The Rhode Island Center for Clinical Translational Science will create an educational and technical infrastructure to spur medical studies, expand access to population health data, and support clinical research. This $19.5 million grant aims to bring discoveries from the lab to the clinic and improve patient care.
Scientists have pinpointed D2 neurons as key players in regulating drinking behavior, discovering they discourage action and inhibit excessive consumption. Activating these 'no-go' neurons could help prevent problem drinking behavior, paving the way for new treatments.
Researchers found that blue tit males feed their partners more frequently when they are younger and less experienced, but less often when temperatures rise. This helps the females forage for food without interrupting incubation.
Researchers discover that high densities of nests on Raine Island limit hatching rates due to oxygen depletion and bacterial buildup. Pumping air into the nests may boost hatching rate, explaining similar phenomena in other turtle species.
Researchers at UCL have created a new approach to simulate virtual universes, allowing for accelerated research into the effects of dark energy and dark matter. By comparing results from large studies to computational models, scientists can gain more accurate predictions and explore alternative versions of these mysterious substances.
Whole-genome gene expression and methylation data offer more predictive power than commonly-used clinical information in breast cancer survival predictions. Combining these data with clinical information improves predictions, suggesting a promising genomic approach for future clinic applications.
Researchers found that mitochondrial stress triggers metabolic shifts through the p53 protein in cancer cells, leading to increased glycolysis and possible new targets for therapy. The study suggests that markers of metabolic stress could serve as a biomarker for cancer aggressiveness.
A genetic test detecting tumor DNA in blood accurately predicts colon cancer recurrence in some patients. The test could help clinicians decide which patients need additional treatment after surgery, improving diagnostic approaches and potentially increasing survival rates.
A new microfluidic device has been developed to study the effects of electric fields on cancer cells, effectively stopping their growth and spread. The device uses low-intensity, middle-frequency electric fields to preserve healthy cells.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered that analyzing image features from adjacent benign tissues to tumor areas can provide an early warning for patients at higher risk of biochemical recurrence. This study may lead to doctors making decisions sooner about follow-up therapies or more regular monitoring.
A recent European Commission-funded study examines how children in European countries are influenced by online marketing, revealing significant impacts on purchasing behavior. The study found that all popular online games and half of mobile apps contain embedded advertisements, often not understood by child consumers.
Researchers found that the Atchafalaya Basin, with restored access to riverine sediment, is more stable than surrounding areas like Terrebonne Basin. The basin has emerged above mean sea level and maintained its shoreline despite rising waters and sediment loss.
A systematic review found that the IMCI strategy may lead to slightly fewer deaths among children under five years old. However, its effect on other issues such as illness and quality of care was mixed. The review's findings suggest that while IMCI may be beneficial in certain settings, its cost-effectiveness is uncertain.
Scientists have uncovered how the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes triggers a cellular adaptation that determines aging. The study provides valuable information on using mitochondrial donation technology to prevent disease-causing mutations.
Experimentalists discovered calcium-52 had a large charge radius, challenging its status as a magic nucleus. Theoretical research using Titan supercomputer confirmed the trend without kink in charge radius graph, but even advanced models couldn't perfectly match experimental data.
Researchers found that viral hepatitis is now a leading cause of death and disability globally, killing at least 1.45 million people annually, surpassing TB, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. The disease burden is more evenly divided between high- and low-income countries.
A study by researchers at the University of Michigan found that long-term marijuana users show a decreased response in their brain's reward system, making them more susceptible to addiction. This decrease can lead to a blunted emotional response, also known as anhedonia.
Satellites captured a developing eye in Hurricane Blas, showing a cloud-filled and wide storm system. The hurricane is moving west-northwest at 12 mph and has maximum sustained winds of near 125 mph.
A new study reveals prehistoric sea worm Oesia built tube-like dwellings on the sea floor, inhabited by a filter feeder with gills. The findings confirm Oesia as a primitive hemichordate and provide evidence of a distant common ancestor shared with vertebrates.
The ESMO consensus guidelines reflect a personalized treatment approach to managing metastatic colorectal cancer, incorporating molecular markers and patient selection. The guidelines aim to improve outcomes by providing evidence-based recommendations for treatment options.
