Research found that teens who misperceive their weight have a 40% greater risk of becoming obese as adults. This association was strongest for boys, with an 89% increased risk of later obesity compared to those who perceived themselves accurately.
A new study reviews fossils from the Weng'an biota, revealing evidence of cellular, tissue, and reproductive differentiation in ancient red algae and animal embryos. The findings support the evolutionary transition into complex multicellularity and shed light on the early evolution of eukaryotic multicellularity.
The Mayo Clinic has established a new program dedicated to finding answers and treatments for Lewy body dementia, a deadly disease causing progressive decline in mental and physical abilities. The program builds on previous research discoveries, including a genetic risk factor and severe sleep disorder linked to the disease.
A study led by the University of Colorado Denver found that cities using bike-to-work days can capture a wide range of bicyclists and gather insights into barriers to increasing their commuting. The study suggests that cities should use these events to understand participants' motivations and identify obstacles, such as safety concerns...
Moffitt researchers identify a key protein pathway involved in the spread of lung cancer, including beta-arrestin-1 and E2F1. Blocking this pathway may offer new therapeutic strategies to combat lung cancer metastasis.
A new study at St. Michael's Hospital emphasizes the importance of strong teamwork and communication skills for clinicians in emergency departments. Strategies include introducing staff, speaking with nurses before assessment, sharing learning opportunities, and being clear and concise in communication.
A report in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that breast reduction surgery achieves good aesthetic outcomes in bodybuilders with gynecomastia. Most patients are extremely satisfied with their surgical results and have no recurrent gynecomastia issues.
A study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that some health insurers are using drug coverage decisions to discourage people with HIV from selecting their plans, resulting in higher costs for those enrolled in these plans. This practice could undermine a central feature of the Affordable Care Act.
Scientists have discovered a way to produce both biodiesel and jet fuel from a single type of algae, utilizing its unique fatty acid compounds. The breakthrough could hold potential for commercialization, but further research is needed to scale up production.
Researchers have created a new method to observe subsurface structures using ambient ocean waves, offering real-time monitoring of offshore oil and gas fields with less disruption to marine life. This technique reduces costs and environmental concerns associated with traditional seismic surveys.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating elevated blood pressure during pregnancy reduces the risk of stroke without increasing risks for babies. Normalizing blood pressure levels is recommended for pregnant women to minimize harm.
Scientists from Carnegie Institution have made a groundbreaking discovery that resolves the long-standing debate on how metals become less conductive when heated. Their work reveals that the missing piece of the traditional theory explaining this phenomenon was needed to complete the puzzle for generating Earth's magnetic field.
Researchers from Brown University found new evidence of glacier-like ice deposits advancing and retreating multiple times in Mars' midlatitudes, suggesting recent climate cycles. The study suggests that the planet's wobbly rotation around its axis may have driven these ice ages.
Researchers discovered that blind predatory water beetles express opsin genes, which are usually found in species with eyes. This finding supports non-adaptive evolutionary theory and suggests that these beetles may have evolved through neutral mutations.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified drug candidates targeting biological pathways involved in brain cell destruction in Parkinson's disease. The new compounds selectively inhibit JNK kinases, which play a central role in the disease, and show promise as potential therapeutics.
Astronomers have discovered a star that is 11.2 billion years old and has at least five Earth-size planets, revealing that planetary formation occurred throughout the universe's history. The system, Kepler-444, consists of five planets with sizes between Mercury and Venus, orbiting a smaller star than our sun.
Researchers aim to gauge the effect of space and space travel on interest in STEM subjects among school children. A three-year project will involve gathering views from pupils, teachers, and space scientists to understand what inspires young people to participate in STEM.
The reports analyze consumer and commercial loan products available for financing solar in the US, showing that solar loans can be more affordable than third-party financing. Businesses can benefit from owning a PV system by saving on energy bills, but also assume risks associated with ownership.
A comprehensive review of literature reveals a strong relationship between higher testosterone levels and reduced cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Despite four flawed studies sparking concerns, dozens of studies demonstrate benefits of testosterone therapy in reducing mortality, improving cardiovascular health, and alleviating ...
Four groundbreaking science books that present scientific information in innovative ways to young audiences have earned the 2015 AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize. The winning books include 'Tiny Creatures: The World of Microbes' and 'Mission: Mars', which invite readers to explore their own world or prepare themselves to explore other worlds.
