Researchers improved understanding of the process that stops reactions in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), a clean energy technology that has struggled to gain wide acceptance. The study found that an electric field can prevent failures and improve system performance by capturing the complexity of the triple-phase boundary.
Scientists from the AWI have correctly simulated the Eocene warm climate phase using climate models, overcoming a previous weakness due to misinterpreting the temperature indicator TEX86. The corrected temperatures reveal that the region was still warm enough for palm trees to grow on beaches.
Researchers have developed a technique to program stem cells to grow new cartilage on a 3-D template shaped like the ball of a hip joint. The cartilage can release anti-inflammatory molecules to fend off arthritis. The discovery may provide an alternative to hip-replacement surgery, particularly in younger patients.
Jeff Shamma, a King Abdullah University of Science & Technology professor, has been elected as an IFAC Fellow for his significant contributions to linear parameter varying systems and multiagent systems. He joins a prestigious list of global academics and experts in the field of control and systems engineering.
Researchers have created biohybrid robots that crawl like sea turtles on the beach, combining tissues from a sea slug with flexible 3-D printed components. The robots are designed to be compliant and interact with their environment, making them suitable for tasks such as searching for toxic leaks or lost flight data recorders.
Kansas State University researchers are investigating whether people have the same emotional connections with animals when watching them through live webcams and in real life. The study uses a
NJIT will receive $20 million in capital funding to renovate classrooms and laboratory spaces, with a focus on creating a cutting-edge Makerspace. The facility will provide state-of-the-art equipment and resources for students, faculty, and regional companies, fostering innovation and collaboration.
A new study reveals a significant relationship between chronic periodontitis and lacunar infarct, two common diseases affecting the elderly. The study suggests that periodontitis may lead to systemic inflammation, increasing the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases.
Researchers identified STN1 gene mutations as the cause of Coats plus syndrome, a telomeropathy that affects multiple tissues. The study found that cells with dysfunctional telomeres and decreased capacity to divide were characteristic of patients with Coats plus syndrome.
A new study describes a scalable solution for transforming health-care delivery in primary care into the PCMH model. A simplified form of cognitive task analysis (CTA) was used to analyze how doctors' office staff thought about and delivered care, advising them on improvements.
By inducing autophagy, researchers at Drexel University and Yale University decreased lung injury in mice exposed to high oxygen levels, offering a potential solution for preventing chronic lung conditions like Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
Researchers from the University of Sydney and the University of Potsdam have uncovered a distinct two-phase separation process for continental breakup, involving gradual rifting and eventual rapid subsidence. The study highlights a phenomenon difficult to explain within conventional plate tectonics, shedding new light on the process.
A Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center study found that Zyprexa (olanzapine) is linked to the highest risk of weight gain, while Geodon (ziprasidone) and Seroquel (quetiapine) were not associated with an increase in body mass index. The study suggests balancing treatment risks and benefits for children and teens with ASD.
The Rio Grande is a vital lifeline for the southwestern US and northern Mexico, but its water level is declining due to growing demand. A new study proposes four policy recommendations to strengthen water resources management, including reciprocal water re-distribution, expertise sharing, and small-scale sustainability strategies.
The HPTN 052 study found a significant reduction in HIV transmission when the infected person starts antiretroviral therapy at a higher CD4 cell count. Researchers also discovered that 93% of HIV transmission was prevented with early treatment initiation.
Scientists create a film that curls up and straightens autonomously when exposed to tiny changes in humidity, using it to transform environmental fluctuations into mechanical energy. The film can jump high and repeatedly bend and straighten without deterioration.
Researchers have developed a method to control sound waves using acoustic voxels, small hollow cube-shaped chambers that can modify acoustic filtering properties. This enables the creation of unique acoustic signatures for objects, potentially replacing QR codes and RFID tags.
A study found that the novelty factor is a key motivator for e-cigarette use among adolescents, with nearly 70% having heard about e-cigarettes and over 10% using them. E-cigarette use was more common among male respondents who were already using cigarettes and other tobacco products.
Researchers reveal that unusual DNA repeat elements on inactive X chromosomes are crucial for maintaining the three-dimensional structure of this female-specific genetic phenomenon. The study uses genome engineering techniques to demonstrate the importance of these repeats, opening a new era of genomics research.