Research suggests that cigarette butts can leach metal contaminants into the marine environment and potentially harm local species. The study found varying levels of metals in cigarette butts at nine locations along the Persian Gulf, with significant changes not detected between assessments.
Researchers have identified the key cellular mechanism behind antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism, which includes involuntary movements and tremors. By targeting dopamine D2 receptor blockade in specialized neurons, a new approach to designing novel antipsychotics without side effects may be possible.
Researchers found that pre-assessment of moral free riders can stabilize costly moral systems and promote cooperation. This approach considers a pool account where individuals can contribute in advance, allowing for more efficient detection of those unwilling to pay for justice.
A research group has made progress in obtaining bio-oils and raw materials from biomass using its patented reactor. Artificial neural networks are being used to calculate the gross calorific value of biomass, which is essential for designing and improving biomass pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion systems.
Data from Japan's Hitomi X-ray satellite shows that supermassive black holes play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies, regulating their growth by releasing energy that keeps plasma hot. This heat prevents galaxies from forming new stars and becoming even larger.
Research shows that pelleting and extrusion increase digestible and metabolizable energy in diets for pigs, regardless of fiber content. Pelleting alone or combining with extrusion provides greater increases in amino acid digestibility, improving energy utilization.
As air pollution increases, hydrocarbon molecules break down, confusing bees and increasing foraging time. This affects not only generalist but also specialist bees, impacting pollination and ecosystem balance.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found a link between obesity and decreased response to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients. Inhibiting the AT1 signaling pathway may be an effective strategy to overcome this obstacle.
Plasmonic lasers use metal films to confine light energy and have potential applications in integrated optics and ultrafast digital processing. The researchers developed a scheme that emits radiation at extremely long wavelengths with a narrow beam divergence angle of just 4 degrees, the narrowest achieved for such terahertz lasers.
A field study suggests a personalized privacy assistant app can simplify managing smartphone app permissions, with users adopting almost 80% of recommended settings. The app learns user preferences and provides quick recommendations, improving comfort with privacy settings.
NASA's GPM core satellite analyzed rainfall rates, while RapidScat measured wind speeds near or above 30 meters per second around the center of the storm. The typhoon intensified over warm sea surface temperatures with minimal wind shear and good outflow, eventually reaching Category 5 hurricane status.
Male beetles have evolved to keep their penis tips soft for faster sex, exploiting the female's duct for efficient breeding. Researchers found that a softer tip is better for penetrating the female duct due to its narrow tube, which slows down penetration.
Curza Global, a pharmaceutical startup company, has received a Phase I SBIR grant to develop new antibacterials against Gram-negative infections. The two-year project will focus on structure-based drug design and medicinal chemistry to create potent antimicrobials with high selectivity for bacterial ribosomes.
The EMODnet Workshop Report highlights the importance of historical biodiversity data for ecological models and future predictions. The workshop aimed to fill gaps in European marine species occurrence data availability by implementing data archaeology and rescue activities.
New research reveals that ancient Brazilians continuously occupied oversized pit houses in the southern Brazilian highlands for over two centuries. The homes were extended by adding new floors on top of old ones, and occupants used different techniques to renovate their homes.
A Yale-led study found that efforts to lower hospital admission rates also reduce readmissions, despite patients being sicker when hospitalized. The research used Medicare data and found strong associations between reduced hospital admissions and decreased 30-day readmissions.
Trauma researchers emphasize the importance of increased funding to develop evidence-based interventions and enhance disaster preparedness. The US is experiencing a surge in mass casualty events, including natural disasters and gun violence incidents.
Researchers have created an atlas of gene expression during early mammalian development using single-cell sequencing. This new tool allows for direct observations of individual cells, enabling scientists to map healthy cells against those with genetic abnormalities, shedding light on the causes of birth defects.
Researchers at the University of Houston have reported record thermoelectric performance from a rare bismuth-based Zintl compound. The material boasts high efficiency, converting heat to electricity with an impressive figure of merit value.
A Buck Institute study found that boosting a broccoli-related compound, palmitoleic acid, may be a possible treatment for age-related macular degeneration. The research identified indole-3-carbinol as a starting point and used a virtual screen to find a more potent activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein.
