Scientists have discovered a way to control friction on ionic surfaces at the nanoscale by applying electrical stimulation and ambient water vapor. This new method allows for both increasing and decreasing friction, offering significant technological implications for energy research and device applications.
A new study reveals that climate change is weakening the natural barrier separating marine biotas of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, promoting the interchange of fishes between the two oceans. This will lead to a tremendous increase in fish biodiversity in coastal areas around Greenland and Svalbard.
A new project called Spark aims to develop a first-in-class drug targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. The project has received a 500,000 euro grant and is led by biotech Iproteos, with partners including Ascil-Biopharm, IRB Barcelona, and the University of the Basque Country.
The SciNet search engine outperforms current ones by displaying keywords related to user searches in a topic radar, enabling faster and more diverse search results. This technology helps people find information more efficiently, even when they're unsure of their search query.
Mothers who support their children's autonomy tend to be viewed more positively by their children, according to a study of over 2,000 mothers and their children. Mothers' controlling behaviors predicted the extent to which children viewed their mothers positively or negatively when they were in fifth grade.
A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics identified salivary biomarkers that can accurately predict oral feeding readiness in preterm newborns. The researchers found that a combination of gene amplification techniques and advanced computational analysis tools can identify specific genes associated with oral feeding success.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that adding carbon nanoballs to insulation plastic can increase the voltage by up to 26%, resulting in a 26% efficiency gain in electric power transmission. This could lead to more efficient power grids and sustainable energy systems.
Researchers have found that ghrelin increases sexual activity and motivation in mice, suggesting a possible role for the hormone in regulating human sexuality. Further research is needed to understand the effects of ghrelin on humans, but ghrelin inhibitors may hold promise as new treatments for sex addiction.
Researchers found that future carbon accumulation rates are highly sensitive to land use changes, with afforestation and deforestation impacting rates. Forests in the region are relatively resilient to natural disturbances, but aging forests and land use transitions can slow down accumulation.
A team at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München shows that temperature gradients in pore systems promote cyclical replication and emergence of nucleic acids. The researchers demonstrate a setting where pore systems on the seafloor, heated by volcanic activity, can serve as reaction chambers for RNA synthesis.
Fossilized remains of ancient snakes dating back 140-167 million years old have been discovered, revealing a complex evolutionary history and challenging current understanding of snake origins. The study suggests that the evolution of characteristic snake features occurred earlier than previously thought.
An international team of astronomers has discovered a Sun-like star with orbiting Earth-sized planets dating back to the dawn of the Galaxy. The discovery, Kepler-444, hosts five small planets smaller than Mercury and Venus.
Renewable electricity in the US grew to nearly 15% of total installed capacity and 13% of total electricity generation in 2013. Solar electricity was the fastest growing technology, with a 66% increase in cumulative installed capacity from the previous year.
The global AIDS community must adopt more specific and focused approaches to meet the 90-90-90 targets, which aim to eliminate AIDS by 2020. This involves identifying at-risk subpopulations, tailoring prevention tools to each population's risk profile, and developing innovative solutions.
A study comparing citizenship programs in four European nations found that multiculturalism policies are still in place and being expanded to support ethnic minority integration. Researchers argue that the term 'multiculturalism' is being used less frequently with a positive connotation, but actual policies have not been repealed.
Brian Gregg, a scientist at NREL, has been recognized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for his work on organic solar photoconversion and excitonic solar cells. His research has led to new technologies such as photoelectrochromic windows that can automatically adjust to light levels.
A team of scientists has discovered potent natural compounds in plants that can counteract the action of juvenile hormone in insects, making them effective against mosquitoes and other pests. The newly identified compounds could lead to the development of a new class of safe and effective pesticides.
Case Western Reserve University researchers aim to reduce false negative results in Ebola diagnosis by developing a positive control using plant virus nanoparticles. The goal is to create a reliable test for early detection and monitoring of the virus.
The University of Louisville is conducting a study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an investigational device called Zephyr Endobronchial Valve (EBV) for treating emphysema symptoms. The EBV blocks off diseased lung sections, allowing healthier parts to expand.
A new LA BioMed study found that platelet transfusions and DDAVP are not effective in preventing further bleeding or death in patients with traumatic brain injuries. The researchers analyzed data from 408 patients and found no significant differences in mortality or hemorrhage progression between those who received the treatments and t...
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can efficiently transport charge-neutral oligonucleotide analogs into cells, enabling them to retain biological activity. This breakthrough delivery approach has the potential to treat various therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new battery technology using a Kevlar membrane to prevent lithium-ion fires and enhance safety. The membrane, made with nanofibers extracted from Kevlar, stifles the growth of metal tendrils that can become unwanted pathways for electrical current.
Researchers have successfully powered micromotors with stomach acid in a living animal, demonstrating their potential for targeted drug delivery and diagnosis of hard-to-reach tumors. The motors achieved remarkable penetration and retention rates, outperforming traditional oral delivery methods.
A study found that canine distemper in lions is no longer primarily spread by domestic dogs but rather by multiple wild carnivore species. The virus can jump between species in natural ecosystems, threatening vulnerable populations.
A team of UNC genetics researchers discovered how two genes interact to trigger cancer and spur its development. The research found that ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations led to the overproduction of Interleukin-6, a cytokine crucial for cell signaling that triggers inflammation.
A study found that only 54% of nursing home employees received an influenza vaccination, despite the high susceptibility of elderly residents to the virus. Inaccurate beliefs about vaccination and influenza among staff also contributed to low vaccination rates.