A recent study found that corn plants may prioritize defense against caterpillars over aphids, potentially making them more susceptible to aphid attacks. This metabolic trade-off could lead to the development of new corn varieties with naturally increased resistance to certain insects.
A walnut-rich, higher-fat diet resulted in significant weight loss and improved cholesterol levels compared to a lower-fat, higher-carbohydrate diet. The study found that participants on the walnut-rich diet showed comparable weight loss effects as those on the lower fat diet.
Researchers at CNRS and University of Lorraine develop a coiled-up acoustic metasurface that achieves total acoustic absorption in very low-frequency ranges. The absorber's deep-subwavelength thickness enables it to handle large wavelengths with reduced size structure, making it physically practical for most applications.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute achieve light-induced lossless electricity transmission in fullerenes, contributing to the search for practical superconducting materials. The discovery could lead to a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity and the development of artificial superconductors.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute have identified the protein complex controlling muscle gene expression, resolving a longstanding issue in muscle regeneration. The discovery sheds light on molecular targets for regenerative medicine-based interventions to treat muscle degenerative disorders.
Researchers have deciphered the genome of the blacklegged tick, revealing secrets to its success as a disease vector. The study identifies genes and protein families that shed light on why ticks excel at spreading pathogens, providing potential targets for new interventions.
Researchers found that APOBEC3 enzymes target the lagging-strand template during DNA copying, causing C-to-T mutations. This discovery sheds light on a major source of mutations driving tumor growth and explains microbial evolution.
Research by the University of Warwick found a link between reduced one-to-one nursing care for premature new-borns and a higher death rate. The study, published in Archives of Disease in Childhood (Fetal & Neonatal Edition), showed a third decrease in this type of care between 2008 and 2012.
A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered an ancient gene network that helps plants adapt to their environments. The tasiARF/ARF gene network, found in both mosses and flowering plants, plays a crucial role in regulating the response to environmental cues.
Houmansadr aims to create a theoretical model to lead to new anti-blocking tools, analyzing current censor-circumvention systems and employing game theory, network science, and information theory. Emerging communication devices like content caching and cloud computing will be used to design sustainable ways to circumvent censorship.
Researchers propose using twisted X-rays to study non-crystalline but symmetric structures like helices. This method matches the symmetry of incoming radiation to the structure's symmetry, producing sharp peaks in diffraction data that can be used for accurate structure prediction.
A team of European researchers has predicted increased hunting pressure in the Congo Basin, leading to dramatic population declines or extinctions. The study identified areas with high hunting pressure, including Virunga National Park and the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
Research found a consistent link between prenatal paracetamol exposure and asthma development, with the strongest association seen in children who had been exposed for multiple complaints. The study, the largest of its kind, also found no strong evidence for an association between maternal or paternal paracetamol use outside pregnancy.
A higher nurse to patient ratio is associated with a reduced risk of inpatient death, particularly when each registered nurse cares for an average of six or fewer medical inpatients. Policies geared towards substituting registered nurses with healthcare support workers should be reviewed.
Professor Bill Brown from Columbia Seminary will present on 'Theological Reasons for Protecting Biodiversity' at the AAAS 2016 Annual Meeting. He argues that the crisis of biodiversity loss is underappreciated by people of religious faith, and institutions must develop theological grounding to value biodiversity.
Researchers from Michigan Technological University identified a geological pop-up structure known as the Menominee Crack, which formed in 2010. The crack is believed to be a unique feature resulting from the removal of overlying rock or ice, possibly due to glaciers receding over 11,000 years ago.
The American Epilepsy Society has released a new guideline to help physicians effectively treat patients with prolonged seizures. The guideline recommends a three-phase approach to treatment, prioritizing rapid termination of seizure activity to reduce neurological injuries and deaths.
Research from Saint Louis University and Chongqing University found that younger Chinese teenage boys are less likely to start smoking than those born longer ago. The study suggests that urbanization and improved access to education may be contributing factors to the decline in smoking rates among Chinese male teens.
