NASA's RapidScat instrument measured surface wind speeds exceeding 30 meters per second, while the GPM core satellite detected rainfall rates of up to 33 mm/h near Hurricane Celia's eye wall. The storm weakened to a tropical storm on July 13, with forecasted weakening continuing over the next 48 hours.
Scientists have created a detailed structural model of aerolysin, a bacterial toxin that causes gastroenteritis and sepsis. The high-resolution imaging reveals the toxin's mechanism of action, including its formation of a pore in target cells.
Johns Hopkins researchers track brain activity as participants make choices entirely on their own, pinpointing the parietal lobe's role in attention switching and frontal cortex involvement in deliberation. The findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying human volition and decision-making.
Researchers have fabricated dissolvable carbon steel structures using 3D printing technology that can provide temporary support for components of larger stainless steel structures. The new approach reduces post-processing needed for 3D-printed metal components.
SNMMI recognized Peter Herscovitch and Satoshi Minoshima for their contributions to the field of nuclear medicine through various awards. Dominique Delbeke received the Presidential Distinguished Educator Award for her work as editor of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
A new study has revealed multiple leads for pursuing potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease by targeting a structural flaw in brain cells. The researchers found that the tau protein aggregates in the brains of patients disrupt the lamin nucleoskeleton, leading to DNA relaxation and gene activation.
Scientists have developed graphene-infused packaging that reduces water vapor permeability by a million fold, allowing for longer product lifespans. The material was shown to extend the lifetime of an organic light-emitting diode from less than 30 minutes to over 1 year.
Researchers found that networks based on affiliative behaviors, like preening and sharing food, play a major role in transmitting information among ravens. These social connections, especially between siblings, emphasize the importance of family ties in learning.
A systematic literature review by The Dartmouth Institute found that multicomponent strategies targeting both patient and clinician involvement are effective in reducing low-value care. These interventions include providing feedback to physicians and medical staff on their use of low-value services.
A study of 3.9 million adults found that obesity is associated with an increased risk of premature death, with the greatest effect in men. The risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease, and cancer are all increased, resulting in a three-fold greater excess risk of premature death among men compared to women.
Researchers from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory propose a theoretical framework for estimating population density in networks, which converges quickly and is more accurate than random sampling. This approach has practical applications in analyzing social networks, robot swarms, and ad hoc networks.
A study of 9,972 older surgical patients found that a decline in function or mobility after surgery was associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission and death. Postoperative complications were also a significant factor in readmission risk.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $30 million in annual funding to six international collaborations working on an HIV cure. The program aims to address the virus's ability to establish a reservoir in immune cells, making it challenging to develop a cure.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill will receive nearly $23 million over five years to study the 'kick and kill' strategy for eradicating HIV. The approach involves waking up latent viruses and boosting the immune system to recognize and clear them.
Researchers studied Euplotes focardii's genes and proteins for survival in cold, oxygen-rich waters. The organism produces protective proteins against oxidative stress and adapts quickly through flexible RNA decoding.
A landmark study published in the International Journal of Cardiology found that stand-up comedians are more likely to die prematurely compared to comedy actors and dramatic actors. The study revealed a pattern of premature mortality among elite stand-up comedians, with those at the top being more likely to die at a younger age.
A study by researchers at Georgia State University found that firms perform better when CEO leadership style differs from the organization's culture. CEOs who adopt a similar style as the culture have a negative impact on performance. Instead, companies benefit from having different leadership and cultural styles.
Scientists discover galectin-9 potently forces latent HIV out of hiding and poisons the virus, increasing APOBEC3G levels to destroy genetic code. This 'shock and kill' strategy holds promise for a cure, altering treatment approach to eliminate all viral traces from the body.
Researchers found that playing action video games for as little as 5 hours can improve essential visuomotor-control skills used for driving. Experienced players showed greater precision in steering a virtual vehicle down the lane, while those with no gaming experience improved their skills after training.
A study found that children with the epsilon-4 gene variant had differences in brain development compared to those with epsilon-2 and epsilon-3 variants, including smaller hippocampus size and lower test scores on memory and thinking skills. The findings suggest early indications of risk for dementia and potential prevention strategies.