Engineered CAR T cells targeting multiple tumor antigens show improved anti-tumor activity and survival rates in an animal model of glioblastoma. This approach could lead to more effective immunotherapies for certain types of cancer.
Researchers collected unique data set after 2014 South Napa earthquake, showing afterslip concentrated in loosely packed sediment. This helps address question: Can geology be used as proxy for fault behavior? The findings have significant implications for earthquake hazard models and planning response.
Researchers have created gas biosensors that enable real-time monitoring of microbial gene expression in soil samples, allowing for the study of horizontal gene transfer and its impact on environmental processes. The technique has the potential to improve crop growth through more efficient watering and fertilizer use.
The monthly dapivirine vaginal ring provides significant protection against HIV infection in women, with consistent use reducing risk by at least 56%. Two open-label studies have launched to further investigate the product's efficacy and support its consistent use.
A new study from New York University neuroscientists reveals the brain's role in decision-making. By using confidence to gauge errors, the brain revises its approach, even in complex situations like medical diagnoses and financial investments.
Scientists at McMaster University have discovered a clear way to measure past changes in vitamin D deficiency, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide. They analyzed the microscopic structure of ancient teeth to reveal anomalies formed in dentin layers during periods of low sun exposure.
A newly discovered ancient turtle fossil reveals that the turtle shell initially evolved for burrowing, not protection. The fossil, about 15 cm long, was found by an 8-year-old boy and helps solve a long-standing mystery in the field of evolutionary biology.
Empa researchers develop new flame retardants with improved flame retardancy and no toxic effects, highlighting the importance of toxicological cross-checking before mass production. The newly developed EDA-DOPO is a good candidate for further development, showing better safety and effectiveness than previously available products.
Researchers at the University of Leicester found that hospital admissions for hypoglycemia have risen by 39% between 2005 and 2014, with almost 80,000 people admitted. The average cost per admission is estimated to be £1,000, with the total cost of treating severe episodes in the UK around £13 million.
A study has found that a father's metabolic health can be passed to his children and grandchildren, increasing their risk of developing metabolic disease. The research discovered that obese fathers are putting their sons at risk of developing fatty liver disease and pre-diabetic symptoms.
A new study found that people with asthma living near larger or bigger fracking industry wells in Pennsylvania are 1.5-4 times more likely to experience asthma attacks. The researchers identified a significant increase in asthma attacks among patients living closer to these wells, particularly during the production phase.
A study of over 35,000 patients with asthma found that living near areas with high residential unconventional natural gas development activity was associated with a higher risk of asthma exacerbations. The study estimated air pollution and exposure metrics using distance, well characteristics, and phase duration.
A new study found bariatric surgery significantly improved functional mobility and reduced musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. Positive effects on walking speed, resting heart rate, and post-test heart rates were observed as early as six months after surgery and persisted for two years.
Researchers have developed self-assembling particles that can change shape in response to light, mimicking natural transformations. The team engineered particles a micrometer in width, enabling the creation of exotic colloidal geometries.
Researchers found that using the dapivirine ring consistently provided significant protection against HIV, with high adherence associated with better HIV protection. The study's results coincide with the start of the HOPE open-label study, which will gather additional information on the ring's safety and effectiveness.
A recent study by researchers at University of Alabama at Birmingham found that imposing a mild to moderate strain on muscles and nerves can provoke symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Participants with CFS reported significantly increased body pain and concentration difficulties during the procedure, as well as greater symptom inten...
A Drexel University study reveals that sugary soft drinks are 160% more expensive per fluid ounce than healthier alternative milk. Taxing sugary beverages could help level the price difference and encourage healthier options, with a potential impact on lower-income consumers.
Researchers investigate physical properties of nanoparticles to enhance therapeutic delivery, focusing on size as a critical factor. The study provides valuable insights for generating uniform nanoparticles with high yields and targeted cell uptake.
Tropical Cyclone Abela formed on July 16 in the Southern Indian Ocean, with NASA's RapidScat instrument measuring winds of up to 67 mph near its center. The cyclone is forecast to move west-southwest towards Madagascar and weaken due to adverse atmospheric conditions.
Researchers will investigate chemical reactions causing nuclear waste to change over time. The goal is to predict these changes and design effective methods for remediation and safe disposal of highly radioactive materials.
