The DFG is establishing 16 new Research Training Groups to support early career researchers in Germany. The groups will focus on topics such as the mechanisms of aging, cultures of critique, and the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity. Funding for the programs is approximately €72 million over a four-and-a-half-year period.
The article explores ecological innovations for infrastructure in the face of climate change, focusing on harmony rather than control. It highlights the importance of understanding natural systems to create sustainable and resilient cities.
A large study by CHOP PolicyLab found an increased risk of child abuse and neglect among US Army soldier-parents when they return from deployment, especially in the first six months. The risk was highest among families with soldiers deployed twice, with abuse often perpetrated by non-soldier caregivers.
The partnership aims to equip researchers with ethical guidelines for using big data and real-time analytics. The three-day module will provide training on the ethics of big data and data linkage, utilizing IBM's research into big data ethics.
Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients receive varying levels of curative-intent surgery across US states, with disparities seen by race and socioeconomic factors. The study found that Massachusetts had the highest rates of curative surgery, while Wyoming had the lowest rate at 25%.
A new study published in PLOS ONE analyzed over 20 million tweets to gain insights into the psychological characteristics of real-world situations. The research found large gender differences and significant differences between weekdays and weekends.
Researchers have invented a device that provides real-time augmented images under the microscope, allowing surgeons to clearly distinguish cancerous from healthy tissue. This technology can improve surgical accuracy and efficiency in brain cancer and aneurysm patients.
Researchers from the University of Oxford discovered a 170-million-year-old fossil on the Isle of Skye that challenges the existence of three previously recognized species. The find reveals that the three species are actually one, with differences in tooth shape being present in the single lower jaw found on the Isle of Skye.
A new diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease has been developed, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment, especially in early stages. The criteria incorporate motor and non-motor symptoms, genetic factors, and propose a stage classification to focus on early detection.
A team of chemists led by Yan-Yeung Luk has created synthetic disaccharide derivatives (DSDs) that mimic and dominate the functions of rhamnolipid molecules produced by bacteria. The new molecules have been shown to control various activities, including biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion.
Researchers have designed graphene biosensors that can detect low concentrations of molecular substances without labels, improving the reliability of biochemical reactions. The sensors use surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and are expected to revolutionize pharmaceutical biodetection, enabling the testing of small molecules.
The Bigelow Laboratory is part of a $8 million initiative to develop molecular tools for understanding dinoflagellates' function and their impact on ocean ecosystems. The project aims to create genetic tools that will allow researchers to investigate the activities of microbial genes and provide new capabilities for scientific inquiry.
African-American women with a healthier diet, based on the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), were 34% less likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The study found that higher vegetable intake and lower intake of empty calories contributed to the reduced risk.
A new breast cancer risk-prediction model for Hispanic women has been developed using data from the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study. The model incorporates factors such as age at first full-term pregnancy, age at first menstrual period, history of benign breast disease, and family history of breast cancer to estimate risk.
A clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health found that Lucentis is highly effective in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy, improving vision by about half a line on an eye chart compared to laser therapy. The study also showed lower rates of complications such as vitrectomy and serious systemic adverse events.
Researchers from University of Nottingham uncover cyclin's crucial role in malaria parasite development within mosquitoes and mammal hosts. The study identifies three types of cyclin, shedding light on the disease's complex life cycle.
Archaeologists have discovered evidence of beeswax use dating back to the Neolithic period in Anatolia, with finds spanning from 7000 to 4900 BCE. The study reveals that beeswax was used for various purposes, including tools, rituals, cosmetics, and medicine.
A 36-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) becomes unintentionally pregnant and seeks a treatment approach that balances cancer remission and healthy delivery. Through her successful experience, doctors and patients gain insight into the complexities of managing CLL during pregnancy.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have created the first ever weather map of a planet outside our solar system, revealing wind speeds of over 2km per second. The winds on exoplanet HD 189733b are 20 times faster than the fastest recorded on Earth.
A study found that fossilized bees from 50 million years ago were finicky about the pollen they fed their larvae, always collecting it from the same plants. The bees also ate a wide variety of things on their own flights, showing they didn't waste time searching for specific food sources.
