A study by Michigan State University criminologist Jeremy Wilson found that public safety consolidation can work well for some communities but isn't the best solution for others. Consolidation efforts generally encountered difficulties in larger and more diverse communities, while success varied widely among different models and methods.
Scientists have untangled the genetic material of Kansas soil, reconstructing portions of 129 microbial genomes. The study provides a leap forward in understanding the diversity and interactions of microbes in complex soil samples.
Researchers discovered a method to create ultrathin graphene-like films from salt using computer simulations. The findings provide a relationship between the critical slab thickness and parameters determining ionic bonds, enabling more efficient nanoelectronics.
The end-Ediacaran extinction, 540 million years ago, was triggered by ecosystem engineers - newly evolved organisms altering the environment, leading to the demise of older species. Fossil evidence found in Namibia preserves a mixed community of Ediacarans and animals, providing key insights into their interaction.
A new study reveals the exact timing of the modern monsoon pattern in the Maldives 12.9 million years ago, linking it to past climate changes and coral reefs. The analysis of sediment cores provides direct physical evidence of environmental conditions that sparked the monsoon system still affecting the Indian subcontinent today.
Researchers found that individuals with high levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies have distinct immune system variations, including autoantibodies and altered T follicular helper cells. These findings support approaches to developing an HIV vaccine by modifying the immune system to mimic these conditions.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered key immune differences that can help in the development of an effective HIV vaccine. The study found that HIV-infected individuals with broadly neutralizing antibodies had similar immune alterations as those with autoimmune disease.
A new study of 180 pre-term infants found that those who received predominantly breast milk during their NICU hospitalization had larger deep nuclear gray matter volume and better IQs, academic achievements, memory, and motor function. Breast milk intake correlated with improved cognitive outcomes at age 7.
Researchers have discovered new spectral lines from highly charged heavy ions in fusion plasmas, which could be useful for plasma application research such as EUV lithography. The study used the LHD facility to create high-temperature plasmas and observe the emission spectrum of extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.
Tropical Depression 06W is consolidating and intensifying in NASA's infrared imagery, with cloud top temperatures exceeding minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm will interact with the mountainous terrain of Luzon on July 29, potentially strengthening into a tropical storm
A new three-dimensional lattice structure developed by ETH scientists can absorb a wide range of vibrations, including those in the audible range. This design allows for improved noise reduction and energy efficiency in machines, vehicles, and aircraft.
Researchers found that green monkeys in The Gambia acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains from humans through contact with contaminated food. The bacteria adaptation process was observed as strains lost genes associated with human adaptation, highlighting the risk of pathogen transmission.
A study published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience found that a high-fat diet, particularly one rich in saturated fats like lard, can impair cognitive function and lead to increased hunger. In contrast, consuming fish oil has been shown to support brain health and regulate appetite.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure the activity of disease-causing mutations in the LRRK2 gene, a major cause of inherited Parkinson's disease. The breakthrough could help pave the way for a clinical test that could facilitate evaluation of drugs targeting this form of the condition.
Researchers developed a hydrogel patch that delivers gene therapy, chemotherapy, and thermal ablation to treat colon cancer. The patch achieves complete tumor remission in non-resected tumors and prevents recurrence when applied after surgery.
A study by Penn State researchers found that websites with search and interaction history can be just as engaging as chatbots or human helpers. By leveraging browsing history, businesses can create a sense of contingency, making users feel like they're having a conversation.
Researchers at University of Leeds and Hebei Medical University found that Substance P reduces sensations of pain in peripheral nervous system but triggers pain in central nervous system. This discovery could lead to new methods for pain control with limited side effects.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a solar cell that captures CO2 and sunlight to produce hydrocarbon fuel. The 'artificial leaf' technology solves two crucial problems simultaneously by converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into fuel, making it a game-changer for energy production.
Rice University scientists detect thermal boundary that hinders ultracold experiments, requiring clever measurement techniques to overcome. The researchers found that cooling substrates reduced temperature increases, but thermal boundary resistance remained a major issue.
A study of over 2,400 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer found that online communication is used to enhance decision making and care support, but barriers exist across age, race, and education levels.
