Researchers found that just 1-10% of beta cells control islet responses to glucose, serving as pacemakers for insulin secretion. This discovery could pave the way for therapies targeting these 'hubs' to treat type 2 diabetes.
A key gene called AUF1 determines whether adult stem cells can regenerate muscle after injury and with age. The study found that mice engineered to lack the AUF1 gene showed reduced stem-cell-driven repair, leading to muscle breakdown.
A new study found that starting blood-thinning medications within 72 hours of hospital arrival significantly reduces the likelihood of life-threatening blood clots in patients with traumatic brain injury. The study also showed no increase in risk of bleeding complications or death.
Researchers at the University of Montana discovered a previously unknown second fungus that is part of the symbiotic relationship between an alga and a fungus in many common lichen species worldwide. The findings, published in Science, suggest that the definition of lichen should be revised to include multiple fungal partners.
Transgenic Huntington's disease monkeys exhibit a range of symptoms, including motor problems, neurodegeneration, emotional dysregulation, and immune system changes. The study strengthens the use of HD monkeys as a model for evaluating emerging treatments before human clinical trials.
Arrhythmotech aims to detect nerve activity using its device capable of detecting the body's fight-or-flight response on the skin. The company will collaborate with researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, with a goal of making its method widely available for research, education, and patient care.
Researchers discovered that metacyclic trypanosomes are highly infectious and can colonize the skin of mice, leading to systemic infection. A subpopulation of parasites stays in the skin for at least 7 days, multiplying and interacting with local fat cells and collagen fibers.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine showed significant improvement in strength and range of motion, as well as evidence for skeletal muscle regeneration in patients treated with bioscaffolds. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of regenerative medicine in i...
A new study found that sexual minority boys and girls are more likely to engage in unhealthy eating habits, with lesbian and bisexual girls facing a widening gap in rates. The study analyzed data from youth ages 12-18 and found disparities in disordered eating behaviors between sexual minority teens and their heterosexual peers.
A new study published in Pediatrics analyzed nearly 7,000 head impacts during a high school football team's season and post-season, finding that player-vs.-player hits resulted in the most severe impacts. The study's findings support recent guidelines encouraging players to avoid leading with their heads when hitting another player.
Research found that retained metabolites in the blood are associated with impaired cognitive function in patients with kidney failure. The study suggests that interventions may be necessary to safeguard the mental health of these patients.
The development of global standards for vaping products is essential to promote innovation and protect consumers. Different regulatory approaches in the EU and US can hinder growth and stifle innovation, as noted by British American Tobacco's Head of R&D, Marina Trani.
A new species of rain frog, Pristimantis prometeii, has been discovered in southwestern Ecuador and named after the Greek hero Prometheus. The frog grows to 2-3 cm and is part of a group of directly developing frogs that do not have an aquatic tadpole stage.
The new Askaryan Radio Array detector is making waves with its ability to penetrate through Antarctic ice and detect high-energy neutrinos. Scientists are optimistic about the potential for this technology to reveal secrets about the universe's origins and evolution.
The American Society of Hematology (ASH) has established a $3 million annual Bridge Grant program to support blood disease research. This initiative aims to ensure that promising researchers in hematology continue their work despite limited NIH funding.
Researchers identified ASCL1 as an essential protein in the development of small cell lung cancer, and deleting it in mice prevented cancer formation. The study highlights a new potential target for treatment, offering hope for improving survival rates for patients with this devastating disease.
Researchers have uncovered yeast as a hidden third partner in lichen symbiosis, producing chemicals that help ward off predators and repel microbes. This discovery explains the genetic similarities between genetically identical lichens with distinct physical features.
A recent study from the Neuromed Institute reveals that two previously separate processes converge into a single cell component, the autophagoproteasome. This discovery provides a new understanding of autophagy, a critical mechanism for cellular renewal and waste removal.
A new study reveals that the evolution of gut bacteria in humans and hominids parallels ape evolution, suggesting a long-term co-evolution between hosts and microbes. The research sheds light on the importance of the human microbiome and its connection to our evolutionary history.
Researchers have identified a panel of genes that can help predict whether a transplanted kidney will develop fibrosis, leading to organ failure. The study's findings have the potential to change how doctors monitor and manage renal transplant patients.