Research suggests that anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the CCL2 chemokine may be effective in treating epilepsy. The study highlights the link between inflammation and epileptic seizures, providing a potential new target for anticonvulsant therapy.
Researchers discover that AMPK, a protein activated during fasting, regulates 'hunger' neurons involved in feeding behavior, leading to increased food intake and body weight. Blocking AMPK activity reduces hunger and AgRP neuron firing, even after fasting.
Researchers have developed a new type of two-dimensional layered perovskite with outstanding stability and more than triple the material's previous power conversion efficiency. The breakthrough involves flipping crystals during casting, eliminating a gap in electron flow that previously reduced efficiency.
A study published in Public Health Nursing highlights the cognitive factors that inhibit effective driving among older adults with dementia. The authors propose a three-pronged approach to testing for safety, including patient assessments and medication reviews, computerized simulations, and road tests. This evaluation program aims to ...
Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology used mass spectrometry to identify components in an ancient bitumen sample from a 5th century BCE amphora. The analysis revealed a prolonged period of biodegradation due to bacterial activity, leading to increased oxygen content in the sample.
Researchers have developed a blood-based screening test to gauge colon cancer recurrence and monitor chemotherapy effects. The test detects tumor DNA fragments in the blood, which can identify patients at high risk of relapse and track treatment efficacy.
Researchers used radiocarbon dating to find that human cartilage is an essentially permanent tissue in healthy and osteoarthritic adults alike, which may explain limited success of cartilage transplant therapy for osteoarthritis.
A conceptual model by Amanda L. Stone and Anna C. Wilson suggests that genetic factors, early neurobiological development, and social learning play a role in the transmission of chronic pain from parents to children. The researchers propose five plausible mechanisms for this risk, including genetics, early neurobiological development, ...
Researchers found that a genetic risk score was associated with worse memory and smaller hippocampus volume in healthy younger participants. A higher polygenic risk score was linked to greater longitudinal memory and executive function decline and clinical progression of the disease.
Labradors with elbow dysplasia showed improved mobility and stride characteristics after hydrotherapy, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic tool. The study also found benefits in healthy control groups, indicating swimming can be beneficial for dogs.
A new special issue by Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology investigates the widening gap between where products are made and where impacts occur. The articles analyze environmental impacts such as water, energy, and land use, as well as economic and social indicators like child labor and carbon emissions.
A comprehensive review article examines the role of gut bacteria and viruses in MS development and progression. Alterations in gut microbiome composition may influence immune system activity and autoimmune disorders like MS.
The research team will explore the biological and genetic underpinnings of breast cancer in African-American women, with a focus on identifying novel genes and gene pathways. The study aims to improve knowledge of breast cancer biology, particularly for this population.
Researchers are using DNA origami to create large, two-dimensional honeycombs and tubes with precise structures. They aim to develop new medicines by exposing the immune system to DNA origami scaffolds holding virus pieces, and explore protein arrangements for sophisticated medicines and electronic devices.
A recent study by the University of Sydney found that obese preschoolers have 60% higher healthcare costs and are two to three times more likely to be hospitalized. The research highlights the significant economic impacts of childhood obesity, which can lead to serious chronic diseases.
A special issue of the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery defines common physical and functional changes in cats during aging. The issue provides assessment criteria for veterinary practitioners to provide the best care to ageing pet cats, as well as resources for future clinical research.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine developed a diagnostic test that can distinguish between bacterial and viral infections using just seven human genes. The seven-gene test is more accurate, cheaper, and faster than earlier tests, with the potential to reduce antibiotic misuse and save healthcare systems money.
Global health advocates call for aligning medical intelligence, national security, and global health priorities to prevent blurring of boundaries. A pathway for cooperation, highlighting health threats with national security implications before policy action, is proposed to mitigate adverse consequences.
Water fleas, such as Daphnia, grow defensive structures like helmets and spines in response to predator chemical cues. This 'arming' process allows them to tailor their defenses to specific predators, potentially affecting ecosystem composition and population dynamics.
Standard BMI may underestimate global obesity levels by over 400-500 million, particularly in East Asian populations with slimmer builds. Researchers propose adjusting BMI cutoffs for basal slenderness to better estimate obesity and undernutrition rates worldwide.