A new study by the University of Leicester has identified details in fossil vertebrate eyes that shed light on how vertebrates evolved their complex eyes. The research shows that ancient species of hagfish could see, while living counterparts are blind, revealing a 'reverse evolution' process.
A team of physicists has made a significant breakthrough in understanding the internal composition of neutron stars. They used thermal perturbation theory to determine the thermodynamic properties of dense quark matter under extreme conditions, shedding light on its potential presence inside these stars.
A systematic review of 35 studies found that longer duration of untreated childhood schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis is associated with poorer functional improvement. Children and adolescents with EOS often experience frequent pre- and co-morbid conditions, leading to worse outcomes.
A new study by UTHealth found that Brighter Bites significantly reduced added sugar intake among first-grade children and improved home environments, including increased cooking from scratch at home. Parents also showed improvements in nutrition knowledge and behavior.
Researchers discovered that cancer tumors starve immune T cells by shrinking their mitochondria, limiting their ability to fight cancer. Boosting mitochondrial function in T cells improves their performance and could enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy drugs.
Researchers found that flu vaccines with adjuvants do not work as well in obese mice, highlighting the urgent need to understand vaccine response in obese humans. Obesity leaves individuals at increased risk for flu-related complications, including hospitalization and death.
Dr Matthew Baker has won an international award for his pioneering research on diagnosing brain tumours using vibrational spectroscopy. His work enables the development of accurate and efficient clinical diagnostics.
A new study finds that a child's home address can identify families at risk of severe asthma due to socioeconomic hardships. The address is linked to zip code and census data to target resource allocation.
Researchers at Emory Vaccine Center have identified molecular characteristics of T cells that expand after PD-1 inhibition, paving the way for rational design of combination therapies. The study reveals distinct co-stimulatory molecules and receptors on these revived T cells, which could be targets for drugs.
Physicians and patients utilized social media to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis in a youth travel group, leveraging posted images of skin lesions. The disease was effectively treated thanks to rapid recognition facilitated by the online community.
A recent study published in JAMA found that only 25% of seniors in the US used digital health technology between 2011 and 2014. The study also revealed socioeconomic disparities in digital health use, with older age, black and Latino ethnicity, divorce, and poor health associated with lower use.
A six-year California study by University of the Pacific demonstrates that virtual dental homes are a safe and effective way to bring care to people who lack it. The approach uses telehealth technology to link specially trained dental hygienists in the community with dentists in clinics.
Researchers developed a rapid 5-minute test to detect C-reactive protein, reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infections. The study showed significant reductions in antibiotic use among adults and children with viral infections.
The University of Pennsylvania's Alzheimer's Disease Core Center has been awarded $8.8 million over five years from the National Institute on Aging to investigate Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The center will focus on recruiting, studying subjects with early-stage AD, and expanding its bioinformatics infrastructure.
Researchers at Michigan State University have developed bioelectrodes that can generate electricity by harnessing the power of Geobacter bacteria. The biofilms are composed of cells loaded with cytochromes and pili, which work together to transmit electrons across the biofilm and to the underlying electrode.
A new UK consortium aims to develop novel and efficient ways to store data using nanoscale magnetic whirlpools known as magnetic skyrmions. This technology could make day-to-day gadgets like mobile phones and laptops smaller, cheaper, and more energy-efficient.
A study published in JAMA found that liraglutide did not improve post-hospitalization clinical stability in patients with advanced heart failure. The drug was tested in a randomized controlled trial involving 154 patients, but showed no significant effect on primary end points such as death and rehospitalizations.
A new review published by the IFCC-IOF Working Group for Standardisation of Bone Marker Assays supports the potential for bone turnover markers to provide clinically useful information. The study highlights the importance of standardization and harmonization of units for reporting serum/plasma CTX and PINP concentrations.
Researchers from OIST Graduate University have developed a classical model to describe the phenomenon of strong coupling, challenging previous thoughts that it was a quantum effect. Strong coupling occurs when light and matter interact strongly, affecting both parties equally.
A third of young men and half of young women experience one or more sexual problems lasting at least three months, causing distress. Young people rarely seek professional help, instead relying on family, friends, or self-help sources.