Research suggests that people with chronic low back pain are more likely to use illicit drugs, including marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Those with a history of illicit drug use are also more likely to have a prescription for opioid analgesics.
The LUX experiment has completed its search for dark matter, yielding no trace of a particle despite achieving record sensitivity. The results provide critical guidance for future dark matter experiments by eliminating potential models.
Six Canadian innovations, including a low-cost drill system and an HIV self-test application, will receive $10 million in scale-up funding from Grand Challenges Canada. The projects aim to improve global health in developing countries by providing innovative solutions for diseases such as diarrhea, cervical cancer, and HIV.
Researchers found that the direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia play a crucial role in controlling actions, with the direct pathway sustaining action and the indirect pathway allowing switching between actions. This new model could have therapeutic implications for treating diseases like OCD and ADHD.
A Cornell University study found that run-down schools contribute significantly to low test scores and poor academic achievement, accounting for 70% of the issue. Students attending such schools are more likely to miss classes and exhibit high absenteeism, hindering their ability to learn.
A five-year program project grant will investigate the genetic basis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The research aims to develop a more personalized medicine approach to ARDS and VILI, enabling physicians to make informed medical decisions.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a dielectric elastomer with broad motion range that requires relatively low voltage and no rigid components. This innovation addresses key challenges in soft actuation and opens doors for various applications in soft robotics.
Researchers designed and built large protein icosahedra with potential applications in targeted drug delivery and vaccine development. The structures were created using computational and biochemical approaches, allowing for the design of complex structures from scratch.
A DNA-modulating drug, BET inhibitor, attenuates CF lung inflammation by suppressing Th17 cell response and inflammatory factor release. In a mouse model, BET inhibitor treatment decreases lung inflammation without promoting infection, suggesting potential therapeutic use for CF patients.
Scientists at Hokkaido University measured eye pressure in sleeping patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome for the first time, discovering an unexpected correlation between the two conditions. This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms underlying glaucoma development in patients with OSAS.
A new study found that background noise in homes and schools impairs toddlers' word learning skills. However, providing additional language cues can aid young children in overcoming this difficulty. The research suggests that reducing background noise or highlighting important information can help children learn effectively.
A breakthrough in quantum tomography has been achieved by RMIT researchers, demonstrating a new technique that significantly reduces resources and improves robustness against noise. This innovation enables the characterisation of large quantum states, a critical bottleneck in quantum information science.
A new study led by William Kerr of SUNY Upstate Medical University found that SHIP1 inhibition improved metabolic phenotypes in mice fed a high-fat diet. The results showed that SHIP1 inhibition prevented excess weight gain, improved blood sugar control, and reduced inflammation in adipose tissue.
Researchers at MIT develop a method to stack hundreds of nanoscale layers, producing strong and conductive composites. The technique, inspired by pastry-making, enables the creation of materials with tailored properties for various applications.
A study confirms a rare case of mutualism between humans and a wild animal, the Yao tribe's use of a distinct call to attract a bird species as a honeyguide resulting in 75% successful discovery of beehives. Researchers found that the 'brrr-hm' call increased the probability of being guided by a honeyguide from 33% to 66%.
People who have recently attempted to quit smoking are more likely to try to drink less alcohol. They report lower levels of alcohol consumption and are less likely to binge drink compared to other smokers. This finding goes against the common assumption that quitters tend to increase their drinking.
A new study identifies nearly 1.37 billion hectares of land globally suitable for oil palm cultivation, while avoiding protected forests and high-biodiversity areas. The resulting map includes 19.3 million hectares of land that could be available for future production, slightly more than the current extent of palm oil production.
Researchers designed an engineered protein to repress a specific cancer-promoting message within cells, paving the way for precise treatments with fewer side effects. The protein, Rbfox2, was modified to bind to microRNA miR-21, which is present in high levels in many tumors.
Researchers found that each 1% decrease in trauma center volume is linked to a two-fold worsening in patient survival odds. The study suggests that unnecessary trauma centers can have a significant negative impact on patient outcomes.
Researchers found that lateral groundwater flow uniquely affects plant transpiration, making it up to 30 times greater than evaporation from shallow soil. Including this process in earth system models is crucial as changes in the water table become more common.
