Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis created a quality-control tool called PopQC to ensure hard-working cells dominate in microbial fermentation processes, resulting in threefold enhanced production of free fatty acid and tyrosine. This innovation addresses the universal problem of biological noise, which affects the work ...
Researchers found that high-risk lung cancer patients who are cleared of disease in their initial test do not need annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screenings. The study suggests that reducing the frequency of screening could save millions in healthcare costs and spare patients from radiation exposure and false positive results.
A global study found that invasive mammal eradications on islands result in substantial conservation gains, benefiting 596 native species populations. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of this simple and cost-effective conservation intervention.
Researchers from the University of Vienna have successfully characterised aurone synthase, a catechol oxidase with hydroxylase activity. The study provides insights into the mechanism of plant polyphenol oxidases and has potential applications in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
Astronomers have discovered the fastest ultraviolet winds ever seen near a supermassive black hole, with wind speeds of over 200 million miles per hour. This breakthrough study sheds light on quasar outflows and their role in galaxy formation.
Researchers have developed a technique called QUASR that can detect RNA from West Nile and chikungunya virus in mosquito samples in under half an hour, speeding up disease diagnosis. The method amplifies the positive signal up to 10 times brighter than a negative one, allowing for simultaneous screening of multiple targets.
Researchers found that integrating motivational interviewing (MI) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves long-term patient improvement rates for severe generalized anxiety disorder. MI helps patients address ambivalence and resistance, leading to better outcomes over a one-year follow-up period.
Research at the University of Illinois found that finer corn particle sizes increase energy derived from corn, allowing producers to reduce added fat without affecting growth performance or carcass characteristics. This enables producers to decrease feed costs.
Researchers at EMBL have observed the elimination of centrioles from starfish egg cells, a process essential for viable embryo development. The study reveals the role of appendages in directing centriole expulsion and provides insights into the molecular logic underlying this mechanism.
A recent study published in Cell reveals that sleep suppresses brain rebalancing, a mechanism crucial for neural activity regulation. This finding contradicts previous theories on the role of sleep in memory consolidation and homeostatic plasticity.
Researchers found that truckers with OSA who didn't adhere to treatment had a five-fold increase in preventable crashes compared to healthy drivers. Regular screening and treatment can reduce large truck accidents, deaths, and injuries.
A new study found that one in six older adults now regularly use potentially deadly combinations of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements. The study identified 15 potentially life-threatening drug combinations, with nearly half involving nonprescription medications or supplements.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin developed a protective layer for the 'artificial leaf' that converts 12% of incident solar energy into hydrogen. The new layer, made from graphene, enables stable and efficient water splitting.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have identified a tiny area of the mouse brain responsible for the innate fear response triggered by predator odors. This region, known as AmPir, is located in the olfactory cortex and plays a crucial role in perceiving smells, including those associated with fear.
Research shows that 15-month-old babies generalize an adult's angry behavior even if the social context has changed. They make snap judgments and tend to assume a person with a history of anger will become angry again in similar situations. This study highlights the importance of parents being mindful of their emotions' impact on babies.
Researchers found that substituting up to 100% of peatmoss with pecan wood chips in greenhouse substrates reduces leaching fractions and increases substrate pH, while also providing a positive opportunity for using the product.
A team of researchers at UMass Amherst and Virginia Tech have identified the factors governing the final morphology of self-assembling chiral filament bundles. Their new model predicts the size and shape of these structures based on molecular-scale interactions, providing insights into protein fiber formation in various tissues.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that transitions in care for older adults with dementia are linked to medication errors, hospital readmissions, and increased risk of death. Receiving coordinated care and a long-term care plan can help reduce unnecessary transitions.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have created a new therapeutic for prostate cancer that has shown great efficacy in mouse models. The treatment, which involves packaging and administering a small molecule called IPA-3, significantly slows the progression of cancer and forces cancerous cells to undergo apoptosis.
Researchers at Indiana University have found a method to overcome the condition of terminal acid shock that inhibits successful production of sour beers. By pre-adapting yeast in a nutritionally dense substance called YPD, breweries can ensure proper bottle conditioning.