Researchers use roundworms to identify chemicals that can delay aging effects across multiple organisms. Thioflavin T, a commonly used lab dye, is found to lengthen lifespan in various species.
Peidong Yang received the third Tsinghua University Press-Springer Nano Research Award for his pioneering work on artificial photosynthesis and nanowires. His invention of a fully integrated system for producing chemicals directly from CO2, H2O, and sunlight has been widely recognized as a major breakthrough in the field.
Astronomers have observed a water 'snowline' in a protoplanetary disk using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope. The snowline marks the transition point where temperatures and pressures are low enough for water ice to form, and its distance from the star was found to be approximately 40 astronomical units.
Researchers analyzed firefly flash signals to understand how new mating signals arise through evolution. They found variations in luciferase and opsin genes didn't correlate with signal color changes, suggesting natural selection may be acting on unknown DNA sequences.
A team led by Lucas Cieza has made the first resolved observations of a water snow line in a protoplanetary disc using ALMA's long baselines. The discovery pushes the water snow line out to a distance of around 40 au, significantly impacting our understanding of planetary formation models.
Site-specific conjugation technologies have enabled the development of next-generation homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates with superior stability and therapeutic index. These advancements promote the use of ADCs as a new therapeutic option for cancer patients.
A new approach shields a toxic chemotherapeutic until it reaches the tumor site, leading to greater efficacy and fewer side effects. The treatment was successful in mice with sarcoma tumors and had fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
Scientists at TUM develop a methodology to produce 2D quasicrystals from metal-organic networks, opening the door to new materials. They discovered a new set of building blocks for assembling various quasicrystalline structures.
The rise of OLED displays could lead to shatterproof phones. Researchers are working to overcome challenges such as image retention and high costs, but if successful, the technology could vastly improve image quality and open up new possibilities for electronics design.
A study of 3,302 women transitioning through menopause found associations between VMS patterns and demographic, reproductive hormone, and psychosocial factors. Women with early onset VMS were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms and poorer health.
A new study published in Nature found that musical preferences depend on exposure to Western musical culture, not innate brain wiring. In a remote Amazonian tribe with limited exposure to Western music, dissonant chords were rated as likeable as consonant chords.
A study of 29 mother-child pairs found that mothers who were overweight or obese served larger portions to their children when they perceived their own hunger as higher. The researchers suggest that parents can intervene by providing objective guidelines and allowing children to have control over their portion sizes.
A new method for extracting, enriching and identifying chemical warfare agents from oils and organic liquids has been developed, using nanoparticles to capture the chemicals. The method can identify agents at low concentrations, overcomes challenges of detecting water-repellent agents, and has potential to save lives.
A study by Naomi Zimmerman and colleagues found that newer fuel-efficient engines may actually increase global warming due to higher black carbon emissions. Installing particulate filters in these engines could help balance this impact, but factors like engine design and location play a role.
The study found that both aripiprazole and quetiapine were effective in improving symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly positive symptoms. However, aripiprazole demonstrated slightly better efficacy in general psychopathology and insight. No significant increase in extrapyramidal adverse effects was observed in either group.
The study characterizes the materials used to build the galleries and analyzes their deterioration, providing valuable insights for future reconstruction decisions. The main components of mortars include calcite and gypsum, with alite and belite also detected in clinker-based Portland cement.
Researchers at UVA discover that the immune system directly affects social behavior, with blocking a specific molecule causing abnormal hyperactivity in mice. Restoring the molecule restored normal brain connectivity and behavior.
A new study from University of Toronto researchers reveals that gasoline-direct injection (GDI) engines, touted for their fuel efficiency, may actually emit more climate-warming black carbon and toxic pollutants than conventional engines. The study found that GDI engines ranked in the 73rd percentile for black carbon emissions, while v...
A comprehensive checklist of Amazonian tree species has been compiled, revealing over 11,676 known species and approximately 4,000 rare ones yet to be discovered. The analysis, which utilized digitized museum collections data, suggests that the search for new tree species will continue for three more centuries.