Researchers have discovered that an essential function for computing may be possible within a space so small that it's effectively one-dimensional. The team found that with the new material, electric currents move in a more phased way, beginning first at the edges before appearing in the interior.
A new study found that an intranasal flu vaccine led to the production of T cells in the lungs that provided long-term protection against multiple flu strains, including those not present in the vaccine. This could provide universal protection against emerging viral strains.
Researchers analyzed 571 games from 1983-2014 and found that female character sexualization peaked in the 1990s and declined after 2007. The study provides a comprehensive look at female characters in video games over time, challenging previous assumptions about stereotypical portrayals.
Researchers found that deploying crash-avoidance technologies in vehicles could prevent up to 1.3 million crashes per year, including 10,100 fatal wrecks. The study estimates a net benefit of $202 billion or $861 per car, with potential for larger benefits over time.
A new character animation technique has been developed by Disney Research, eliminating unsightly artifacts that occur when bending joints in computer animations. The method uses pre-computed centers of rotation to calculate skin deformation, minimizing volume losses and bulging.
A new species of venomous snake, Talamancan Palm-Pitviper, was discovered in Costa Rica after being mistaken for its close relative, the Black-Speckled Palm-Pitviper. The team used genetic analysis and museum collections to confirm the discovery.
A novel technique adapts image contrast to eliminate lighting effects, improving face recognition accuracy. The method uses an extended reflectance model with Fuzzy Inference System and Genetic Algorithm for real-time implementation.
The National Stem Cell Foundation has funded a grant to study how astrocytes can be manipulated to halt or prevent neurodegeneration in diseases like MS and Parkinson's. The researchers aim to advance understanding of cell cross-talk in the central nervous system.
The GW Cancer Center will train patients and healthcare providers on how to improve communications for better health, with a focus on patient health literacy and cultural sensitivity. The project aims to examine the impact of various factors such as gender, race, and income on the patient-provider relationship.
A satellite image captured by GOES-West showed an open circulation with clouds to the northeast of the remnant low center. The surface low, ex-Tropical Cyclone Celia, was centered about 300 miles northeast of Honolulu on July 18 and moving west at 10 mph.
Researchers studied ocean bacteria to understand how they find food and developed a mathematical model of their behavior. They found that fast-swimming bugs change direction frequently to target food, which could inspire the development of friendly bacteria engineered to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer.
Edward Nikonowicz will investigate a gene-regulating switch that could lead to the development of new antibiotics, targeting Bacillus anthracis bacteria.
New research reveals that continental breakup proceeds through a two-phase speed evolution, where initial slow extension is followed by rapid acceleration. This process can lead to the formation of rifted continental margins with enhanced faulting and volcanic activity.
Researchers successfully applied concepts of classical holography to the world of quantum phenomena, registering the first ever hologram of a single light particle. The technique enables registration of quantum interference in which wave functions of photons interact.
A team of researchers from top institutions, including PNNL and Washington State University, will study the chemistry of radioactive waste to accelerate cleanup efforts. The goal is to understand how radiation affects materials and constituents in waste tanks, ultimately reducing processing time and expense.
A randomized controlled trial found that nasal irrigation improved symptoms of chronic sinus congestion in patients, while steam inhalation did not alleviate symptoms. Nasal irrigation was also associated with reduced use of over-the-counter medications and fewer doctor visits.
A study published in PNAS highlights two protective mechanisms compromised in macular degeneration. Drugs that target immune abnormalities and cholesterol levels may slow or prevent the condition, which affects 2 million Americans.
Researchers aim to detect insider threats before they occur by analyzing digital forensic traces and identifying abnormal patterns in employee behavior. The new technology has the potential to prevent corporate espionage and widespread breaches like those committed by Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden.
NASA's RapidScat instrument revealed a cloud-filled eye in Hurricane Darby, with sustained winds exceeding 67 mph. The storm is expected to weaken further over the next 48 hours, becoming a tropical storm later today.
A new rare genetic condition has been discovered, characterized by severe infections and lung disease in infants. The NSMCE3 gene mutations were found to be responsible for the devastating symptoms, offering a potential explanation and diagnostic tool for this deadly disease.
Studies on nonhuman primates spark debate over ethics of infection challenges, with experts arguing for stricter safeguards to balance human need with animal welfare
Researchers have determined the structure and function of an enzyme called Rumi, which adds a glucose molecule to several signaling proteins. This modification plays a crucial role in turning genes on and off inside cells, and alterations to Rumi have been linked to certain cancers.
