A high viral load is associated with a dampened inflammatory response in innate immune cells from HIV-infected individuals. Epigenetic modifications at the TNFα gene locus are observed in monocytes of patients with high virus levels.
A new breast cancer staging system, Neo-Bioscore, incorporates HER2 status to provide more precise prognostic stratification of all breast cancer subtypes. The system improves prognosis and identifies patients in greatest need of additional therapy.
A textile engineer at Technische Universität Dresden has developed a flexible weaving technology for producing three-dimensional textile structures with excellent structural mechanical properties. The technology can be used in various applications such as aircraft fuselage, car bodies, and machine enclosures.
A University of Houston study found that 'intentionally brief' middle school mentoring programs increased math and English grades, as well as life satisfaction and reduced absences. The program provided mentor training and utilized social science theories to support student outcomes.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have mapped where genetic recombination occurs in fruit flies, providing insights into understanding chromosomes and inheritance mechanisms. The study reveals separate mechanisms for crossovers and non-crossovers, with varying distributions and rules for each chromosome arm.
Scientists have successfully mapped the potential surface of a small molecule, acetone, using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. This technique provides direct access to the ground state potential energy surface around selected atomic sites, enabling researchers to study hydrogen bonding and its effects on molecular behavior.
Georgia State University biologist Ming-Hui Zou has received a four-year, $1.9 million NIH grant to study the role of AMPK in cellular energy balance and its relation to cardiovascular disease. His research aims to unravel the interplay between mitochondrial structure and function in the initiation of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at Kyoto University's Yamada lab created a mouse model to study the EWS-FLI1 gene's role in bone cancer. The model revealed that other mutations are necessary for cancer development and that correcting osteogenic cell differentiation could prevent bone cancers.
Researchers are focusing on the key hormone 'aldosterone' and developing unique sounds to treat age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Studies will investigate its effects on mice and humans, with goals of slowing or preventing ARHL progression through hormonal intervention and brain training.
Researchers developed an inexpensive method to analyze thousands of similar molecules simultaneously, using programmable DNA nanoswitches with a miniaturized Centrifuge Force Microscope. This approach allows for highly reliable tool to observe single molecule complexes under mechanical forces in parallel.
The Wrangler Supercomputer utilizes 600 terabytes of flash memory to process massive datasets, enabling scientists to analyze thousands of files quickly. This allows researchers to explore new questions and drive previously unattainable discoveries in fields such as gene analysis and building energy efficiency.
Patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY1) benefit from therapies targeting a specific pathway regulating insulin secretion, not oral medications linked to beta-cell destruction. Research suggests MODY1 patients may become dependent on insulin injections sooner due to cellular stress levels.
A $6.3 million CIRM grant will fund stem cell trials to rescue and restore neurons devastated by ALS. The goal is to extend motor neuron survival, adding years to fulfilling life for patients.
Researchers have excavated substantial genomic remnants of the extinct Denisovans in Oceania populations, shedding light on early human history. The study identified genes inherited from Neanderthals and Denisovans that conferred advantages to the ancestors of modern Island Melanesians.
A new study suggests that caregivers can lower children's meal calories by choosing lower-calorie products and strategic portion sizes. By serving larger portions of lower-calorie foods with smaller portions of higher-calorie foods, children's overall caloric intake can be substantially reduced.
The paper inventories 1,268 biological field stations globally, highlighting their importance for long-term data collection, education, and public engagement. The author emphasizes the need for sustainable frameworks, improved governance, and increased public awareness to ensure these stations' success.
Researchers have discovered that a specific type of bread mold, Neurospora crassa, can transform manganese into a mineral composite with favorable electrochemical properties. This process has the potential to create more sustainable electrochemical materials for use in rechargeable batteries.
The 2016 UW-Madison Cool Science Image contest winners were selected based on scientific content and aesthetic qualities. The contest showcased images and videos from atmospheric science to zoology, including a pinhole camera image of the sun and a micrograph of breast tissue.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine discovered a new type of nerve cell that controls feeding behaviors in mice by signaling satiety. The discovery, confirmed through experiments, may lead to new tools for fighting obesity if replicated in humans.
NASA captured infrared temperature data of Tropical Cyclone Emeraude's clouds and measured its surface wind speed, revealing strong storms with potential to generate heavy rain. The storm intensified rapidly from a tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane on March 17.
