Researchers discovered that backswimmers can extract oxygen from the surrounding water using their air bubbles, extending dives by up to 20%. The insects adjust the buoyancy of their bubble by replacing nitrogen with gases like helium and sulphur hexafluoride.
Researchers have successfully used microbe S. islandicus to construct nano-capsules that can transport drugs safely through the stomach, offering a potential solution for oral drug delivery. The liposomes, made from cell membrane molecules of S. islandicus, survived in acidic environments, retaining their content and showing promise fo...
A new study suggests that perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations may enhance emotional sensitivity to psychosocial stress, leading to the development of a depressed mood. Women are at greater risk of depression than men, with rates doubling or tripling during the menopausal transition.
A study of over 2,200 obese patients found that bariatric surgery leads to significant improvements in bodily pain, physical function, and walking speed. However, patient age, income level, depressive symptoms, and pre-existing medical conditions can affect the likelihood of improvement.
A team studied the proteins and genes that allow squirrels' hearts to stay healthy during winter hibernation, a phenomenon that could help researchers develop better treatments for people with cardiac disease. The study found dozens of proteins and protein signaling pathways that are expressed differently during hibernation.
A team of researchers has developed a C. elegans worm model with mutations that cause Retinitis pigmentosa, a rare blindness subtype affecting over 1 million people worldwide. The study reveals the disease's specificity in the retina and proposes a new hypothesis based on genomic instability.
Researchers have discovered a single gene regulating salmon age at maturity, which also influences human puberty timing. The VGLL3 gene affects body fat accumulation and balances out sex-specific traits to maintain population stability.
Researchers have developed a graphene-integrated device that detects heat signatures at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. This breakthrough could lead to a more versatile thermal sensor, potentially based on a single layer of graphene, simplifying manufacturing and reducing costs.
A study published in Neurology found that raloxifene, an estrogen-like drug, had no demonstrated benefit on memory and thinking skills for women with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The results suggest that the drug may not be effective as a treatment for this condition.
A new study suggests that massive magma chambers in supervolcanoes may erupt when the roof above them cracks or collapses, rather than building up internal pressure. The researchers found that the size of the magma chamber is a key factor in triggering eruptions, and that external forces such as earthquakes or faults may play a role.
A recent study by University of Queensland researchers has tracked the re-emergence of scarlet fever-causing bacteria, resulting in a significant increase in cases worldwide. The rise in scarlet fever could pre-empt a future rise in rheumatic heart disease, highlighting the need for swift identification and treatment.
Researchers have found that young stars in Serpens South form through distinct, episodic growth spurts. CARMA-7 experienced 22 episodes of gravitational push-pull during star formation, indicating a chaotic environment common for star birth.
The University of Oklahoma is collaborating with the National Science Foundation's South Big Data Regional Innovation Hub to tackle regional challenges using big data analysis. The hub aims to develop new approaches for integrating data from disparate sources, enabling effective decision-making in areas like healthcare, coastal hazards...
Cyclone Chapala brought heavy rains and flooding to Yemen, with IMERG rainfall estimates showing totals of 5-15 inches in south central Yemen and coastal areas. The storm caused significant damage and loss of life, with at least 3 deaths and 200 injured reported.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have measured the attractive force between pairs of antiprotons for the first time, shedding light on antimatter's existence and symmetry. The study's findings may help explain why the universe is dominated by ordinary matter and not antimatter.
A $20 million gift from the Dolby Family Fund will support UCSF's Department of Psychiatry in its research on depression, bipolar disorder, and related illnesses. The goal is to rapidly advance treatments and eliminate stigma surrounding mental illness.
Research found that composting is most reliable to kill bacteria with resistance genes in cow manure. Composting speeds up decomposition and reduces volume of manure. Manure management practices like composting and stockpiling can make it difficult for resistant bacteria to travel from farm to environment.
A study published in PLOS One reveals that fishers in California are being poisoned by rat poisons used on illegal marijuana farms, leading to a 233% increase in poisoning-related deaths. The toxicants are particularly deadly for male fishers, which are five times more likely to die from poisoning than predation compared to females.