A systematic review of hormone therapy's effects on transgender individuals found significant improvements in mental health status and quality of life after as little as 3-6 months of treatment. Researchers suggest that increased access to hormone therapy could help eliminate or reduce depression and anxiety in this population.
Rescue teams can improve their chances of finding survivors by understanding the scent profile of decomposition. Researchers identified 105 volatile organic compounds in pig carcasses, changing drastically at the 43-hour mark.
Researchers studying a massive crack in the ground near Menominee, Michigan, have discovered it's likely a rare geological phenomenon known as a 'pop-up' feature. The team used seismic refraction techniques to confirm the formation of the feature, which is believed to be caused by stress in ancient limestone rock.
A Brazilian study found a link between Zika virus and eye abnormalities in infants with microcephaly. The study evaluated 29 infants with microcephaly and found ophthalmoscopic abnormalities in 34.5% of them, including focal pigment mottling of the retina and chorioretinal atrophy.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have developed a groundbreaking technique to connect neurons using femtosecond laser pulses. This breakthrough allows for complete control over cell connection processes, enabling researchers to conduct experiments that would be impossible with traditional methods.
A study published in Nature reveals that secondary tropical forests in Latin America are highly resilient and can recover up to 122 tons of biomass per hectare after 20 years. The research, led by Yale-NUS College Assistant Professor Michiel van Breugel, found carbon uptake rates 11 times higher than old-growth forests.
Researchers identified EPHA2 as a key regulator of breast cancer cell spread from blood vessels. The study sheds light on how tumour cells interact with blood vessel walls and exchange information to control their movement.
Mark Miodownik, a researcher and teacher at University College London, has been recognized for his commitment to public engagement in science. He has championed engineering and materials science through various public forums, including lectures, workshops, and online courses.
A study found that accountable justification and peer comparison behavioral interventions significantly reduced inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The interventions resulted in modest changes to the practice environment without restricting clinicians' choice of treatment.
Researchers detected a trend of lowering aerosol percentage in Moscow over the XXI century. The decrease is attributed to reduced anthropogenic emissions of proto-aerosol gases due to higher petrol quality and lower sulfur oxide emissions, with significant effects during spring and autumn periods.
A new study published in Pediatrics reveals that immigrant children with special health needs are more likely to lack a true 'medical home', despite growing popularity of the model. The disparity affects even American-born children whose parents are foreign-born, highlighting the need for family-centered care coordination.
A study found that Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals had lower 30-day all-cause mortality rates for heart attack and heart failure, but higher readmission rates for these conditions compared to non-VA hospitals. The findings suggest that VA hospitals are starting from a better place in terms of quality care than two decades ago.
A team of researchers led by UC Riverside scientist Wenbo Ma has received a $4 million grant to study the citrus greening disease and develop resistant varieties. They will use CRISPR-based genome editing to modify native citrus genes and investigate public acceptance of genome-edited crops.
A University of Exeter mathematician is studying the migration patterns of wildebeest, caribou, and salmon using state-of-the-art robotics and computer vision software. The research aims to understand how social influence impacts the stability and robustness of these migrations.
A new robotically driven experimentation system has been developed to determine the effects of a large number of drugs on many proteins, reducing the number of necessary experiments by 70%. The model uses an active learning approach to identify patterns and make predictions about unmeasured experiments with high accuracy.
A UK study found that improved fuel efficiency leads to a 20% increase in driving due to cheaper fuel, eroding energy-saving benefits. The 'rebound effect' has significant implications for public policy and transportation planning.
A new study by FAU researchers reveals that for young children, one word is worth a thousand pictures in shaping adults' perceptions and responses. The study found that cognitive maturity cues, such as verbalized thinking, played a more potent role than physical features in influencing adults' judgments.
Researchers found that horses looked more with their left eye when viewing angry faces and showed a quicker increase in heart rate, indicating they had a functionally relevant understanding of the emotions. This ability to read human emotions may serve as a warning system, allowing horses to anticipate negative behavior.
Scientists have gained insights into breathing signals during sleep, leading to potential new treatments for central sleep apnoea. Researchers used genetically modified mice to show that AMPK enzyme helps breathe faster in low oxygen environments.
A recent study from Lund University found that barley can rapidly improve people's health by reducing blood sugar levels and risk for diabetes. The special mixture of dietary fibres in barley stimulates the increase of good bacteria and the release of important hormones.
A new review highlights the importance of inland fish and fisheries, which contribute to at least 40% of the world's reported fish production. Inland fisheries provide essential livelihoods for millions of people, particularly in low-income countries, while also supporting biodiversity and recreation.
A future warming of the Southern Ocean may cause the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, leading to a significant rise in sea levels. Model simulations suggest that critical temperature limits will be exceeded if ocean temperatures rise by more than two degrees Celsius, resulting in a sea level rise of three to five meters.
A computer model suggests that cutting incarceration can decrease the number of sexual partners men and women have, thus reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections. The study also found that harsher penalties may exacerbate this effect, highlighting the need for more open criminal justice systems.
Biologists from Queen Mary University of London have discovered 40 new neuropeptide genes in the common European starfish, providing new insights into neural function evolution. The discovery includes a neuropeptide similar to kisspeptin, which triggers human puberty.
Researchers found structural differences in brain connectivity match behavioral differences between men and women, with stronger motor skills linked to male performance and social cognition skills linked to female strengths. The study provides new insights into sex differences in the brain and behavior, potentially advancing treatment ...
A team of scientists has produced a structural movie showing the creation of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a major methyl donor in the body that plays a role in some cancers. The research provides insight into how this enzyme synthesizes SAMe and highlights it as an excellent therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
A new study by the University of Reading predicts that climate change will delay transatlantic flights due to accelerated jet stream winds. This will result in longer journey times, increased fuel costs, and worsened environmental impacts.
A study by University of Liverpool researchers found that specific gene variations are associated with stress fracture injuries in healthy, exercising individuals. This discovery may lead to the development of preventative measures and tailored treatments for athletes and military personnel at risk of developing this common sports injury.
The University of Cincinnati's Arlitt Center has received a three-year, $1.6 million grant from the National Science Foundation to support teacher development and research into early childhood science learning through outdoor play environments. The grant will fund four initiatives: web-based professional development programs, research ...
BMJ is offering free online resources to help healthcare professionals keep up with the latest developments and guidance on diagnosing, advising, and treating patients affected by the Zika virus. The resources include information from leading health organizations such as WHO, Public Health England, and CDC.
A recent study suggests that the Bombus occidentalis bumble bee may be making a comeback in the Pacific Northwest. The population's resurgence is believed to be linked to evolution and a decline in the impact of the Nosema parasite. This reversal could have significant implications for local ecosystems.
Research reveals that ice-shelf loss leads to rapid dynamic ice loss, exacerbating sea-level rise. The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced significant retreat and break-up of ice shelves over the past two decades, with upstream glaciers flowing into the ocean at an accelerated rate.
Researchers have identified a dozen FDA-approved drugs that reactivate tumour suppressor genes through an epigenetic mechanism, targeting intracellular calcium levels. These cardiac glycosides and antibiotics may rapidly become available for clinical validation and treatment of cancer patients.
A new study reveals that low-income families with children who have special health care needs are at a high risk for food insecurity, even when they receive government assistance. The researchers suggest re-evaluating criteria for nutritional assistance to decrease this risk.
Wild tomato varieties exhibit dual resistance against whiteflies, which damages plants by extracting sap, creating honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Breeding these traits into commercial tomatoes could offer a sustainable solution for controlling the pest.
A UK study found a link between reduced one-to-one nursing care for sick newborns and higher death rates in neonatal intensive care. The study suggests that improving staffing ratios could reduce neonatal deaths and is in line with guidelines from the British Association of Perinatal Medicine.
A new study by an MIT professor suggests that China's efforts to price carbon will significantly lower the country's CO2 emissions without impeding economic development. The study uses a unique model linking China's energy system and economy, predicting that coal use will peak around 2020 and overall emissions will peak around 2030.
Researchers demonstrate ghost imaging technique in time domain for ultrafast optical signals in optical fibers. The method enables reconstruction of perfect copies of ultrafast signals using correlation of intensity fluctuations and total power of modulated signals.
