A team of scientists has quantified deep carbon emissions associated with the East African Rift, revealing a significant source of CO2. The study found that faults along the rift act as permeable pathways for deeply-derived CO2, suggesting a previously unrecognized role in global climate change.
A comprehensive check list of 1,541 snout moth species has been compiled by Dr. Brian Scholtens and Dr. M. Alma Solis, shedding light on the fauna of North America and its potential threats to crops and forests.
The University of Chicago Medicine will receive a $5 million donation from the Hospira Foundation to create the Hospira Foundation Professorship in Oncology. This professorship will support research aimed at discovering new therapies and treatments for cancer.
Researchers have discovered a new mutation that rescues abnormal axonal growth in the developing mouse brain affected by CFEOM3. The mutation targets the kinesin-microtubule interface and suppresses abnormal axon guidance.
Scientists have long struggled to explain the rapid deglaciation of the 'Snowball Earth' period, but new research now offers an explanation for the global formation of hundreds of metres thick deposits known as cap carbonates
A researcher at the University of the Basque Country has designed an economic model that reflects a country's economic evolution better by considering the relationship between technological obsolescence and economic growth. The model suggests a positive correlation between capital depreciation and long-term growth rates in 101 countries.
New research suggests that reducing beef production in Brazil could lead to higher global greenhouse gas emissions due to the need for farmers to recover degraded pastures and boost cattle productivity. This would potentially lower emissions by storing more carbon in the soil.
A new analysis suggests that placing plastic collectors near coasts is more beneficial for removing microplastics and preventing harm to wildlife and ecosystems. The study found that this approach could remove up to 31% of microplastics, compared to just 17% if all collectors were deployed within the Great Pacific garbage patch.
Three diamonds found in Johannesburg show that plate tectonics was in operation on Earth as early as 3.5 billion years ago, revealing key findings about the ancient planet's history.
Researchers have discovered the structure of TRPV2, a protein linked to pain and heat perception, which could lead to new treatments for chronic pain. The study found that TRPV2 has an in-between state where it becomes desensitized to repeated stimuli, suggesting a potential way to alleviate chronic pain.
Researchers developed an algorithm called Mogrify that predicts the unique set of cellular factors required for converting one human cell type to another. This breakthrough has significant implications for regenerative medicine and lays the groundwork for further research into cell reprogramming.
Researchers found that DNA methylation patterns in leukemia cells can vary significantly across different cell maturation stages. However, the 'cancer-typical' methyl patterns discovered so far are actually indicative of the normal development process rather than cancer-specific changes.
Lyme disease is transmitted by the blacklegged tick and western blacklegged tick, with a significant expansion of their range across the US. The study found that over 45% of counties have established populations of these ticks, highlighting areas of high risk for human exposure.
EPFL scientists have engineered a molecularly engineered hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells, achieving competitive power-conversion efficiency of 20.2%. The new material is significantly cheaper to synthesize and purify than existing alternatives.
Researchers demonstrate that fast molecules in the vicinity make blood cell membranes wriggle, but cells also become active when they have enough reaction time. The study reveals a balance between thermal fluctuations and internal forces causing the cells to change shape.
A new algorithm has been proposed to automatically search for genes in DNA sequences, making it more efficient and accurate. The BRAKER1 algorithm combines the advantages of existing tools and has already been downloaded by over 1500 laboratories worldwide.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that phthalates, commonly used in plastics, can lead to weight gain by disrupting hormone balance and metabolism. The researchers discovered that the phthalate DEHP causes an increase in unsaturated fatty acids and disrupts glucose metabolism, paving the way for weight gain.
A new study from MSK highlights the fertility concerns of young adult and adolescent cancer survivors, with nearly half reporting uncertainty about their reproductive health. The researchers emphasize the need for more comprehensive fertility-related information and support services in survivorship care.
Melbourne researchers discovered a protein called Hhex that puts the brakes on leukemia cell growth and division. Targeting this protein could lead to new therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive blood cancer with poor prognosis.
A study found that people living in high-rise buildings have lower survival rates from cardiac arrest, attributed to delayed emergency response times. The researchers recommend improving accessibility of automated external defibrillators and streamlining building access for paramedics.
Two Georgetown professors argue that a section of the FY 2016 Consolidated Appropriations Act undermines science and women's health by requiring private insurers to follow outdated scientific guidance for breast cancer screening coverage. This action strikes at the credibility of the US Preventive Services Task Force and may discourage...