Researchers propose that women in Zika-affected countries can safely conceive during the 'trough' of low mosquito activity, reducing the risk of birth defects. This approach could prevent thousands of cases per year, especially in Brazil and Puerto Rico.
A French study suggests a slight hiring bias in favor of women for science teaching positions, contradicting previous notions of bias against women. Researchers found that female applicants received higher grades than males in more male-dominated fields, with biases ranging from 3 to 10 percentile ranks.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have shown that early exposure to the human IDUA protein increased immune tolerance, allowing for widespread expression of the enzyme and resolution of brain lesions. The study informs the planning of first-in-human trials for MPS I treatment.
Researchers identified a mechanism of action for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that explains their delayed effectiveness in treating depression. The study found that SSRIs accumulate in lipid rafts and reduce levels of signal molecules, contributing to the delay in symptom reduction.
Researchers have identified a genetic basis for songbirds' migratory routes, linking them to a small cluster of genes governing behavior. The study found that differences in migration patterns help maintain the diversity of songbirds.
Historical rates and patterns of tropical deforestation around the globe were used to estimate carbon emissions and species losses over time. Current emissions and extinctions are mostly tied to past actions.
The project aims to further accelerate progress toward the SunShot goals through research and development of novel solar collectors using reflective surfaces to concentrate sunlight. Giant Leap Technologies will develop capillary optics to replace expensive mechanical sun trackers with low-cost digital-glass for solar thermal and photo...
A study has identified D-amino acids as potential biomarkers for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Elevated levels of D-Serine and D-Asparagine in CKD patients are associated with a higher risk of end-stage kidney disease, highlighting the potential for improved treatment and novel therapy options.
Tropical Storm Frank weakened to a tropical storm on July 28, 2016, with winds decreasing from hurricane strength. NASA's RapidScat instrument observed sustained winds of near 30 meters per second north of the center.
Valley fever, caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, affects over 150,000 people annually. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent unnecessary tests and treatment, reducing the impact of complications. Pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, and those with diabetes are at high risk for severe outcomes.
A team of researchers discovered the oldest evidence for cancer and bony tumors in human fossils, dating back 1.7 million years. The findings push back the origins of these diseases from recent times to deep prehistory.
A new study suggests that couples' division of paid and unpaid labor is associated with the risk of divorce, even after adjusting for financial resources. Wives' ability to support themselves financially in the event of a divorce does not determine marital stability.
Researchers found that unorganized and semi-organized groups use Twitter to develop stances toward organizations during crises. The study suggests that PR professionals can diagnose different publics' attitudes using Contingency Theory, allowing them to craft messages for specific audiences.
A study found that applying mulching materials after soil remediation and reseeding can restore perennial ryegrass in 6 weeks after diesel and hydraulic fluid spills. The combination of peat pellets, mulching, and remediation with humic amendment resulted in the best turfgrass green density.
Research by Queen Mary University of London found that private sector contracts in Scotland led to a decrease in NHS provision and an increase in age-related and socioeconomic treatment inequalities. Patients aged 85 years and over, as well as those living in the most deprived areas, were disproportionately affected.
Researchers at Pitt School of Medicine identify mechanism by which bioscaffolds influence cellular behavior, promoting tissue repair and reconstruction. The study reveals the presence of nanovesicles in bioscaffolds, which enable cellular communication and facilitate regenerative processes.
A team of researchers led by Andreas Velten is working on a camera technology that uses scattered-light photons to capture scenes outside human line of sight. The project aims to push the limitations of this technique over four years, with potential applications in medical imaging, disaster relief, and space exploration.
A joint article by Dr Melissa Trimingham and Professor Nicola Shaughnessy presents pioneering research using drama with autistic children, demonstrating how 'intermediality' unlocks languages used by autistic children. The study aims to help families through teaching new play skills using drama and puppetry.
A new study found that preterm infants with acute kidney injury (AKI) have higher levels of certain proteins in their urine compared to healthy infants. This could lead to better diagnostics and treatment for AKI in newborns, which is a common complication in premature infants and can predict poor clinical outcomes.
Researchers from around the world collaborated on an open-source drug-discovery project, identifying compounds to treat malaria, other parasites, and even cancer. The successful trial has sparked over a dozen new drug-development projects, bridging the gap between academia and industry.