A new paper finds that millennials still want to own homes but face obstacles like high student loan debt, low credit ratings, and delayed marriage and children. This delay may lead to a more sustainable and financially stable homeownership in the future.
A recent study by the University of California, Davis, found that levees can actually increase flood risk for up to a third of residential structures and 22% of commercial structures behind them. The research team estimated long-term flood risk, probabilities of levee failure, and resulting economic losses in the Sny Island levee distr...
A new research technique developed by the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) enables researchers to identify epigenetic changes in plants and animals much faster and cheaper. This breakthrough can help scientists study climate change, plagues, and other stress-factors more efficiently.
A Phase 1b/2 trial suggests that an oral therapeutic drug containing the spores of beneficial bacteria is effective for preventing recurrence of C. difficile infection and restoring a healthy gut microbiome. The treatment achieved a 96.7% clinical cure rate, comparable to open-label antibiotic trials and fecal microbiota transplants.
A Kaiser Permanente study shows that patients who accessed their online health information and received timely alerts about potential gaps in care were more likely to receive preventive tests and screenings. The online tool enhanced the rate of preventive care by 9% for mammograms, 6% for Pap smears, and 12% for diabetes testing.
Researchers found that about 170 of the extremophilic fish's genes were turned on to detoxify and remove hydrogen sulfide, a toxic compound in their environment. This discovery opens doors to new insights into evolutionary processes, adaptations, and potential biomedical applications.
A study published in Nature Microbiology found that Akkermansia muciniphila and other anaerobic bacteria temporarily bloom in response to injury, contributing to wound healing. The researchers suggest exploiting these microbes as treatments for inflammatory bowel disease.
WSU researchers found that the APOBEC protein can cause genetic mutations in actively replicating DNA, leading to cancer. The study reveals how tumors benefit from the protein's activity, which could inform new treatments targeting its activity.
Research found that a common gene variant affects girls' fat intake depending on their early socio-economic environment. Girls with the same gene variant had higher or lower fat intake depending on whether they were raised in poor or wealthy families.
Researchers have found an artificial diet that makes it easier to rear insects, including moths and other species. They successfully reared 39 different moth species on the McMorran diet, saving time, space, and money.
A Northwestern University class estimated the costs and benefits of securing water heaters against earthquake damage. The study concluded that investing in water heater protection would yield a low return on investment compared to buying lottery tickets with high jackpots.
Researchers found a 33% reduction in malnutrition incidence when children were given ready-to-use therapeutic food, compared to control groups. Supplementation with micronutrients showed no significant benefit.
A new study found that a 24/7 Sobriety Program in South Dakota reduced deaths by 4%, particularly among circulatory conditions associated with excessive alcohol use. The program requires frequent testing and swift sanctions for violations, leading to significant reductions in repeat DUI arrests and domestic violence incidents.
A recent study from Washington University in St. Louis confirms that about 71% of Americans are fairly certain Alexander Hamilton was a U.S. president. The study found that people's confidence in Hamilton's presidency is high, higher than for six actual presidents.
A tropical low-pressure area is consolidating into a depression in the Southern Indian Ocean, with powerful convective storms dropping rain at a rate of over 3.7 inches per hour near Madagascar's eastern coast. The system's winds are expected to continue developing over the next 24 hours, posing a threat to the region.
Researchers found diabetic rats fed an egg-based diet had higher concentrations of vitamin D, improved blood glucose levels, and gained less weight. The study suggests that eating whole eggs, including the yolk, may be beneficial for diabetics with vitamin D deficiency.
A new study found that young drivers experience significant increases in alcohol-impaired driving offenses after reaching the legal drinking age. The research suggests that raising the drinking age could reduce such incidents and improve public health.
Cadavers are being used to advance genetics education in medical schools, providing real-world scenarios and insights into genetic variants. This approach connects anatomy to genomics, bridging the gap between clinical application and future clinicians' training.
Researchers propose a new conceptual model for monogenetic eruptions, suggesting seismic crises occur before eruption and magmatic intrusions play a key role. This framework could improve forecasting of these events in populated areas, reducing economic and societal impact.