A new study suggests that eating low-FODMAP rye bread may help alleviate IBS symptoms. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome can benefit from increasing their fiber intake through modified foods like rye bread.
A study at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that genetic mutations in DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are present in 15% of colorectal cancer cases. The study identified MSH2 and MSH6 as the most commonly affected genes, providing a new approach to diagnosis and treatment using precision medicine.
A Phase II trial suggests that brentuximab vedotin can cure some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who have relapsed despite previous therapies. The study reports that 13 of 34 patients who achieved complete remission remained disease-free for over five years.
A clinical trial found that HIV-infected mothers taking a three-drug antiretroviral regimen during breastfeeding can virtually eliminate HIV transmission to their infants. The study, which included over 2,400 pairs from sub-Saharan Africa and India, showed nearly all babies survived their first year of life.
Using a drug-infused vaginal ring most of the time significantly reduced HIV infection risk in women by at least 56 percent, according to an exploratory analysis of data from the ASPIRE study. High adherence was associated with a risk reduction of potentially 75 percent or more.
International researchers at ANU have discovered an enzyme that senses adverse drought and sunlight conditions, enabling plants to respond with beneficial chemical compounds. This breakthrough could lead to the development of next-generation drought-proof crops, crucial for global food security.
Researchers have developed a new device to repair the mitral heart valve without open-heart surgery. The procedure, which uses an image-guided device to deploy artificial cords, simplifies the process and reduces operating room time, resulting in improved safety and outcomes for patients.
A computational design tool developed by Disney Research enables users to create delicate, yet structurally sound, 3D objects with interconnected shapes. The tool helps identify and strengthen weak areas in the designs, making it possible for the general public to create beautiful artifacts that also withstand handling and shipping.
A Queen's University researcher has challenged traditional explanations for the origin of birds' flight. His findings suggest that wings may have initially served signaling or sexual selection purposes rather than flying.
Researchers found that circulating tumor DNA is smaller than healthy DNA in cancer patients, allowing for more accurate detection through a simple blood draw. This advancement could enable earlier detection of solid tumors, potentially saving lives.
A new study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience found that cognitive training improves executive function and memory, while aerobic exercise increases global brain flow. The study also showed that both mental and physical exercises produce observable benefits for brain health.
A team of researchers has successfully sequenced the genome of 6,000-year-old Chalcolithic barley grains, revealing genetic similarities with present-day barley grown in the Southern Levant. The study provides new insights into the origins of barley domestication and suggests that it occurred in the Upper Jordan Valley.
Researchers developed molecular probes to detect genes converting mercury into its highly toxic organic form, with a 94% confirmation rate. The technology can help determine the amount of methylmercury in water and sediment, aiding environmental managers and governments in protecting human health.
A recent study published in Diabetologia found that moderate-intensity exercise was as effective as a combination of diet and exercise in improving glucose control for individuals with pre-diabetes. Moderate exercise was shown to provide nearly the same benefit on glucose tolerance as the gold standard of fat and calorie restriction al...
Biochemists at the University of California San Diego develop synthetic membranes that can grow and remodel themselves like living mammalian cells. This breakthrough enables researchers to better understand lipid remodeling and its applications in drug targeting and disease mechanisms.
Researchers found daily meetings between physicians and intensivists, care protocols, and pharmacist presence are associated with increased survival rates among cancer patients in ICUs. These simple processes can reduce mortality by up to 70% and promote cost reduction.
The HPTN 052 study found that antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides durable protection against HIV transmission from infected individuals to their uninfected partners. The trial showed a 93% reduction in HIV transmission when ART was started early, with no observed transmission when viral replication was stably suppressed.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in perovskite solar cells by developing a hydrophobic conducting polymer that improves efficiency and stability without additives. The new cells retain high performance over two months in humid conditions, paving the way for commercialization.
Biologists have developed an algorithm predicting protein cluster structure, enabling faster understanding of cellular functions and potential treatments. The new method is up to 100 times faster than previous methods, taking just 15 minutes to run on a personal computer.
Australian researchers use 3-D printing to create a resonant microwave cavity via an aluminum-silicon alloy that boasts superconductivity when cooled below the critical temperature of aluminum. The study explores the superconducting properties of 3-D printed parts and demonstrates the potential for rapid prototyping in various fields.