Researchers at UNC discovered that kappa opioid receptors inhibit the release of neurotransmitter glutamate in a brain region regulating emotion, leading to increased anxiety. The study found that activating KORs suppresses an anxiety-reducing pathway, making them potential targets for treating anxiety disorders.
PERK's involvement in neurodegeneration is established through pathologic, genetic, and molecular links to various disorders. Long-term PERK activity triggers pro-apoptotic cascades, while current efforts to inhibit PERK show promising results in in vivo models of tauopathy.
Researchers have identified a novel mechanism by which beneficial microbes produce plant hormones to control plant diseases. The study found that bacteria can efficiently control pathogen infections in model plants by producing cytokinin, allowing the plants to maintain tissue integrity and biomass yield.
Five studies on New Horizons' flyby of Pluto uncover a wide variety of geological features, including tectonics, glacial flow, and cryovolcanoes. The dwarf planet's interaction with the solar wind and icy surfaces also provides insights into its space environment.
A large clinical trial found that treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with TB drugs does not save more lives. Simple TB screening and isoniazid preventive therapy were well-tolerated and resulted in similar survival rates compared to a four-drug TB treatment.
A randomized clinical trial found that using four drugs for TB does not improve survival rates over isoniazid therapy in advanced HIV/AIDS patients. The study validates the World Health Organization guidelines for prescribing isoniazid to vulnerable patients.
Biomedical engineers at the University of Toronto have identified an up-and-coming technique called affinity-controlled release, which allows proteins to stay at treatment sites for longer periods. This technology has potential applications in treating a range of medical conditions, including diabetes and stroke.
A recent study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that official counts of police homicides are significantly undercounted, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) providing more accurate data compared to two other national systems.
A comprehensive study of delinquent youth found that non-Hispanic whites are 30 times more likely to abuse cocaine than African Americans. Substance use disorders were common among both males and females, with marijuana being the most prevalent substance use disorder during young adulthood.
A new processing technique has been developed to create low-power, high-efficiency electronic devices using layered ferroelectric materials. This discovery could potentially replace silicon in some applications and enable the creation of flexible electronics.
A recent study reveals that modern Melanesians harbor significant Denisovan genetic ancestry, representing between 1.9% and 3.4% of their genome. This discovery sheds light on the characteristics of Denisovan DNA that persist in humans today, providing new insights into human evolution and gene flow.
Researchers developed a pharmacological approach to improve pancreatic beta cell growth and function. Trimeprazine, an antihistamine, was found to increase IRS2 in human islets and promote pancreatic beta cell growth and function in mice, suggesting its potential as a diabetes therapeutic.
A recent study by University of Georgia researchers found that national party division and divisive state primaries significantly impact general election outcomes. In the current election cycle, a divided Republican Party could lose up to 4.5% of the general election vote, compared to a unified party.
The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center fellowship program successfully trains international surgeons to return home and perform cancer operations, addressing a significant gap in low- and middle-income countries.
Astronomers have observed the inner portion of a protoplanetary disk surrounding HL Tau, with VLA images showing a distinct clump of dust containing roughly 3-8 times the mass of Earth. The region is thought to be where Earth-like planets would form.
A JRC-led research highlights four adaptation measures to reduce flood risk in Europe, prioritizing vulnerability reduction and relocation over traditional protection methods. The study suggests a combination of measures is more effective than individual actions, and recommends optimizing these strategies at the river basin level.
Scientists discovered that Zscan4 is a repair mechanism triggered by telomere shortening, allowing cells to recover from cell division stress. The protein expression is linked to longer cell cycles, enabling the cells to lengthen their telomeres before speeding up the cycle again.
Research shows that aging alters antibody responses to oral bacteria, with significant positive correlations observed across the population. Specifically, antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola increased with age, while those to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans did not.
Research from UBC's Okanagan campus found that traditionally successful manipulators lack compelling online messages, making face-to-face negotiations more effective. Higher-ranking DT participants were 12.5% less successful in online negotiations than those ranking lower on the spectrum.
A new golden frog species has been discovered in Colombia's cloud forests, with the discovery highlighting the country's rich biodiversity. The newly identified species is part of a diverse group of frogs that includes 465 recognized species, with many still awaiting description and classification.