A new review of epidemiological evidence reveals a causal link between alcohol and cancer at seven sites: oropharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum, and female breast. The strongest evidence comes from meta-analyses and dose-response relationships.
A new study discovered 172 novel cancer gene-drug combinations that selectively kill cancer cells without harming healthy cells. This breakthrough expands the number of actionable mutations and provides a promising approach to personalized cancer therapy.
Researchers have identified molecular pathways required for the development of mucormycosis, a fatal infection in patients with weakened immune systems. The study provides new insights into the evolution of Mucorales fungi and offers potential therapeutic targets.
The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment has completed its search for dark matter with sensitivity far exceeding expectations, but yielded no trace of a dark matter particle. This result eliminates many potential models for dark matter particles, offering critical guidance for the next generation of dark matter experiments.
Researchers studied the effects of different spin types on cricket ball trajectory. They found that adding top-spin to a delivery can reduce pitch length by up to 25cm, while introducing side-spin can produce significant drift. The study aims to help newcomers master spin-bowling and potentially benefit tennis players.
A multi-university research team found that researchers and practitioners share common interests in reducing pay inequality, improving employee morale, and leveraging technological innovation. The study suggests four steps for business schools to improve collaboration: promoting research findings, creating a new journal focused on prac...
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a new route of entry for the tuberculosis bacteria, suggesting an alternative to traditional inhalation-based transmission. This finding opens up potential avenues for developing new therapies to prevent or treat tuberculosis infection.
Researchers found that long-term antibiotic treatment decreased levels of amyloid plaques and activated inflammatory microglial cells in mice brains, while altering the gut microbiome. The study suggests a link between the gut microbiome's composition and immune system activity impacting Alzheimer's disease progression.
A new species of scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes barrybrowni, has been discovered in the Caribbean by a team of scientists using a manned submersible. The fish is found at depths between 95m and 160m, making it the deepest-living member of its genus in the western Atlantic Ocean.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology suggests that larger brains are more susceptible to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease due to weaker long-distance connections. The researchers found that the global architecture of cortical networks in primates and rodents follows common principles, with primate brai...
Researchers at Colorado School of Mines have developed a unique model that integrates processes not often captured in existing water models, including lateral groundwater flow. The study found a significant increase in water supply from transpiration when including lateral groundwater flow, paving the way for better global water models.
A new Stanford-led analysis reveals that introducing snail-eating prawns to local water sources is the most effective way to reduce schistosomiasis prevalence, outperforming drug-only treatment by over 90%. This approach has consistently proven effective in controlling the disease globally.
A study of 869 Tsimane women over 12 years found that high birthrates do not significantly impact maternal health, contrary to expectations. Despite a harsh environment with limited nutrition and high parasite exposure, women experience minimal health costs from their intense reproductive effort.
Researchers will investigate how vasopressin and serotonin act on the brain to alter responsivity to social stress in males and females. The project aims to define the basic brain mechanisms involved in regulating social behavior, with potential translational impacts for psychiatric disorders like PTSD.
University of Adelaide physicists discovered the timing of electronic orders on the stock market follows a Weibull distribution similar to light bulb lifetimes, showing rational behavior when intervals exceed 10 milliseconds. The finding could help predict dramatic movements and detect irregularities in market abuse.
Researchers are working to identify demographic and clinical factors that distinguish individuals under 50 with colon cancer from those without the disease. The study aims to develop a risk-based screening system, potentially including blood stool tests or other less invasive tests for high-risk groups.
A study examined regional radiotherapy practice patterns for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and their effect on mastectomy use. Women living in areas with high radiotherapy rates were more likely to undergo mastectomy despite being eligible for breast-conserving surgery.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina and partner institutions have made significant strides in understanding HIV latency, a key obstacle to eradicating the virus. The team has developed effective strategies, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, to reverse latency and boost the immune system.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated self-organizing pattern formation in active materials at microscale by modifying one parameter. The study uses Janus colloids to experimentally test collective, dynamic behavior, creating swarms, chains, clusters, and isotropic gases.
Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital discovered brain shrinkage, reduced blood flow, and white matter damage in college athletes with a history of concussion. These findings suggest that even young, healthy adults may be affected by repeated head injuries.