Researchers discovered 122 genetic regions linked to immune cell infiltration in tumors, which could inform the development of future immunotherapies. The study analyzed a large public genomic database and identified new leads for cancer immunology research.
A research team has demonstrated that energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) can be used to image individual electron orbits within atoms. This technique allows for penetration down to the subatomic level, opening up new possibilities for the study of atomic structures.
Researchers discovered gut bacteria in the deepest reaches of failing lungs, which was previously thought to be an impossible environment for them. The more severe critical illness, the more gut bugs outnumbered usual lung bacteria.
A Georgia State University study found that losing private health insurance from an employer can lead to increased symptoms of depression and limitations in daily activities among older adults in early retirement. The loss of employment-based insurance was associated with poorer health outcomes, even when retirees sought non-group insu...
The study reveals significant productivity losses due to heat stress, with potential GDP losses of up to $2 trillion by 2030. Climate change exacerbates health risks from disasters like floods, cyclones, and landslides, affecting millions in the Asia Pacific region.
Researchers at Harvard have discovered a whole new class of high-performing organic molecules that can store electricity safely and efficiently in large batteries. These molecules are inspired by vitamin B2 and offer improved stability and solubility compared to previous discoveries.
Researchers at Duke University used fast-changing mouse lemur DNA to paint a picture of Madagascar's forested past. The study suggests that the island was not as tree-covered as previously thought, with grasslands and woodlands dominating the center of the island before human arrival.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur have created a live, genetically attenuated vaccine for Plasmodium that triggers a potent immune response and provides long-term protection against malaria. The vaccine uses a mutated gene that boosts the production of an IL-6 cytokine, resulting in a strong cellular and humoral response.
Researchers discovered that cells from HIV-infected people with suppressed virus harbor defective HIV DNA that can produce HIV-related proteins. This finding may explain persistent immune activation during suppressive treatment and pose a potential barrier to an HIV cure.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that poor African American men have the lowest overall survival rate compared to other demographic groups. The research, which analyzed data from over 3,700 participants, showed a nearly 2.7 times higher risk of death among African American men living below poverty.
A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences analyzed DNA from five different mouse lemur species to understand Madagascar's past. The analysis revealed that the island was once linked by a patchwork of forested areas, enabling mouse lemurs to disperse over tens of thousands of years between different regions.
Researchers propose combining multiple methods to identify cheating athletes, including hemoglobin mass, gene expression changes, ironomics, and blood storage-related biomarkers. These new tools offer a potential solution to detecting autologous blood transfusions.
Researchers harness 3D x-ray imaging technology and computer simulations to understand the effect of stainless steel horseshoes on skeletal stresses in horses. The method was used effectively in a preliminary case study, paving the way for new research directions to minimize foot injuries.
New research suggests that greater fluctuations in 'bad' cholesterol levels may be associated with lower cognitive performance in elderly adults. The study found that participants with the highest LDL cholesterol variability took longer to complete a cognitive test, indicating poorer brain health.
A systematic review of 69 studies found that VA facilities offer similar or superior quality care in some areas, such as mortality rates and preventive services. The study suggests that the VA healthcare system compares favorably with other health care settings.
Researchers found liver is the major site for elimination and recycling of red blood cells, contradicting previous belief that spleen plays a key role. The study identified bone-marrow-derived immune cells as the main recycling cells, which accumulate in the liver and recycle iron.
The HOPE study will build on the ASPIRE trial results, gathering more information on the dapivirine ring's safety and effectiveness in reducing HIV risk. The study aims to understand why the ring works for some women but not others.
Researchers at Delft University of Technology develop a memory that stores information atom by atom using chlorine atoms, reaching a storage density of 500 Terabits per square inch. The innovative method uses a scanning tunneling microscope and offers excellent prospects for stability and scalability.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and EPFL develop a computational design tool that enables designers to fully exploit the unique property of auxetic materials, which can expand uniformly in two dimensions. The tool allows for the creation of complex 3D shapes using flat sheets of plastic or metal.
Tropical Storm Estelle is strengthening in the Eastern Pacific Ocean with NASA satellite imagery showing a developing eye surrounded by powerful thunderstorms. The storm's cloud tops are near minus 80 Celsius, indicating strong convection and potential hurricane formation.