Patient advocates urge medical professionals and policymakers to consider the long-term effects of advanced breast cancer treatments. They highlight the need for accessible therapies that extend patients' lives, while also addressing financial, employment, and family challenges associated with prolonged illness. Experts note that curre...
Australian scientists identified a critical molecular feedback loop in neuroblastoma that accelerates cancer development. Experimental drug CBL0137 has the potential to interrupt this loop and halt tumour progression, showing promising results in laboratory models.
Scientists developed JEDI T-cells to visualize immune responses and model disease states, enabling targeted cell depletion and advancing immunotherapy in cancer care. This breakthrough has implications for autoimmune diseases and brain malignancies like glioblastoma.
Researchers propose a working definition of curiosity as a drive state for information, which can be observed in organisms as simple as nematode worms. They also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of curiosity, including its role in learning and decision-making, and how it relates to attentional disorders.
Researchers found that urban areas have higher pathogen abundance and lower honey bee survival rates compared to rural environments. The study suggests that increased transmission rates in urban areas may be the primary cause of this effect.
Researchers found that treating team members differently can have negative effects on performance, but also that over-treating or under-treating them can be detrimental. The study suggests that business leaders need to find a moderate level of differentiation to avoid harming team performance.
A team of psychologists and engineers from SMU and the University of Maryland have received a $2 million NIH grant to create a wearable device for pediatric asthma patients that monitors air quality and identifies individual triggers. The device aims to alert patients before an attack, improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that parts from both types of 3D printers were toxic to zebrafish embryos, with liquid-based printer parts being the most toxic. A post-printing treatment using ultraviolet light reduced toxicity levels.
A recent study reveals that the evolution of differences between human language's sound systems is partly linked to climatic or ecological conditions. The researchers found a correlation between ecological factors and the ratio of sonorant segments to obstruent segments in languages.
A new study reveals that relapsed malaria infections are a significant obstacle to malaria eradication in the Asia-Pacific region. Most childhood infections in Papua New Guinea are caused by relapsed P. vivax infections, which can hide in the liver and re-emerge after treatment.
Researchers demonstrated the fabrication of high-Q LN microresonators using femtosecond laser micromachining, achieving efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) in the visible wavelength range. The normalized conversion efficiency of SHG was measured to be 1.35×10-5 /mW.
Undergraduate and graduate students in Arizona and Michigan used open-access data to discover the influence of soil composition on microbial life. The students, part of a revolutionary virtual class, used social media and online forums to collaborate and analyze large-scale datasets.
By 'crumpling' hybrid nanostructures, researchers increased surface area and improved SERS detection sensitivity. The new design enables enhanced nanoplasmonic sensing applications for environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical research.
The University of Missouri engineer Yangchuan Xing has received a $2.2 million DOE grant to develop manufacturing technology for lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles. The project aims to drive down the cost of environmentally friendly automobiles, creating jobs and economic development in Missouri.
Annual snow accumulation on West Antarctica's coastal ice sheet rose dramatically during the 20th century, increasing by 30% between 1900 and 2010. The research found that this increase is attributed to an intensification of regional low pressure systems and more storms in the region.
A US study found that physicians who spend more resources are less likely to face malpractice claims, regardless of whether it's for defensive or non-defensive reasons. The study analyzed data from nearly 19 million hospital admissions and found associations across seven specialties, with family medicine physicians being the exception.
A team of researchers from MIT and QCRI developed a system that can automatically convert 2-D video of soccer games into 3-D. The system uses detailed 3-D maps stored in video games to create broadcast-quality 3-D video, achieving real-time processing without visual artifacts.
Strong marketing departments contribute to both short-term and long-term shareholder returns by building brand equity and customer relationships. Researchers found that marketing departments' power increased over a 16-year period, with firms that didn't have one before creating it later benefiting the most.
Recent research by IPC PAS reveals how kinesin transports large molecules within cells, utilizing a unique 'silly walk' mechanism. By controlling the movement of kinesin, researchers confirmed one of earlier-known proposals of its mechanism.
A Grand Valley State University nursing faculty member is presenting research on the effectiveness of text messaging for medication adherence among older adults. The study found that enrolling patients through a specialty pharmacy resulted in higher enrollment rates, and that adults over 60 were more likely to participate.