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that e-cigarettes with candy flavors are more appealing to school children, who also express a greater interest in buying and trying these products. The study suggests that further regulation is needed regarding e-cigarette advertising to prevent tobacco smoking among young people.
A study by Kyoto University reveals that a cancer suppression protein may contribute to ALS disease progression. The research found that the malfunctioning of nerve support cells and misfolding of protein TDP-43 play key roles in ALS development.
Extra-Tropical Alex became a high-pressure system near Greenland in the North Atlantic Ocean on January 15, 2016. The storm's maximum sustained winds had dropped to 35 knots (40 mph/62 kph) but it was still speeding northward at 35 knots per hour.
Researchers found that children raised in poverty have weaker connections between the hippocampus, amygdala, and other brain areas, increasing their risk of depression. The study highlights the importance of early intervention to foster positive brain development and reduce adverse outcomes.
Tropical Storm Alex formed in January 2016, becoming the earliest hurricane to do so since 1938. NASA analyzed storm data using AIRS, RapidScat, GPM, and Suomi NPP satellites, revealing strongest winds at 30 meters per second and rainfall rates decreasing significantly after declaration as a hurricane.
Researchers used intensity interferometry to study light propagation in curved spaces, demonstrating the importance of surface curvature on geometry and physics. The findings have implications for astronomical observations and manufacturing techniques, potentially leading to new materials and optical systems.
Researchers at NIST have simulated a new concept for rapid, accurate gene sequencing by pulling DNA through a graphene nanopore and detecting changes in electrical current. The method could identify about 66 million bases per second with 90% accuracy, potentially revolutionizing forensics.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have identified a virulence factor secreted by the bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii, which is resistant to traditional antibiotics. The discovery could lead to the development of new antivirulence antibiotics that can suppress pathogen growth without eliminating susceptible bacteria.
Online citizen science project Space Warps has made significant contributions to astrophysics, discovering 29 new gravitational lenses and a novel lensing scenario. The involvement of thousands of volunteer scientists has demonstrated the value of human pattern recognition in analyzing vast datasets.
Researchers found that the number of bacterial species in a chimp's GI tract increases when they are more gregarious. The study suggests that social interactions with other chimps help maintain gut microbial diversity over a lifetime, just as initial exposure from mom does.
Researchers identified DDA as a potent tumor suppressor metabolite derived from cholesterol and histamine cross-metabolization. Its discovery reveals a new metabolic pathway in mammals, potentially leading to the development of novel anticancer therapies.
NASA/NOAA's GOES-West satellite captured images of Tropical Cyclone Victor in the South Pacific Ocean, revealing a thick band of thunderstorms and a developing eye. The cyclone had maximum sustained winds near 40 knots (46 mph) and was moving west-southwest at 7 knots.
A team of astronomers has detected a gas cloud with a wide velocity dispersion, suggesting the presence of an intermediate mass black hole. The cloud's elliptical shape and composition indicate a compact but low-density component and a dense component extending 10 light years.
Astronomers have discovered a highly turbulent galaxy that may soon lose its supply of star-forming gas due to violent motion. The galaxy, W2246-0526, is an obscured quasar with a supermassive black hole at its center, causing intense radiation that exerts pressure on the entire galaxy.
African trypanosomes use nanotubes to sense their environment and respond to it, as well as release extracellular vesicles that can cause anemia in humans. The discovery could lead to improved therapies for sleeping sickness, a disease fatal if left untreated and threatening millions of people annually.
A recent study published in JAMDA found that nearly half of hospital readmissions from post-acute care facilities occur within 14 days, and patients who experience readmission have a higher mortality rate. The researchers also identified the need for invasive devices and advanced care as contributing factors to readmissions.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute discovered that p53 can suppress accumulated DNA damage at telomeres, preserving genome integrity. This finding highlights a new benefit of the vital gene p53 in protecting against cancer.
Researchers found that different color patches on butterfly wings are controlled by independent genetic switches, which can be mixed and matched between species to create new patterns. This phenomenon allows butterflies to share common warning signs with predators, a form of mimicry.