A combination of lenalidomide and rituximab produced a durable response in mantle cell lymphoma patients, with an overall response rate of 92%. The treatment maintained an anti-tumor response for up to three years.
A new study supports the Lilliput effect, where mass extinctions lead to temporary size reductions in species. Smaller vertebrates with higher reproductive rates and shorter lifespans were more resilient to extinction events, while large vertebrates struggled to adapt.
Cyclone Chapala brought over a year's worth of rain to south-central Yemen, while Cyclone Megh made landfall with much lighter rainfall totals. Despite weaker winds, Megh caused more damage and fatalities on Socatra.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials found that consuming tree nuts lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and inflammation. Nuts were shown to be particularly beneficial for lowering cardiovascular disease risk in populations with type-2 diabetes.
A new study found that financial incentives significantly increase engagement with stop-smoking services and improve quitting rates among pregnant smokers. The report's findings support the use of these incentives as a sound investment in public health, particularly in high-income countries.
A new study by Oregon State University reveals that rural residents aged 85 or older have higher levels of chronic disease, take more medications, and die earlier than their urban counterparts. The research highlights the challenges faced by older populations in rural areas due to limited access to healthcare services.
A study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that feeding at-risk infants gluten until two years of age increases the risk of developing celiac disease. The research suggests that early gluten intake plays a role in disease course, particularly in children with genetic risk factors for celiac disease.
A computer simulation study suggests that treating malaria with a combination of more effective and less effective drugs can slow the spread of drug-resistant parasites. The non-artemisinin therapy, even when only 85% effective, works best in this approach.
A new study found that lead exposure in early childhood is associated with an increased risk of sleep problems and excessive daytime sleepiness in later childhood. The research, published in the December issue of SLEEP, investigated the impact of lead exposure on children's sleep patterns over six years.
A new study by Cornell biomedical engineers introduces specialized natural killer cells that target cancerous tumor cells in lymph nodes, eliminating metastases. The 'super natural killer cells' use liposomes armed with TRAIL to induce apoptosis and prevent lymphatic spread of cancer.
The authors' book has made algebraic geometry accessible to a broad audience, including students and researchers in many fields. The book's impact has been significant, introducing the topic to new audiences and broadening its teaching applications.
Researchers discovered that the TCF7L2 gene variant impairs glucose balance by suppressing glucagon, raising blood sugar levels. This finding sheds light on the novel mechanism of predisposition to diabetes and may lead to new therapies.
Researchers at RMIT University have successfully created photon pairs that fit on a tiny computer chip, enabling ultra-secure telecommunications. This breakthrough paves the way for the development of scalable integrated devices that exploit mixing of polarization on a single photon level.
Researchers have developed a new method to genetically correct stem cells in just two weeks, compared to conventional approaches that take over three months. This breakthrough could make personalized stem cell therapies possible for patients with genetic disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency and retinal degeneration.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London found that standard psychiatric assessments are poor at identifying future violent behavior, but a new causal approach based on risk factors with clear links to violence yields better results. The study suggests that targeting these underlying factors is key to preventing violence.
Researchers developed a new method to detect, classify, and pinpoint cancer location using blood platelet RNA analysis, achieving 96% accuracy. The study identified nearly all cancer types and showed immense potential for improving early cancer detection.
Researchers discovered connexin protein's ability to suppress cancer growth by tethering itself to cell-proliferating molecules. This finding could lead to new cancer therapies based on connexin molecules.
A new approach to desalination, called shock electrodialysis, uses an electrically driven shockwave to separate salty and fresh water streams, allowing easy separation without filters or boiling. This method can be scaled up for large-scale seawater desalination and may also sterilize contaminated water.
Despite a 44% reduction in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, the world failed to meet the 75% target set by the Millennium Development Goals. Global progress varied significantly across regions, with some countries achieving impressive declines while others struggled with high mortality rates.
Researchers sequenced the entire genome of Oropetium thomaeum, a grass species that can regrow after drought. The study provides insights into its drought tolerance mechanisms and could lead to improved crop yields in water-scarce conditions.
A study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience found significant increases in functional connectivity in localized brain networks when subjects viewed art they considered aesthetically pleasing. The research team collected data from over 400 people, including men and women of different ages, using EEG headsets.
A liver pathway controlled by BAF60a stimulates the production of bile, leading to increased cholesterol absorption. Mice with disabled BAF60a had lower cholesterol levels, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for reducing atherosclerosis.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a process to track the movement of lycopene, a cancer-fighting compound found in tomatoes, in the human body. The study used plant biofactories to produce heavier versions of lycopene, which can be easily tracked in the body.
A framework co-developed by Hiroki Sayama and his team can help students understand all types of networks, from social media to beehives. The framework provides seven concepts that characterize any network, allowing students to see common patterns across disciplines.
Recent La Niña years have brought less-than-normal rainfall to Hawai'i, contrary to past trends. The shift in weather patterns has important implications for agriculture and water resource management.
Scientists have detected a monstrous new cloud of frozen compounds in the moon's low- to mid-stratosphere, peaking at an altitude of about 124 miles. This discovery provides insight into the nature and severity of Titan's winter, which is expected to be harsher than its northern counterpart.
A recent study published in Stem Cell Reports suggests that genetic identical twins may exhibit uneven growth as early as the first few days after conception. This phenomenon occurs when two inner cell masses within a single embryo are at different stages of development, leading to unequal growth throughout pregnancy.
Researchers demonstrate entanglement's role in quantum mechanics, ruling out local realism with highly correlated particle measurements. The NIST experiment achieves definitive results, surpassing previous studies' limitations.
A Dartmouth-led study finds that black-throated blue warblers can adjust their breeding time to avoid phenological mismatches caused by climate warming. The birds' flexibility allows them to optimize reproductive success, but this resilience may have limits as warming continues.
Higher levels of urinary potassium excretion were linked with slower declines in kidney function and lower cardiovascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes. A diet rich in potassium may help protect heart and kidney health, according to the study.
Biologists from KU Leuven discovered that nematode eggs can hatch without egg yolk, defying the rule that no yolk means no offspring. The finding opens new avenues for deworming products without side effects on humans.
Analysis of Baffin Island lava flows provides new insights into Earth's water origins, suggesting water-soaked dust grains present early in the solar system may be the source. The study found lower deuterium levels than previous studies, providing a potential baseline for Earth's original water signature.
Zachariæ Isstrøm's acceleration increased by a factor of three in 2012 due to rising air and ocean temperatures. The glacier's floating shelf shrank by 95% between 2002 and 2014, posing significant sea level rise concerns.
A team of appraisers found that home buyers pay a premium for solar homes in six US states, with the average premium being $15,000. The study confirmed earlier research by Berkeley Lab and recommends considering individual market characteristics when valuing solar systems.
Researchers found that a bitter taste receptor and genetic variations can predict surgical outcomes in certain CRS patients. Patients with the sensitive PAV variant tend to have better post-surgical improvement and may benefit from more aggressive approaches.
Extra-Tropical Storm Kate rapidly intensified off the US East Coast, producing hurricane-force winds before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone. As it moves northeast, Kate's winds are expected to weaken over the next few days, eventually being absorbed by another low-pressure system.
A new study explores how anxiety can aggravate asthma, revealing that individuals with anxiety sensitivity experience greater asthma symptoms and decreased lung function. The researchers recommend interventions such as exposure therapy to reduce anxiety sensitivity and alleviate asthma symptoms.
A new study funded by The Ben & Catherine Ivy Foundation has identified propentofylline as a potential drug that could help treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a deadly brain tumor. The research found that PPF can limit the spread of GBM and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a crucial enzyme in maintaining telomere length. The discovery was made using a novel method called ADDIT, which found that ATM kinase plays a vital role in lengthening telomeres.
A team of researchers discovered a molecular mechanism responsible for familial amyloidosis and other life-threatening diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. They found that specific mutations can alter the protein's structure, leading to abnormal clumping and organ damage.