Researchers have developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based method to track the movement of RNA in living cells. This approach enables the study of disease-related RNA processes and may support therapeutic approaches to correct disease-causing RNA behaviors.
Researchers used optogenetics to temporarily disconnect long-range axons, shedding light on the brain's internal communication. This study contributes to a better understanding of brain connectivity and its role in mental health diseases.
Researchers at RIKEN have discovered that calcium inside neurons regulates slow-wave sleep, with seven genes identified as critical for controlling sleep duration. The study's findings could lead to new treatments for sleep disorders and neurologic diseases associated with them.
EPFL scientists have created an implantable capsule that can deliver antibodies to target and clear amyloid beta protein plaques in the brain, potentially treating Alzheimer's disease. The device has been tested on mice with great success, reducing Abeta plaque load and phosphorylation of tau protein.
A new study from the University of Toronto found that minority applicants may fare worse in resumes sent to diversity-friendly companies than those sent to non-diversity companies. Hiding one's race by 'whitening' their resumes improved minorities' chances of landing an interview.
Researchers found that all ticks contained symbiotic bacterial species, while over half were infected with multiple pathogens. The study highlights the importance of accounting for interactions between symbionts and pathogens in tick-borne disease diagnosis and treatment.
A recent study by the UCLA-led research team found that women with impaired cortisol levels before pregnancy are more likely to give birth to lower-weight babies. Elevated maternal cortisol can deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients, leading to lower birth weight and increased risk of infant mortality.
Researchers have discovered substantial amounts of Neandertal and Denisovan DNA in the genomes of modern-day Melanesians, providing new insights into human evolutionary history. The study suggests that these archaic lineages may soon be cataloged due to accumulating genome-scale data from worldwide populations.
Researchers found that thinking about how life might be worse if an event hadn't occurred led to increased faith and a stronger belief in God. This suggests that counterfactual thinking can play a role in shaping religious convictions, even for those who do not believe in a deity.
The workshop reviews literature on body weight and oral health, teaching participants to measure and interpret weight, height, and other body size indices. It highlights the importance of documenting obesity and underweight in dental settings to identify risk factors for periodontal diseases and dental caries.
Scientists have identified neuregulin-1 as a molecular signal that drives and enables spontaneous remyelination in the spinal cord after injury. This natural process aims to restore function and mobility, but current treatments are largely ineffective.
Researchers have developed a drug that can erase epigenetic markers on chromatin to restore the original state of stem cells in mice. The study shows that over half of mouse epiblast stem cells treated with the drug regained embryonic pluripotency, opening up new possibilities for regenerative medicine.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that baby monkeys in groups with higher risks of infanticide develop faster. This accelerated growth may be triggered by stress hormones in maternal milk, allowing mothers and infants to better survive.
A study published in STEM CELLS Translational Medicine found that stem cell therapy can restore normal bone structure in mice with age-related osteoporosis. The treatment involves injecting healthy mesenchymal stem cells into the mice, which can then produce new bone tissue.
Geologists explore how various rock types, particularly carbonates, influenced Union and Confederate commander's decisions. The rolling terrain of Gettysburg and other battlefields was limited by carbonate rocks, which provided natural defensive positions.
A study published in Diabetologia found that bariatric surgery significantly improved type 2 diabetes remission rates compared to an intensive lifestyle and medical intervention. Patients with mild-to-moderate obesity experienced greater weight loss, improved glucose control, and reduced need for diabetes medications after RYGB.
A CU-Boulder student-built instrument found only six dust particles per cubic mile near Pluto, revealing the vast emptiness of space. The discovery provides insights into the solar system's formation and evolution.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center found that neutralizing the acidic tumor environment increases the efficacy of several immune-targeting cancer therapies. Sodium bicarbonate, combined with PD-1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors, reduced melanoma and pancreatic tumor growth in mice.
A team of researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center has identified a second role for RNA-binding proteins, which may contribute to neurological diseases such as autism and epilepsy. The study suggests that these proteins play a key regulatory role in translating messenger RNA into proteins.
A new study reveals that older types of arthritis medicine, like Diclofenac, are associated with an increased risk of heart attacks, similar to other NSAID types taken off the market. The study recommends reduced consumption and alternative treatments for patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases.