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Science News for August 23, 2016


Analog DNA circuit does math in a test tube

A new study by Duke University researchers creates an analog DNA circuit that can add, subtract and multiply in a test tube, using concentrations of specific DNA strands as signals. The technology has the potential to be used in diagnosing and treating diseases, with applications including sensing vital signs and detecting molecular si...

SourceDuke University·JournalACS Synthetic Biology·DateAug 23, 2016

Understanding nature's patterns with plasmas

A new experiment reproduces nature's patterns with a specially designed system called an H-shaped dielectric barrier discharge system. The system produces filaments of discharge plasma that can assume vast ranges of patterns in 3D, allowing scientists to explore complex mechanisms behind nature's diverse designs.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalPhysics of Plasmas·DateAug 23, 2016

Researchers image roots in the ground

Geophysicists at the University of Bonn have visualized plant root activity using electrical impedance tomography, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of nutrient uptake. The method provides insights into plant behavior under different conditions, such as drought or nutrient stress.

SourceUniversity of Bonn·JournalBiogeosciences·DateAug 23, 2016

'Ideal' energy storage material for electric vehicles developed

A team of Penn State materials scientists has developed a unique three-dimensional sandwich-like structure that protects the dense electric field in the polymer/ceramic composite from dielectric breakdown. The material has been shown to have high energy density, power density and excellent charge-discharge efficiency, making it highly ...

SourcePenn State·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 23, 2016

How sleep deprivation harms memory

Researchers discover that five hours of sleep deprivation leads to a loss of connectivity between neurons in the hippocampus, a region associated with learning and memory. However, blocking the protein cofilin and allowing recovery sleep restores neuronal connections and improves memory processes.

SourceeLife·DateAug 23, 2016

Modelling water uptake in wood opens up new design framework

A team of researchers from Germany and France has developed an equation of state for wood, which can predict water uptake in treated wood with a simple analytical model. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more environmentally friendly preservation treatments and bio-inspired smart actuators.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalNew Journal of Physics·DateAug 23, 2016

Discovery could provide new prevention, treatment option for organ transplant rejection

A recent study published in Nature Communications found that eliminating dendritic cells from transplanted organs can prolong transplant survival by reducing T cell proliferation. This breakthrough could lead to new methods for preventing or treating organ transplant rejection without compromising the patient's immune defenses.

Drinking green tea to prevent artery explosion

A Kyoto University study found that green tea polyphenol reduces inflammation and promotes elastin production, protecting against aneurysm progression. The researchers suggest daily green tea intake as a new preventative strategy for abdominal aortic aneurysm.

SourceKyoto University·JournalJournal of Vascular Surgery·DateAug 23, 2016

Tech issues cause most drone accidents: Research

Research by RMIT University and others found technical problems caused 64% of drone accidents, prompting calls for improved airworthiness requirements and mandatory accident reporting. The study highlights the need for robust communications systems to prevent accidents in the rapidly growing drone industry.

SourceRMIT University·JournalAerospace·DateAug 23, 2016

Music at work increases cooperation, teamwork

A pair of lab experiments by Cornell University researchers found that happy music increases cooperative behavior among team members. Contributions to the group's value were approximately one-third higher when upbeat songs were played compared to less pleasant music.

SourceCornell University·JournalJournal of Organizational Behavior·DateAug 23, 2016

'Putting prevention in their pockets'

A recent study found that a UB-developed smartphone app can improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV. Participants reported high compliance with daily report completion, citing the app's ease of use and text reminders as key factors.

SourceUniversity at Buffalo·JournalAIDS Research and Treatment·DateAug 23, 2016

Whales in the desert

Researchers have found fossilized whale skeletons in the Ica Desert of Peru, providing insights into the Miocene whale feeding habits. The discovery also reveals exceptional microstructure preservation, allowing for the study of fossilized baleen bristles at a submillimetric scale.

SourceGeological Society of America·JournalGeology·DateAug 23, 2016

Darwin's theory about 'impassable' marine barrier holds true for coral larvae in the Pacific

A team of scientists used a state-of-the-art computer model to test Charles Darwin's hypothesis that marine species cannot cross the Eastern Pacific's 'impassable' marine barrier. The study found that even under extreme El Niño conditions, coral larvae could not survive long enough to make the trip across the ocean.

Warbler genomes look to be 99.97 percent alike

New research reveals that blue-winged and golden-winged warblers are almost identical genetically, with only six regions showing strong differences. The study suggests that conservation efforts should focus on preserving habitat for both species rather than worrying about hybridization.

SourceCornell University·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 23, 2016

Traumatic brain injury associated with long-term psychosocial outcomes

A longitudinal study found that children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience reduced longevity and significant psychosocial problems in adulthood. The study compared TBI cases to unaffected siblings, revealing strong associations between TBI severity, recurrence, and older age at first injury.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Medicine·DateAug 23, 2016

New care plan improves outcomes for Crohn's disease complication

Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine developed a new care plan for managing septic perianal Crohn's disease, which combines medical and surgical treatments. The plan resulted in a 60% healing rate among patients, with half requiring permanent ostomy bags while the other half saw some improvement but did not heal completely.

SourcePenn State·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·DateAug 23, 2016

Relief for epilepsy at the scale of a single cell

Researchers have developed a small device that can detect the initial signal of an epileptic attack and release a substance to stop it, all in the same area as the signal arises. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurological illnesses such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.

SourceLinköping University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 23, 2016