A newly discovered fossil sea urchin has been found in Texas, pushing the evolution of this type of sea urchin back by 10 million years to the Roadian age. The discovery provides valuable insights into the processes that occur during major evolutionary changes.
A new study suggests that the brain's immune system can be harnessed to clear amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Microglia, native brain cells, play a key role in this process, and manipulating their activation may accelerate plaque removal.
Researchers at LSU have identified a new gene regulation pathway that prevents inflammation and speeds up the skin's healing process. A nanoparticle-carried small interference RNA blocks the Nax sodium sensor, enabling faster healing.
A new study found that teenage exposure to organochlorine pesticides may lead to defective sperm and fertility problems later in life. Researchers analyzed sperm and blood samples from 90 men living in an island community with high pesticide exposure.
A new study published in The BMJ found that higher-spending physicians face significantly fewer malpractice claims, with malpractice rates ranging from 1.6% to 4.1% per physician-year across specialties. This suggests that increased spending may signal defensive practice and reduce errors or liability.
Researchers have developed a new battery that uses low-cost materials to store renewable energy, potentially making it more affordable for homes. The battery's energy density is close to that of lithium-ion batteries, but with the potential for an additional two- to three-fold boost.
Researchers found that analyzing circulating tumor DNA can track a patient's cancer evolution and identify the best treatments. The liquid biopsy test is less invasive and less costly than conventional tissue biopsies, providing up-to-date information on how a patient's cancer is changing.
Researchers at George Washington University Health Workforce Institute analyze data on US medical graduates and residency positions, finding a surplus of slots for the next decade. The study suggests that despite increased competition, US medical students will have ample training opportunities.
A study found associations between masculinity ideology, energy drink consumption, and sleep disturbances among young white men. Energy drinks are often marketed as 'masculine' products, leading some men to feel pressure to consume them to perform masculinity.
Researchers found that switching to efavirenz-based therapy did not result in higher rates of viral rebound or failure among children with viral suppression. This study provides evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of this treatment regimen for HIV-infected children over 3 years old.
The O'Neill Institute and WOLA are developing guidelines for public health approaches to legalizing marijuana, drawing from research and experience in regulating other products like tobacco and alcohol. The project aims to minimize public health harms and maximize benefits, with a focus on expert input from the public health community.
Researchers in Pennsylvania have been granted funding from the American Heart Association to support their work on cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The grants will enable them to gather data and develop new treatment strategies for patients with Fontan physiology, a condition that affects thousands of people worldwide.
Experts argue that banning smoking in all areas of psychiatric hospitals can lead to better patient engagement with treatment and improved mental health. Studies show that patients with serious mental health problems are more likely to die prematurely due to smoking-related diseases.
Experts warn that easily accessible online prescription sleeping tablets pose a significant risk of addiction and misuse, particularly for vulnerable individuals. The BMJ report highlights the need for regulatory authorities to ensure websites comply with medicines regulations.
A study by University of Miami researchers found a weakening of the Walker circulation due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, leading to changes in rainfall patterns. The analysis used historical cloud cover observations as a proxy for wind velocity in climate models.
Researchers created a machine learning framework that predicts vaccine efficacy on an individual basis using genetic signatures. The framework demonstrated high accuracy in predicting yellow fever and flu vaccine responses.
Researchers at UBC created a supercharged blood cell called a 'Franken-platelet' by injecting platelets with DNA and other ingredients. The resulting cells produced RNA, which performed as predicted and showed promise for treating bleeding disorders and inflammatory diseases.
Scientists at British American Tobacco have proposed a new assessment framework for innovative nicotine and tobacco products. The four-stage process evaluates lab-based testing, clinical trials, real-world observations, and individual and population perception.
Scientists create ultra-thin FeSe films using electrochemical etching, increasing superconducting transition temperature from bulk form to 40K. This method enables exploration of nontrivial physical phenomena in 2D materials, previously difficult to address.
A new study published in The Lancet found that adding ultrasound to standard mammography tests results in higher rates of detection for breast cancer in Japanese women. The J-START trial showed a sensitivity of 91% with ultrasound combined with mammography, compared to 77% for mammography alone.