Resistant hypertension patients with sleep apnea are at higher risk of ischemic heart events and congestive heart failure compared to those without resistant hypertension. The study included 470,386 hypertensive individuals and found no significant differences in stroke and premature death risks between the two groups.
Scientists at Saint Louis University are studying an investigational vaccine for yellow fever, a potentially deadly disease spread by the same mosquito that transmits Zika virus. The vaccine aims to provide protection to vulnerable groups who are at increased risk of complications if they receive the current vaccine.
Researchers at Ohio State University have identified a potential gene-based treatment for Candida albicans, which can cause deadly hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. By targeting the CBLB gene, the immune system can be boosted to effectively combat the infection.
Scholars propose five guidelines to prevent disputes over frozen embryos, including clear contract language, requiring a binding agreement, and anticipating potential tragedies. These recommendations aim to provide clarity for the estimated million frozen embryos in the US, reducing uncertainty and shifting terrain of varying state laws.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new method for uniting light-harvesting photonic nanomaterials with high-efficiency metal catalysts. The 'antenna-reactor' design produces a significant improvement in selectivity, turning a poison into a valuable commodity and offering potential energy savings and improved efficiency.
ZIK B CUBE researchers study the role of internal interfaces in biological tissues formation and function using marine shells like pen shell Pinna nobilis and glass spicules of deep-sea sponge Monorhaphis chuni. The team aims to establish thermodynamic and mechanical models for smart composite materials design.
Researchers created a liver on a chip that accurately replicates the metabolic variations found throughout the organ. The microfluidic device allows for fine control over liver cell metabolism, enabling the study of the effects of toxins and new drugs on the liver.
A study published in the Journal of Bacteriology found that two genes, ArsS and ArsR, play a crucial role in regulating biofilm formation in H. pylori. The researchers created strains with mutations in these genes and observed that they formed thicker and more rapid biofilms.
Astronomers confirm 104 exoplanets outside our solar system using NASA's Kepler spacecraft on its K2 mission. The discoveries include a planetary system with four promising rocky planets orbiting the M dwarf star K2-72.
Researchers found that a non-surgical treatment using patient's own bone marrow stem cells improved symptoms and increased physical activity in patients with angina. The treatment involved injecting a 'catalyst' molecule to stimulate stem cell migration into the bloodstream, followed by re-injection of harvested stem cells.
A new pilot study evaluates an online decision-support tool called the Decision Counseling Program, which increases rates of active surveillance among men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer. Patients who used the tool reported feeling less conflicted about their treatment decisions.
A new study finds that variations in the 16p11.2 genomic region are distinctively linked to specific cognitive domains in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Differences emerged between deletion and duplication carriers, suggesting a complex association between genetic alterations and brain function.
A genetic mutation in the lysyl oxidase gene has been identified as a cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Researchers have found that this mutation disrupts the structure and strength of the aorta, leading to increased risk of rupture.
The study found that brains with more variability and frequent connections tend to have higher IQs and creativity. This discovery could lead to advancements in artificial intelligence and a better understanding of mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and ADHD.
A new simulation and measurement method for anthropogenic global warming was created by researchers at the University of California San Diego, isolating human activities' contribution to surface waters of the Pacific Ocean. The study's findings show that human-induced warming can be distinguished from natural variability.
Researchers at University of Cambridge identify mechanism behind rapid protein build-up in Alzheimer's disease, finding healthy proteins on fibrils drive self-replication. This discovery may lead to new ways to control plaque formation and slow disease progression.
A new study reveals that children's brains need healthy activation before preschool to develop learning and memory functions. Younger rats showed latent memories that were retained until later life, while older rats formed lasting memories through a critical period in brain development.
A toxic Alzheimer's protein can spread through the brain via the extracellular space, jumping from neuron to neuron. The spread of tau may explain why only one area of the brain is affected in early stages but multiple areas are affected later.
Researchers have detected high levels of KIM-1, a biomarker for kidney injury, as well as arsenic and chromium in children's urine in a region of Mexico with high incidence of chronic kidney disease. The findings suggest that early exposure to environmental toxins may lead to irreversible harm if not addressed.
The VA healthcare system generally delivers safe and effective care similar to other health systems, with some exceptions. However, studies on timeliness, equity, efficiency, and patient-centeredness show mixed results.