Scientists create high-resolution maps of samples without altering them, enabling noninvasive exploration of electrochemical phenomena and living cell membranes. This breakthrough method uses microwaves and a scanning probe to image nanoscale systems in liquids.
A recent study found that antipsychotic drug use is associated with higher mortality among all Parkinson's disease patients, not just those with dementia. The researchers compared records of over 15,000 patients and found a significant increase in mortality rates among those who took antipsychotics.
An international team at the MDI Biological Laboratory is studying the role of dietary restriction in extending human lifespan. Researchers are investigating how lower amounts of food or food with lower energy content affect molecular regulators of gene expression, a key player in aging.
A new NASA-Harvard University study finds that climate change has diminished the connection between droughts and wine grape harvest timing in France and Switzerland. Earlier harvests are often associated with higher-quality wines, but recent changes may impact wine production.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that nearly 41% of young transgender women had one or more mental health or substance use disorders. The study also revealed a significant increase in depression, anxiety, and substance abuse among Latina young transgender women.
Researchers found that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat slows diabetes progression in people with prediabetes whose muscles do not take up glucose properly. In contrast, reducing saturated fat had no effect on progress for those with liver-produced excess glucose.
Researchers at York University have detected the fastest winds ever seen near a supermassive black hole, with speeds reaching 200 million km/h. This discovery sheds light on quasar winds' role in galaxy formation and their impact on star creation.
Patient experiences shared on social media platforms are becoming a point of reference for other patients, sometimes isolating traditional medical sources. The study suggests digital media eases health knowledge sharing, providing personalized routes to engagement and access to information.
A longitudinal study of 150 deaf children will assess the impact of early language exposure on their visual attention and processing abilities. The research team hopes to determine whether early exposure to American Sign Language (ASL) enhances sequence processing in deaf students.
The Eastern migratory monarch population declined by 84 percent from 1996-1997 to 2014-2015. Increasing the average population size is crucial to providing a buffer against extinction. Reaching six hectares of occupied area in Mexico by 2020 could reduce the quasi-extinction risk over 20 years.
Researchers at IBS created a wearable GP-based patch that allows accurate diabetes monitoring and feedback therapy using human sweat. The device enables systematic corrections of sweat glucose measurements by monitoring pH and temperature, reducing the need for painful treatments like insulin shots.
Researchers found that butyrate production is reduced in the intestinal tract of experimental mice after bone marrow transplantation, leading to an increased risk of graft vs. host disease. Increasing butyrate levels can mitigate this condition by bolstering the gut lining's resistance to the donor immune system.
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology researchers compute larval dispersal to understand and protect vent species, such as crabs and shrimp. They estimate larvae can travel long distances using ocean models and deep-ocean profiling floats.
A recent study found that only about half of suicidal patients are questioned about their access to firearms or lethal means by emergency department doctors, leaving a significant opportunity for intervention. Easy access to guns is particularly concerning, with 25% of patients keeping loaded and unlocked guns at home.
A study by the University of East Anglia found that greater economic backwardness is linked to increased civil unrest, including violent and non-violent protests. The researchers suggest that social tension results from a combination of international comparison and the inability to emerge from economic backwardness.
Researchers identified microRNA-146a in osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles, which regulate bone cell function. The study suggests that miR-146a-rich EVs may act as a potential biomarker for osteoclast presence and regulate target cells.
Researchers explore small molecule replacement therapy to rescue craniofacial defects by manipulating Wnt and Eda/Edar signaling pathways. The study provides novel candidates for therapeutic treatment of patients with craniofacial defects.
A study presented at the American Association for Dental Research Annual Meeting found that saliva liquid biopsy accurately detected EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients, with high accuracy rates. The test showed promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting actionable EGFR mutations.
Researchers developed a caries risk tool to identify toddlers at risk of developing caries by age four through medical settings. Minority, Medicaid, and rural children had higher caries rates at 30 months-of-age, with several questionnaire items associated with cavitated caries.
A study found that adjunctive use of minocycline microspheres significantly reduced levels of subgingival bacterial species and improved clinical outcomes for patients with peri-implantitis. This resulted in a greater reduction in pocket depth compared to mechanical debridement alone.