Researchers identified ACSL3 as essential for mutant KRAS gene activity in lung cancer cells, leading to cell death when suppressed. The study provides a critical role for fatty acids in lung cancer and meets an urgent need for targeted therapies.
Researchers found that the expression of specific genes and DNA methylation patterns, such as IFG2 and reduced aberrant methylation, are better indicators of iPS cell differentiation to hematopoietic cells. This discovery suggests a more efficient method for producing high-quality blood cells through reprogramming.
Researchers have uncovered two novel virulence mechanisms employed by Leishmania parasites to circumvent the host's antimicrobial defenses. GP63 and CPB proteases play a central role in these processes, allowing the parasite to manipulate host cell membrane fusion machinery and evade phagocytosis.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine found that the body's immune response system malfunctions during severe bacterial infections, leading to permanent damage to blood-producing cells. This discovery provides a new target for protecting the immune system during major infections.
Geographers from UC Santa Barbara's Climate Hazards Group will help African scientists predict food deficits using remote sensing tools and climate data. The new project aims to provide early warning systems for severe hunger, giving policymakers four months of advanced notice to allocate resources.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that India's official statistics significantly underreport pedestrian and motorcycle deaths, suggesting a much higher number than reported. The researchers recommend using police reports instead of government data for research and policy decisions.
Researchers at UVA Health System have discovered a critical role of M-CSF in battling pneumonia. Without this cytokine, infected mice experience severe outcomes, including increased bacterial loads and organ failure.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that compromise is less likely to occur when two men make decisions together, whereas it's a common practice among female-female and mixed-gender pairs. Men tend to prefer extreme options to prove their masculinity, while women act more pragmatically and choose the middle ...
Male cuttlefish exhibit a hierarchy of threat displays to signal aggressive intent, with frontal and shovel displays predicting subsequent lateral displays. These displays allow rivals to determine the opponent's level of aggression, enabling tactical decisions about contest escalation or withdrawal.
The TAILOR-PCI Study aims to determine whether prescribing antiplatelet therapy based on a patient's CYP2C19 genotype can prevent heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The study, which began in 2013, plans to enroll 5,270 patients and investigate the effects of genomics on treatment outcomes.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre have identified a previously unidentified step in plant flowering initiation, linking an important gene to protein regulators. This breakthrough uncovers how plants 'remember' low-temperature conditions to control flowering timing.
A new study by Oregon State University researchers has found that teens who smoke daily report significantly higher levels of health complaints than their nonsmoking peers. The study also reveals a widening gap in health complaints between smoking and nonsmoking teens, with girls reporting more health issues than boys.
Researchers found that tomatoes can detect a parasitic vine's peptide, triggering an immune response and increased resistance. This discovery could lead to new strategies for mitigating crop losses caused by parasitic plants worldwide.
Researchers at OU are developing novel technologies for next-generation solar cells with potential to increase global energy capacity and reduce fossil fuel dependence. They aim to control thermal losses and harness more of the sun's energy using 'hot' carrier solar cells.
A new study published in Cell Reports explains how a blood pressure hormone system can promote obesity. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) controls energy balance and metabolic rate, with elevated brain RAS increasing energy expenditure and weight loss, while peripheral RAS suppressing resting metabolism and increasing weight gain.
The use of virtual rocks can archive samples for destructive testing, aid peer-review, and provide access to geological materials for disabled students. Virtual explorers can also enhance learning and retention after field trips.
A new rare species of beaked whale, smaller and darker than Baird's beaked whale, has been identified with a range in the remote North Pacific Ocean. The elusive whale is about 25 feet long and rarely seen, even by Japanese whalers.
Researchers from Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research found that women with the most severe kyphosis had the greatest declines in lung function. Hyperkyphosis restricts lung expansion and causes difficulty breathing, leading to serious health problems.
A University of British Columbia study finds that evolution accelerates the speed of plant migration in response to climate change. Plants that undergo evolution disperse seeds and migrate farther than their non-evolving counterparts, even in challenging conditions.
Researchers at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center have identified a rare gene variant associated with familial Barrett esophagus (FBE) and esophageal cancer. The study found that this mutation disrupts normal esophageal lining maturation, increasing disease risk.