Astronomers have discovered an adolescent protostar, CARMA-7, exhibiting rapid-fire growth spurts and intermittent jets streaming away from its poles. This finding provides insights into chaotic stellar formation in the densely packed Serpens South star cluster.
A study by Cornell Food & Brand Lab found that healthy-weight individuals tend to eat nutritious breakfasts including fruits and vegetables. The research revealed that egg consumption was higher than expected among slim people, highlighting the importance of breakfast in weight management.
Scientists tracked breast cancer development using tumour DNA shed into bloodstream, reflecting genetic changes and treatment response. The study provides proof-of-principle for real-time monitoring of cancer, potentially reducing need for invasive biopsies.
A recent study by UC San Diego researchers found that young adults experience envy more frequently than older adults, particularly in regards to physical appearance and academic success. The study also revealed that men and women tend to envy someone of the same age group, with younger participants reporting envy over looks and romance.
A program combining home repairs, training, and comprehensive care significantly reduces childhood asthma symptoms and emergency department visits in low-income urban public housing. Removing asthma triggers such as mold and pests from these homes helps address the disproportionate impact of childhood asthma on minority communities.
Research challenges scientific beliefs that wing shape is primarily determined by flight style, finding that ancestry plays a more significant role. The study analyzed wing geometry across major bird groups and found varying wing shapes within closely related species.
A new study by researchers at USC, Harvard and Stanford universities found that spending more on patients lowers doctors' malpractice risk. The study analyzed Florida physician and claims data and found an inverse correlation between adjusted hospital spending per physician year and malpractice claim rates.
Researchers have developed a new RSV vaccine candidate that has shown promising early results in young children, eliciting more antibodies than previous candidates. The vaccine uses a genetically engineered version of the virus with a deleted M2-2 protein to induce a stronger immune response.
A new study suggests that hospital evidence-based practice centers (EPCs) can inform decision-making in medical settings, improving quality, safety, and value of care. EPCs can analyze scientific literature to fill critical knowledge gaps, leading to better outcomes and cost savings.
Researchers developed bottle-brush nanotags to enhance cellular imaging by containing thousands of fluorophores, overcoming the limit of self-quenching and amplifying signal detection. The design permits the use of different dyes, enabling a wide range of colors for these fluorescent nanotags.
A $7.3 million genomic project in Canada is developing a winter-hardy, disease-resistant breed of honeybees to combat declining health and economic losses. The research aims to improve bee health through the identification of genetic markers and the development of accurate tests for detecting Africanized genetics.
Researchers analyzed 118 proto-porcelain and 35 impressed stoneware sherds, finding distinct chemical profiles that suggest raw materials were sourced locally. The discovery sheds light on the origin of Chinese proto-porcelain and its glazing techniques.
A new study from Lund University suggests that unwanted blood vessel formation may be behind intractable walking and balance difficulties associated with Parkinson's disease. The researchers used cerebrospinal fluid samples from 100 patients and found clear connections between angiogenesis markers and symptoms.
Unused prescription drugs contribute to water pollution and drug abuse when flushed down toilets or left in medicine cabinets. Local governments are creating take-back programs to collect pharmaceuticals, requiring drug companies to install containers at pharmacies.
A new method using sound waves can detect cell stiffness changes that could signal disease, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. The technique uses low-frequency ultrasonic waves to levitate cells and high-frequency ultrasonic waves to measure their stiffness.
Researchers measured kangaroo methane production and found it was no lower than that of horses. Well-fed animals produced less gas due to faster food passage through the gut, not a unique low-production trait.
Scientists at ETH Zurich create surface designs that allow water droplets to 'trampoline' upwards, leveraging evaporation and microstructure. This phenomenon enables materials to violently repel water and ice, with potential applications in de-icing, power lines, and road surfacing.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a mechanism that propels liver development after birth through alternative splicing, allowing the liver to acquire new functions tailored for adult needs. The study highlights the importance of an RNA binding protein, ESRP2, in controlling this developmental program.
A study of nearly 1,300 veterans found that those who completed online expressive-writing sessions showed more improvements than peers who didn't write at all or did factual writing. Expressive writing reduced physical complaints, anger, and psychological distress, but had limited impact on PTSD symptoms.