A study found an association between lower body mass index and greater deposits of Alzheimer's-associated protein beta-amyloid in the brains of older individuals, particularly those carrying the APOE4 gene variant. This may indicate that being underweight late in life increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
PharmacoEconomics - Open will provide readers with the latest on cost and health outcomes associated with drugs, devices, and healthcare interventions. The new journal aims to disseminate credible open access information to researchers, decision makers, and patients, maximizing the reach of their work.
A study published in Stroke found that elderly stroke survivors require nearly double the caregiving hours of non-stroke patients. The estimated annual cost of caregiving is around $40 billion due to a need for approximately $11,000 per week in assistance. Caregivers can include family, friends, and paid caregivers.
Cancer cells use oxygen gradients to navigate and spread through the body, according to a new study published in PNAS. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that cancer cells migrate from low-oxygen areas to higher oxygen concentrations, allowing them to reach blood vessels and metastasize.
A study by University of Leicester criminologists found that Mobile Scan and Pay technology promotes ease of theft by removing human contact in the shopping process. The report also shows that retailers could be seen as making theft easier for some customers, who may feel justified in committing crime.
Researchers analyze human bite marks on lamb bones to develop new method for identifying ancient meals. The study found that over half of the bones bore human bite marks, allowing for the differentiation between human and animal consumption.
A new case report suggests that energy drink consumption may lead to cardiac complications, including abnormal heart rhythms. The study highlights the potential risks of high caffeine content in energy drinks and encourages healthcare providers to ask about energy drink intake in patients with unexplained arrhythmias.
A new UCLA study reveals eco-certified wine tastes better and is often cheaper than regular wine, with professional reviewers giving it higher ratings. The study found a larger effect for red wine, gaining an average of 5.6 extra points, while white wines also showed a positive impact.
A study published in the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association found that rural patients are more likely to be readmitted to the hospital due to lack of pharmacy access. The average number of readmissions from rural areas was 15.3 percent, compared to 14.7 percent for urban counterparts.
Research by Stefano Fabris and colleagues reveals that moisture boosts the efficiency of a catalyst in fuel cells by creating a 'proton pinball game' that facilitates molecular transport. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient fuel cell designs.
Scientists developed a new computational method to plan restoration of habitats and improve connectivity across landscapes. The approach optimizes the size, quality, and connectivity of ecological networks to facilitate species range shifts.
Research by Institute for Basic Science reveals that aging compromises the survival of naïve T cells by degrading the supportive environment within the lymph nodes. The study found that the production of a key protein responsible for attracting T cells to the lymph nodes declined with age, resulting in reduced effective immune response.
Researchers compared early treatment with vasopressin to norepinephrine in septic shock patients, finding that neither improved kidney failure-free days. The study suggests that larger trials may be needed to assess potential benefits of alternative treatments.
Research by marketing experts found that excessive positive online customer reviews can lead to higher return rates and increased costs for retailers. This is particularly true for products with low prices or from new customers, as it raises expectations and may result in disappointment upon delivery.
The Ebola epidemic led to a significant decline in child and maternal health in Liberia, with a 30% reduction in facility-based deliveries. The study found that fear of Ebola transmission in healthcare facilities was the primary factor contributing to this decline.
The Alaska Native and American Indian Peoples Health Disparities Research Center will address significant health gaps in these communities. It provides training, research opportunities and project funds to scientists working with indigenous people.
A multicenter randomized study of 164 patients with knee osteoarthritis found no significant reduction in pain and function impairment from chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate therapy. The results suggest that additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of this combination for treating knee osteoarthritis.
Researchers tracked 22 striped bass in response to severe storms in the Hudson River Estuary and New York Harbor. The study found that fish rapidly left the area, moving south along the coast, and some adopted new migration behaviors. This change may impact fish populations and breeding habits.
Researchers identified a key role for Vps33B in regulating innate immunity and found exaggerated inflammatory responses in cells lacking the protein. The study suggests potential new therapies for arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, which is associated with recurrent infections and sepsis.
Researchers discovered that calcium-silicate-hydrates dissolve at high-stress regions and re-precipitate at low-stress regions, leading to 'creep' deformation. This finding could help develop mechanistic models for predicting creep behavior and identifying cementation agents with reduced sensitivity.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to represent gluon distributions within protons, identifying fluctuations as essential for explaining experimental data. The model's results suggest that gluon fluctuations can help explain collective phenomena observed in proton-nucleus collisions.