Grand Challenges Canada funds BasicNeeds' award-winning model for mental health treatment in resource-poor countries, enabling access to care for nearly 75% of the world's people with mental illness. The model generates sustainable impact, enabling 86% of people with mental health problems to access treatment and report reduced symptoms.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a novel method to generate transplantable corneal stem cells, which may benefit patients with life-altering forms of blindness. The study shows that these cells can differentiate into corneal cells in the laboratory, offering a promising treatment option.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology discovered that fruit flies can detect antioxidants using olfactory cues, increasing feeding behavior and triggering oviposition. This form of detection is not unique to insects, as humans also perceive pleasant odors from healthy nutrients.
The study found that civilians offer numerous benefits to police departments, including cost savings, specialized skills, and improved community relations. However, it also raises concerns about job security, officer discretion, and operational disruption.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a new pathway to valleytronics by selectively controlling photoexcited electrons/hole pairs in different energy valleys. This technique, based on the use of circularly polarized femtosecond light pulses, enables ultrafast manipulation of valley excitons for quantum information applications.
A targeted magnetic resonance/ultrasound fusion biopsy detected more high-risk prostate cancers and fewer low-risk cancers compared to standard biopsy. The study found that adding standard biopsy to targeted biopsy provided limited benefits in detecting additional high-risk tumors.
Gurpreet Singh receives $500,000 NSF CAREER award to study large-scale production of ultrathin nanosheets, which could lead to improved rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The award also supports educational activities, including summer workshops for high school science teachers and female students.
A satellite study has identified critical water bodies on the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia that support aquatic species survival, with many facing decline due to climate change and human factors.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are twice as likely to be hospitalized for reasons unrelated to reproductive health or injury. The study, which examined health records of over 2,500 women with PCOS, also foun...
Tropical Cyclone Diamondra formed on January 26 and strengthened to 45 knots by January 27, with heavy rainfall detected east of its center. The storm is expected to strengthen further before weakening in cooler waters and encountering strong vertical wind shear.
Researchers found that individuals carrying a single copy of the KLOTHO allele, associated with better cognition and longevity, have larger volumes in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This brain region is vulnerable to atrophy as people age, impacting planning and decision-making abilities.
Researchers identified 32% of parasites found in rats also infecting humans, highlighting the importance of habitat overlap and species relationships. The study developed a new modeling approach to forecast parasitic infections and disease emergence globally.
A study by University of Toronto researchers highlights areas requiring further conservation due to human impact on freshwater resources. The Canadian watershed regions with the most risk from declining biodiversity are prioritized for monitoring and management.
Researchers found that brain activity increases with smoking, but quickly adapts after quitting. Stopping smoking abruptly can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms, which may deter former smokers from continuing their quit journey.
Researchers used iPlant, Stampede and Lonestar supercomputers to identify genes sensitive to cold and drought in the flowering mustard weed Arabidopsis thaliana. This helps understand plant adaptation to climate change and can be applied to improve crops.
New research published in The BMJ finds that financial rewards motivate pregnant women to quit smoking. A study of 612 pregnant smokers showed that those offered shopping vouchers had a 69% quit rate compared to 23% in the control group.
A new human study confirms that oral BPA exposure does not lead to high levels in the blood, contradicting earlier assumptions made by a dog study. The study found that the body inactivates most BPA molecules and eliminates them within 24 hours, with no evidence of accumulation.
A team of researchers used MakerBot's 3D printing technology to create a custom tracheal scaffolding, combining it with living cells to form a functional airway segment. The breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize tracheal repair and replacement procedures.
A study of 198,247 opioid users in England found that they were six times more likely to die prematurely than the general population. The risk of death increased with age, with older users facing a staggering increase in homicide rates.
A Purdue University study found that a combination of low doses of metformin and gene inhibitor BI2536 can successfully halt the growth of late-stage prostate cancer tumors, potentially prolonging patients' lives. The treatment promotes self-destruction of cancer cells and prevents androgen synthesis.
A study of over 1,000 men found that targeted fusion-guided biopsy is more effective in detecting high-risk prostate cancer than standard biopsy. This method combines MRI and ultrasound images to pinpoint suspicious areas and diagnose cancers with greater accuracy.