Researchers found that grid cells integrate information about time and distance to support memory and spatial navigation, even without visual landmarks. The discovery suggests a broader role for the medial entorhinal cortex in coding locations, time, and distance.
Researchers studied the eye development of Sunburst Diving Beetle larvae, revealing rapid eye growth and transformation between stages. The findings suggest a pre-determined eye growth mechanism, but also allow for adjustments at the level of the lens, which reforms over eight hours.
The University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research has received a $7.6 million grant from the U.S. Department of Defense to accelerate development of drugs and vaccines against alphaviruses, deadly viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. The team aims to develop therapies and protection against these diseases.
The University of Oklahoma Institute for Study of Human Flourishing aims to advance the science of virtue and improve the flourishing of OU students and all Oklahomans. The Institute is launching various programs, including a Common Read program and Camp IMPACT, to promote character development and civic engagement.
The University of Texas at Arlington has developed a sensing and therapeutic tool called the SMART bandage, which can monitor and cure wounds in real-time. This innovative technology will help doctors and healthcare workers better treat patients' complex wounds more quickly and effectively.
Researchers found that high math motivation can buffer the negative effects of math anxiety on math learning, while low motivation is linked to poor math performance. The study used twin data and college student samples to investigate the complex relationship between math anxiety, motivation, and math achievement.
A phase 2 study found that 42% of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can remain cancer-free after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation, challenging traditional age-based exclusion criteria. This approach may offer improved outcomes for AML patients over 60 with otherwise well-tolerated treatments.
The article reviews lessons learned from Alzheimer's disease research to advance the development of screening and diagnostic algorithms for Parkinson's disease. It explores MCI-AD research, clinical trials incorporating biomarkers and genetics, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting specific biological mechanisms.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center found that using a cell phone app to track exercise and calories did not result in significant weight loss for overweight young adults. In contrast, those who received personal coaching lost more weight over time.
Researchers have discovered a central relay station in plant cell communication, controlled by the MICU protein. This protein regulates calcium ion concentration in cellular power stations, enabling plants to respond to environmental stimuli such as water stress and pathogen attacks.
A study by the USGS found that native bees are exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides and other pesticides, particularly in agricultural fields and grasslands. The presence of these pesticides can harm bee populations and reproductive success.
Researchers at Rice University measured the attractive force between antiprotons, revealing a fundamental new way to understand antimatter interactions. The scattering length and effective range of interaction were found to be nearly equivalent to those between protons.
Researchers have developed a blood test that can identify key mutations driving resistance to a widely used prostate cancer drug. The test predicts which patients will not respond to treatment and can inform personalized treatment options.
A recent study published in International Journal of Gynecological Cancer found that protein CK5 marks ovarian cancers likely to be resistant to cisplatin. This marker could help predict and analyze platinum resistance, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
The study suggests specific criteria for adolescents that differ from those in adults to predict outcomes and guide treatment. An A1C greater than 6.3% within three months of starting metformin increases the risk of losing glucose control within 11 months.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that 167 fisher deaths were attributed to rat poisoning from illegal marijuana grows, with exposure rates rising by 6% between 2012 and 2014. The poison, often used as bait, has been linked to 10% of fisher deaths and affects the animals' ability to recycle vitamin K.
Researchers found that kangaroos emit around the same amount of methane as horses or ostriches per body size, but higher when food intake is increased. The study suggests that differences in methane production are more related to bacterial exposure conditions than specific bacteria types.
Researchers from Mississippi State University found that pre-treated neonicotinoid seed treatments yield better and suffer less damage than untreated crops from the rice water weevil. In areas of high insect pressure, seed treatments show an economic advantage.
Researchers have identified a single gene, TLE6, responsible for human embryonic lethality at an earlier stage of development than previously documented. The mutation impairs the binding of components of the sub-cortical maternal complex, leading to arrest in early embryonic development.
A new study published by Bielefeld University found that only one in three women participating in Germany's mammography screening programme (MSP) are well-informed about it. The study also showed that women with higher levels of education and those from Turkish migration backgrounds are more likely to make an informed decision.