A new caddisfly species, Drusus sharrensis, has been discovered in Kosovo's Sharr National Park. The discovery highlights the country's unique biodiversity hotspot and raises concerns about the impact of human activities on aquatic ecosystems.
Researchers at University of California, Riverside developed an energy management system that improves plug-in hybrid efficiency by 12 percent. The system uses machine learning and real-time data to optimize energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Research by the University of British Columbia found that babies born to mothers exposed to air pollution from traffic had a higher risk of developing asthma before age six. The study, which included over 65,000 children in Metro Vancouver, linked increased exposure to traffic-related pollutants with an increased risk of asthma.
The study proposes adaptive control techniques to manage pests, which can help reduce crop losses due to pest control. The approach tolerates uncertainty in pest dynamics, making it suitable for developing better models or adopting design approaches that tolerate the likely level of uncertainty.
Researchers have sequenced the Ixodes scapularis tick genome, which supports redundancy and has implications for disrupting disease transmission. The large genome includes duplicative elements and hormones regulating development, suggesting potential for developing a 'birth-control pill' to eradicate ticks.
Researchers from Kumamoto University have identified the protein p53, which plays a crucial role in slowing down the progression of Alport syndrome. The study suggests that recovering the function of the p53 gene could help inhibit symptom progression and develop new treatment strategies for genetic diseases.
A meta-analysis found that bipolar patients with childhood maltreatment developed BD more than four years earlier, had more severe symptoms, and higher risks of suicide and PTSD. This study suggests a history of childhood maltreatment could be an early indicator of high risk for poor outcomes among individuals with bipolar disorder.
A new study found that behavioral interventions, such as peer comparison and accountable justification, significantly reduced unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory infections. The study built upon prior research and resulted in a 16 percentage point reduction in prescription rates.
A study found that US life expectancy is lower than in comparable high-income countries due to injury deaths. The 3 main causes of death, motor vehicle traffic crashes, firearm-related injuries, and drug poisonings, accounted for a significant portion of the gap.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that a structured task-oriented rehabilitation program did not result in better motor function or recovery after 12 months for patients with moderate upper extremity impairment following a stroke. The study suggested that more than doubling the dose of therapy does not lead to meaningful d...
A new approach has been devised to map the transcriptome, revealing RNA variants that were largely invisible to previous techniques. The study identified complex splice variants in mammals, which are strikingly common and likely have roles in gene regulation across tissues and human diseases.
A new Northwestern University study found that about a third of adolescents experience severe and ongoing bullying, which can lead to major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study also highlighted the importance of addressing these patterns in schools through policies and programs.
The tick genome provides valuable biological resources for controlling ticks and understanding disease transmission. Researchers identified proteins involved in the interactions between deer ticks and pathogens, offering insights into developing strategies to halt tick-borne diseases.
A recent study published in Developmental Cell reveals that 68% of solid tumors are aneuploid, meaning they have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy contributes to genomic instability and cancer progression by triggering cell death and proliferation signals.
Scientists dated fossilized pollen to show the Nullarbor Plain was once home to gum and eucalyptus trees before a dramatic climate shift. The region's history reveals a rainfall increase of up to four times higher than today, contradicting its modern arid conditions.
Researchers at Iowa State University have successfully developed a hybrid technology that combines genetic engineering and electrocatalysis to convert sugar into biobased, unsaturated nylon-6,6. This process offers several advantages, including low operating temperatures, the use of cheap metals, and production from water.
A study published in The Journal of Physiology found that neurons in the thalamus can be conditioned to respond to placebos in Parkinson's patients. When apomorphine was administered before a placebo, it increased thalamic neuronal activity and clinical improvement. The response lasted up to 24 hours.
A Yale University study found that infant girls at risk for autism exhibit better social attention and observational skills than boys, which may help prevent or mitigate the severity of autism symptoms in high-risk females.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have invented a new transistor that could revolutionize thin-film electronic devices with its bipolar action architecture. The device has power-handling capabilities up to 10 times greater than commercially produced transistors, making it suitable for flexible electronics applications.