The National Dental Practice-Based Network (PBRN) has been established as a learning health system, leveraging data infrastructure to advance scientific knowledge and improve patient care. The network's collaborative processes have enabled over 25 studies, 100 peer-reviewed papers, and demonstrated practice change since its inception.
Researchers conducted focus groups with children (8-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years) to elicit perceptions of oral health. Three themes emerged: maintaining good oral health for longevity, positive associations between oral health and relationships, and benefits of orthodontic treatment. These findings inform the development of ...
Researchers at Scripps Florida aim to block breast cancer growth by targeting a specific microRNA that adapts cancer cells to low oxygen environments. Inhibiting this microRNA increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to death and makes them more vulnerable to chemotherapy.
The symposium highlights opportunities to utilize federal big data initiatives in dental research, such as BD2K, to advance research and practice. Panelists will discuss the potential of linked data for dental providers.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard University have developed a new cryptographic system called Sieve that allows users to store and manage their personal data securely. With Sieve, users can control which apps have access to their data and revoke access with ease.
A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials suggests that antibiotics can be used as primary treatment for mild appendicitis, reducing surgeries by 92% within the first month. However, recurrence rates remain high at 23% and long-term follow-up is needed to determine effectiveness.
The study highlights the importance of time context in diet reconstructions, which can lead to conflicting results. By considering different time scales for dietary proxies, scientists can gain a more accurate understanding of an animal's eating habits.
A new study by University of Florida researchers found that victorious ant colonies recruit members of losing colonies to help defend their territory. After analyzing DNA from nearly 800 ants, the team discovered that fighting changes the genetic makeup of victorious colonies, allowing them to form lasting truces with former foes.
Researchers find Tanana Arctic butterfly, a possible new species of hybrid butterfly from Alaska's interior. The discovery suggests ancient hybridization between Arctic butterfly species.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has developed an intelligent wheelchair system called iWheelchair, integrating various functions such as environment control, safety, and health monitoring. The system allows users to control home devices using a tablet computer, with features like fall monitoring and smart diaper detection.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a faster and more accurate flood risk assessment method that relies on an algorithm to extract key causative events driving major floods. This new approach reduces the time taken for modeling while maintaining high accuracy, potentially saving properties and lives.
A new study finds that natural resilience may not be as common as thought, and when confronted with a major life-altering event, many people can struggle considerably. The study's findings go against previous claims that resilience is the typical response to major life stressors.
Scientists have developed a novel approach to track neural stem cells using microscopic iron beads and magnetic resonance imaging, allowing for non-invasive tracking without harming the cell. The findings focus mainly on neural stem cells but also show potential for use with mesenchymal stem cells.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital developed a wearable device to monitor and control organs-on-chips, a platform for testing drug compounds. The system uses Google Glass for hands-free control and monitoring, enabling high-accuracy predictions of physiological responses.
Researchers discovered that synonymous mutations in genes can significantly impact an organism's fitness and survival. In a study on the bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens, scientists found that highly beneficial synonymous mutations enabled bacteria to quickly evolve and adapt to their environment under strong selection conditions.
A study presented at the 2016 USCAP Conference found that HER4 expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance and a lower survival rate in ovarian serous cancer patients. The research, led by Moffitt Cancer Center pathologists, suggests that HER4 may be a prognostic and potentially predictive marker for this type of cancer.
Scientists have identified a new gene, GT198, that causes breast cancer and can be used to diagnose the disease early. The gene is normally regulated by estrogen but becomes mutated when it causes rapid growth of cancer cells.
Research by University of York scientists shows how ketamine causes inflammation and cell death in the bladder, leading to cystitis. The studies found that direct contact with urinary ketamine is critical to the toxicity, ruling out systemic factors.
A new meta-analysis supports the link between Omega-3 supplementation and reduced major depressive disorder (MDD) rates. The study found a comparable benefit to antidepressants in patients taking EPA and DHA supplements.
Researchers developed a novel RNA-based hairpin molecule to inhibit microRNA activity in cells and mice. The plasmid-based microRNA inhibitor system effectively knocks down endogenous miRs, revealing roles for miRs in developmental pathways and cellular processes.