Researchers at FAU have discovered that mother-of-pearl is formed through the aggregation of nanoparticles within an organic matrix, rather than crystallisation. This unique process, found in nature, has implications for developing new high-performance ceramics with improved mechanical properties.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that bone marrow lesions on MRI scans can predict more rapid progression of osteoarthritis. Individuals with BMLs had a loss rate of 0.10mm per year faster than those without, potentially leading to earlier need for joint replacement.
Researchers used ALMA to study W2246-0526, the most luminous galaxy known, finding it's ejecting its star-forming gas due to intense infrared radiation. This turbulence could lead to the galaxy evolving into a traditional quasar.
The grant will explore various dosing regimens of daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) bacteria. The research aims to prevent resistance development and improve treatment outcomes for patients with life-threatening infections.
A three-year study aims to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Participants will receive personalized counseling and monitoring, while others will receive standard occupational health care.
A team of researchers tracked a rare 66-million-year-old tyrannosaur footprint trail in Wyoming, shedding new light on the dinosaur's speed and hunting habits. The study suggests that even young tyrannosaurs were capable of rapid movement, challenging previous theories about their sluggish nature.
Cancer rates vary significantly among Asian American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations, with Samoan men having the highest lung cancer rates and Laotian men having the highest liver cancer rates. Breast cancer mortality rates have decreased among AANHPI women combined, while liver cancer death rates declined among AANHPI males.
A new Anglo-French research project will give a voice to French children who became displaced during WWII, shedding light on their experiences and challenges. Dr. Lindsey Dodd's project aims to disrupt the established narrative of the period, which often focuses on resistance and collaboration.
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center found an association between obesity and the formation of blood clots in children and adolescents. Obesity was a statistically significant predictor of blood clot formation in juveniles, contributing to increased incidence of pediatric venous thromboembolism.
Researchers found that high-challenge activities improved memory performance and brain activity efficiency in older adults. The study suggests that mentally demanding activities may be neuroprotective and essential for maintaining a healthy brain into late adulthood. Enhanced neural efficiency was maintained a year after participation.
Researchers used cactus species to test whether regions variable across closely related species show predictable intraspecific variability. The study found that rate-heterogeneity poses a practical challenge for researchers, and screening steps are necessary to discover regions of the genome with sufficient variability.
The study reveals that citizen science has become a significant force in various scientific disciplines. Citizen scientists contribute millions of observations to research projects, with notable success in biology, ecology, and astronomy. However, the quality of these contributions is often not acknowledged by researchers.
A €400,000 EU-funded project at the University of Huddersfield aims to reduce levels of domestic violence through an interactive computer game. The game, designed to educate and influence attitude change among potential perpetrators, will be piloted in Caribbean countries and the UK.
Researchers identified the NLRP3 inflammasome's role in activating Interleukin 1 beta, triggering inflammation and BPD development. Testing FDA-approved drugs showed promise in reducing lung damage.
Research at Thomas Jefferson University reveals obesity is associated with a key hormone's absence, leading to tumor suppressor pathway deactivation and increased colorectal cancer risk. A therapeutic approach using the pill linaclotide, structurally related to the lost hormone, may prevent cancer in obese patients.
Researchers found a link between pre-kallikrein levels and thickened blood vessels in type 1 diabetes patients. Elevated plasma PK levels are an independent risk factor for whole-body diabetic vascular disease, similar to high triglycerides or high blood pressure.
A recent study by Vetmeduni Vienna's Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer found that simulator-based training in large animal gynaecology is nearly as efficient as animal-based training. Students who trained four times on horses scored best with regard to a correct diagnosis, while those trained solely on the simulato...
The remnants of former Hurricane Pali have dissipated and elongated due to strong vertical wind shear, losing its closed center. It is no longer possible to definitively locate a closed center in the system.
Researchers found that chimpanzees with more frequent social interactions had more diverse gut microbiomes. The study suggests that social networks play a crucial role in maintaining healthy gut microbial diversity, a finding with potential implications for human health.
A new study shows that Aboriginal burning practices in Australia had a minimal effect on the erosion of their inhabited landscapes. The researchers used beryllium-10 to model the impact of fire on landscape erosion and found that it was not intense enough to change the natural rate of erosion over thousands of years.
Research by Peter Kriz found that less physically mature male ice hockey players took an average of 54 days to recover from concussions compared to more physically mature peers. The study recommends age-based grouping in youth sports leagues to reduce the risk of prolonged concussion symptoms.