A pilot study by University of Oregon researchers found that urban parks have unique bacterial fingerprints reflecting vegetation types, while parking lots tend to be more similar. This study provides evidence for how differences in vegetation influence airborne microbial communities and offers promising new directions for exploring th...
Researchers at UTA are studying how estrogen levels impact females' sensitivity to cocaine's rewarding effects and their risk of addiction. They found that estrogen activates messenger pathways in the dopamine reward system, making drugs more or less rewarding.
A new study conducted by researchers from Florida Atlantic University reveals that Millennials are not the 'hookup generation' as previously thought. The study found that Millennials born in the early 1990s were significantly more likely to report no sexual partners after age 18, compared to GenX'ers born in the late 1960s.
Researchers identified FHY3's role as a transcriptional repressor in flower development, promoting FM determinacy. FHY3 regulates WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 expression, and interacts with photomorphogenesis genes.
Researchers at NJIT's Center for Resilient Design are developing solutions to protect Greenwich Township from flood waters. The project aims to balance human and ecosystem needs while restoring natural environments like tidal wetlands and protecting upland habitats.
Researchers found that bats recognize locations by remembering unique echo signatures, allowing them to form cognitive maps of their environment. The study suggests that prominent landmarks play a key role in template-based place recognition.
Researchers have developed a new approach to destroying hazardous space debris using laser impulses. By pushing the debris into the Earth's atmosphere, the debris can be destroyed, posing less of a threat to active communication and navigation satellites used by billions of people on Earth.
Typhoon Nida made landfall just north of Hong Kong, bringing maximum sustained winds of 74.8 mph, and a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale. The storm has weakened to a tropical storm and is moving northwest towards inland areas where it is expected to dissipate.
Tropical Storm Earl has formed in the Caribbean Sea, with maximum sustained winds near 45 mph and a minimum central pressure of 1,001 millibars. The storm is forecast to move west over the next couple of days, affecting Honduras and Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
Researchers analyzed carbon-dated artifacts at archaeological sites to conclude that a population boom and scarce food led to early farming in eastern North America around 5,000 years ago. This transition enabled large numbers of people to live in one place, ultimately setting the stage for civilization.
Scientists design metamaterials that can block or transmit specific wavelengths of light at the command of light pulses, enabling new optical device applications. The new switchable materials have potential to create ultra-thin metasurface lenses and other flat optical components.
A Finnish study found that nearly 60% of patients with coronary artery disease also had dental root tip infections. The researchers discovered a strong link between the two conditions, suggesting that oral infections may contribute to heart disease risk. Root canal treatment may help reduce this risk.
The FIGHT study, led by University of Pennsylvania researchers, found that liraglutide had no significant impact on heart failure in patients with advanced heart failure. The therapy did improve blood sugar control and weight loss in diabetic participants but not in non-diabetic patients.
A study found that using off-site monitoring for cardiac telemetry reduced the number of monitored patients without increasing cardiopulmonary arrest events. The system also improved alarm management by minimizing noise distraction from hospital activity and allowing standardized practices.
Research finds that adolescent girls with 'boomerang fathers' experience lower depressive symptoms compared to those without stable paternal involvement. The study suggests familiarity and commitment from the biological father create a protective bond, assisting in positive mental health.
Tropical Storm Howard is moving west through the Eastern Pacific Ocean with maximum sustained winds near 60 mph and higher gusts. NASA's Aqua satellite provided forecasters with visible and infrared imagery of the storm on August 1-2, capturing its bulk thunderstorms east of the center.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a flexible wearable sensor that can accurately measure blood alcohol levels from sweat, providing real-time monitoring for doctors and police officers. The device, consisting of a temporary tattoo and portable electronic circuit board, can be worn on the skin and transmit data wirelessly to a ...
The University of Texas at Arlington's Institute of Urban Studies will develop a land use study to guide future development around the airport. The study aims to address residents' concerns and enhance quality of life in surrounding neighborhoods through community engagement and analysis of conditions including building locations, land...
Scientists at Children's Hospital Los Angeles found that glucose transporters are inhibited by E. coli K1 during meningitis, leaving insufficient fuel for immune cells to fight off infection. The study suggests modulation of PPAR-γ and GLUT-1 levels may boost the immune system to fight infection.