A new Northwestern University study shows that infants can discern between categories as early as 9 months old, depending on the names used to describe them. This finding highlights the impact of language on cognitive development, suggesting that naming influences the identification of discrete categories in infants.
Scientists have developed a way to upsize nanostructures into light, flexible 3-D printed materials with unprecedented scalability. The new process creates lightweight, strong and super elastic materials with a 400 percent increase in tensile elasticity over conventional metals and ceramic foams.
Researchers identify LOX gene mutations as cause of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in family study, providing biological mechanism and possible therapeutic targets. The discovery illuminates the genetic basis of a rare disease and may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for patients with this condition.
Research by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health sheds light on the relentless spread of HIV in South African communities, particularly among adolescent girls and young women. The studies found that Prevotella bivia and Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria increase vulnerability to HIV through inflammation and pH imbalance.
Researchers identify Cloche, a bHLH-PAS transcription factor, as the key gene controlling blood vessel and blood cell development in embryos. The discovery, made after 20 years of searching, has significant implications for regenerative medicine and personalized stem cell therapy.
Researchers from the University of Houston have reported a critical step toward large-scale manufacture of better and less-expensive solar panels. They discovered how perovskite thin films change structure upon gentle heating, crucial for designing a manufacturing process that can consistently produce high-efficiency solar panels.
A Canadian hospital implemented strategies to reduce operating room traffic, which led to a significant decrease in orthopedic surgical site infections. The hospital reduced door openings from 42-70 to 3.2 per case, resulting in a 1.7% decrease in SSIs.
A high-fat Mediterranean diet with no restrictions on fat intake may reduce the risk of breast cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular events. The diet's monounsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio, fruit and vegetable intake, and moderate red wine consumption are key components that contribute to these benefits.
Hummingbirds process visual information uniquely to navigate through dense vegetation at high speeds. They rely on the size of objects to determine distance and use image velocity to assess altitude.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Thoracic Society recommend a 7-day or fewer antibiotic course for most hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) infections. Hospitals should create antibiograms to determine causative strains and ensure effective treatment.
Researchers have developed a novel graphene photodetector that can efficiently detect low-energy photons using vertical heterostructures. The device harnesses the photo-thermionic effect to extract hot electrons from graphene, enabling fast and efficient optoelectronic applications.
Germany can expect increased flood losses due to climate change, with potential damages reaching up to 500 million euros per year, according to a recent study. The research suggests that without adaptation, flood-related damage could multiply in the future.
A team of researchers from Tufts University has successfully integrated sensors, electronics, and microfluidics into threads to create a 'smart' thread that can collect diagnostic data wirelessly in real-time. The thread-based platform shows promise for implantable diagnostic devices and smart wearable systems.
Researchers will assess treatment of asymptomatic babies born with congenital CMV and investigate frequency of neonatal herpes infections in the US and Peru. Early detection and close follow-up can lessen the effects of congenital CMV in infants.
Researchers at Lund University have measured the flow of solar energy within and between different parts of a photosynthetic organism, revealing more efficient routes for transporting energy. This basic research could lead to the development of more efficient solar cell technologies.
Researchers discover DXZ4 repeats play a crucial role in superloop formation on the inactive X chromosome. The discovery sheds light on female development and has implications for 3D genome engineering.
The American College of Rheumatology has received a $335,000 grant from the Office of Minority Health to develop an expert-informed program model that improves health outcomes for people with lupus in rural and underserved areas. The program aims to increase awareness and access to care for patients living with lupus.
A team of researchers at UCSF and UC Berkeley identified duramycin as an effective blocker of Zika virus infection in human cells. The study reveals two potential routes for the virus to reach the fetus and shows that duramycin can prevent birth defects associated with microcephaly.
A study of childhood cancer survivors found that most had no reported psychological symptoms, but those who did often experienced multiple symptoms and distinct profiles. The researchers emphasize the need for robust screening efforts and identification of appropriate treatments to help prevent behavioral, emotional, and social problems.
Children exposed to parental substance misuse are at risk of developmental delays, mental health problems, and substance use disorders. Pediatricians can assess risk and intervene with families, providing access to resources and breaking multigenerational cycles of abuse.
Researchers found that different tree species employ unique strategies to acquire nutrients, with thicker roots avoiding hot spots and thinner roots relying on fungal partnerships. Understanding these strategies can help predict forest responses to climate change.