Patients with a history of smoking have increased risks of cancer relapse, side effects, and death from prostate cancer, according to a study published in BJU International. Smoking negatively affects prostate cancer health outcomes, particularly when treated with radiotherapy.
Researchers found that a protein called FADD picks up a phosphate for a specific amino acid when KRAS is active, and that blocking this process can prevent tumors from forming. A CK1-alpha inhibitor is currently being developed as a potential treatment for lung cancer caused by KRAS mutations.
Research reveals that psychopathic violent offenders have abnormalities in brain regions related to learning from punishment, leading them to prioritize rewards over consequences. The findings suggest that punishment may not be an effective deterrent for these individuals, highlighting the need for alternative interventions.
Researchers discovered that specialised immune cells called regulatory T cells played a key role in controlling inflammation in fat tissue and maintaining insulin sensitivity. Treating fat tissues with IL-33 restored normal Treg cell levels, reducing inflammation and decreasing blood glucose levels.
Biochemists elucidate protein complex structure in the respiratory chain, a crucial process for cellular energy production. The study reveals how complex I switches between active and inactive forms, shedding light on its role in disease, including Parkinson's and myocardial infarction.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that androgen receptor activates different genes when bound to antiandrogens, suggesting new targets for prostate cancer treatment. Antiandrogen response elements were discovered, which activate oncogenes relevant to tumor progression.
A survey of 364 medical journalists found that direct contact with physicians is the most reliable source of information for creating accurate cancer news. Medical journalists also rely on social media and personal connections to support their research, highlighting the need for responsible healthcare reporting.
A new study has found that oil interests are a primary motivator for third-party countries to intervene in civil wars, challenging common conspiracy theory explanations. The research analyzed data from over 69 countries and revealed that countries with significant oil reserves were more likely to be targeted by foreign intervention.
The Global Conference on Inland Fisheries emphasizes the significant role of freshwater fish in global development, food security, and ecosystem health. Experts urge policymakers to prioritize inland fisheries, which provide vital protein, micronutrients, and economic benefits for millions worldwide.
Researchers found evidence of regional drought between 500 and 1150 AD in Mexico, contributing to the abandonment of Cantona, a large fortified city with a population of 90,000 inhabitants. The study suggests that climate change played a role in the site's history, highlighting the interplay of environmental and political factors.
A pulmonary rehabilitation programme will be assessed and implemented in Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia to improve treatment and quality of life for patients with chronic lung disease. The study aims to reduce the burden on local communities and economies by developing an effective and inclusive programme.
A survey of female meningioma survivors aged 25-44 found they were more likely to want and intend to have a child than the general population, driven by concerns over recurrent meningioma and treatment needs. Physicians' advice on risk factors also influenced their decisions.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered a novel mechanism driving the evolution of green-to-red photoconvertible phenotype in green fluorescent proteins. The study reveals that hinge migration, driven by long-range dynamic motions, can lead to the acquisition of red fluorescence.
Sexual offending treatment programs in prisons and hospitals have been shown to be ineffective in reducing recidivism rates, with most offenders releasing back into society posing the same level of risk as before treatment. Experts argue that only proven treatments should be used to rehabilitate offenders effectively.
Researchers studied the 'garden centre spider' to understand how it spins ultra-fine filaments. The spider uses electrically charged threads to create 'catching wool', which is made of thousands of nano-scale filaments that are combed out and charged.
Defects in extrusion, a process that helps cells die when overcrowded, may be a common hallmark of invasive tumor types. FAK inhibitors rescued cell death rates to normal and eliminated large cell masses.
A new study found that frequent consumption of sugary drinks is associated with an earlier onset of menstruation in girls. The researchers followed 5583 girls aged 9-14 years and found that those who drank more than 1.5 servings of sugary drinks per day had their first period 2.7 months earlier.
A study of 212 bariatric surgery candidates found that 77.8% used the Internet to seek information about surgical procedures and patient experiences, while 92.6% trusted online advice before making a decision.
A new survey by Henry Ford Hospital found that brain surgery for hard-to-treat epilepsy can sustain beneficial effects for up to 15 years. The study showed a significant increase in patients' ability to drive and an improvement in antidepressant use, with most patients considering their surgery worthwhile.