A Swiss analysis found that treating Nivolumab only to patients with positive PD-L1 tests compared to DOC or all patients with NIV is more cost-effective, with ICERs below the WTP threshold. Treating only patients with ?1% or ?10% PD-L1+ with NIV also results in improved cost-effectiveness.
Researchers have created a diagnostic model called the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) that can accurately predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The FSI is highly predictive and may become a cheaper alternative to screen for liver fat.
Researchers study how plants distinguish between essential nitrate and harmful chloride ions, finding a functional complex of two anion channels SLAH1 and SLAH3. This discovery could lead to optimizing crop salt tolerance in the future.
Researchers visualize peptidoglycan 'wall' in moss chloroplasts for the first time, overturning traditional understanding of chloroplast structure. The discovery has significant implications for our knowledge of plant cell biology and the origins of photosynthesis.
Researchers at Queen's University have found that combining pregabalin with duloxetine improves fibromyalgia symptoms, offering a new treatment option for patients. The study suggests that this combination can safely improve pain relief, physical function, and overall quality of life.
Physicists at OIST predict existence of new spin liquid with fluctuating magnetism, sharing similarities with gauge symmetries. Experimental confirmation through neutron scattering experiments is predicted, potentially revealing 'pinch lines' in specific materials.
A new York University study suggests that fat cells can promote breast cancer growth in obese individuals but prevent it in lean people. Exercise has been shown to counteract the life-threatening effects of obesity and even completely prevent breast cancer growth.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a novel method for culturing human stem cells using a protein derived from human blood, which could lead to faster and more cost-effective large-scale production. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine and disease research.
A rare 50-million-year-old Baltic amber discovery shows an ancient insect, similar to a walking stick, escaping its skin and fleeing into freedom as tree sap flows over the remaining exoskeleton.
The study highlights the potential for attacks on 3D-printed products, including those with internal defects that can cause devastating impact. The researchers recommend new cybersecurity methods and tools to protect critical parts from such compromise.
Researchers develop a simple, affordable method to produce strong, tunable carbon foam by using super-toasted bread, a potential game-changer for various industries. The foam's inner pore structure can be adjusted by changing the yeast and water content.
Researchers at Penn Medicine discovered that breast cancer drug trastuzumab affects the development of blood vessels in the heart, leading to potential cardiovascular side effects. The study highlights a new role for ErbB2 protein in blood vessel formation and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these side effects.
Scientists have developed a new technique to selectively block the disease-causing protein in mice with spinocerbellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). The method uses a modified virus to deliver micro RNA that prevents SCA6 from developing, offering a potential treatment for other diseases caused by mutations in bicistronic genes.
A new mouse study shows that diet response is highly individualized and dependent on genetic composition. The researchers found that different mice strains responded differently to various diets, including Western, Mediterranean, and ketogenic diets.
Scientists have discovered two new strains of the HTLV-4 virus in hunters bitten by gorillas in Gabon, supporting the notion that gorillas are a major source of infectious agents. The findings suggest that gorilla bites can lead to chronic persistence of the virus in humans.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that biglycan molecule attracts tumor cells to blood vessel walls, facilitating metastasis formation. High biglycan expression linked to poor prognosis in breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients.
Researchers have developed an implantable device that can deliver HIV prevention drugs sustainably for up to 60 days. The transcutaneously refillable device utilizes nanochannel delivery systems to control the release of pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs, addressing a significant challenge in current treatments.
Researchers have developed a system to quickly screen millions of yeast cells for protein aggregates, offering new ways to explore their causes and potential therapies. The technology was used to study prions, Huntington's disease, and prion-switching, providing insights into the toxic effects of misfolded proteins.
Hydroelectric dams can have devastating effects on aquatic insect populations and the food webs they support. Hydropeaking, which generates artificial tides to meet power needs, is a significant contributor to these environmental impacts.
Researchers developed a microfluidic chip to study adipose-derived adult stem cells' development into mature fat cells. The platform successfully converted cells into mature fat cells while decoding signalling pathways.
Research found blood glucose health deteriorating in obese adults, despite progress in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study suggests controlling weight in obese adults to reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications.