Researchers at TSRI successfully sequenced individual neuron genomes and produced live mice carrying neuronal genomes in all of their cells. They found that each neuron contained an average of more than 100 mutations and accumulated more mutations in genes used frequently.
A new study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that women require daily doses of Truvada to prevent HIV infection, while men only need two doses per week. The research highlights the importance of understanding how drugs interact with different body tissues to protect against HIV.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a new brain imaging strategy that allows people to control their motivational centers, leading to healthier and more productive lives. By using neurofeedback, participants were able to learn which strategies worked and adopt more effective ones.
New research describes how enzymes 'tune' to work at specific temperatures, with a fundamental physical property - heat capacity - being the key. This discovery could lead to designing better biocatalysts for industrial processes.
A study found that infected brine shrimp were more resistant to arsenic toxicity, with increased fat-containing droplets and changes in oxidative stress markers. The researchers suggest that parasite infection may protect the shrimp against pollutants through a mechanism known as 'survival of the fattest',
A new study suggests that today's clouds may not be similar to pre-industrial ones due to increased aerosol pollution. To improve climate modeling, researchers recommend better differentiation of cloud types and studying cleaner regions.
Julia Omotade, a Ph.D. candidate at Emory University, has been awarded the AIBS Emerging Public Policy Leadership Award for her leadership in advocating for federally supported research. Her efforts have resulted in over 600 letters to Congress and recognition as an outstanding leader in science policy.
A team of Cornell graduate students has developed a hyper-elastic light-emitting capacitor (HLEC) that can stretch up to six times its original size while emitting light. The material allows robots to change their color in response to mood or environment, enabling human-robot interactions.
Research reveals that male beetles demonstrating same-sex sexual behaviour establish a pecking order and display lower aggression levels compared to those who don't participate. Males receiving submissive roles show reduced courtship attempts and mating success.
Experiencing physical violence in adulthood may increase the risk of women developing heart and blood-vessel disease. Women who had experienced physical violence were more than one and a half times more likely to have narrowing of the main blood vessels in the neck, an early sign of increased risk for stroke.
A new study found that daily e-cigarette formaldehyde exposure from three formats is well below the World Health Organization's safe levels. The results showed that even heavy use of these products still only results in daily formaldehyde exposure less than one-sixth of indoor air quality standards.
Researchers found that nearly 18% of lung cancer tweets were about clinical trials, with many focused on immunotherapy. However, none of these tweets were used for recruitment and did not provide links to enrollment websites.
Researchers have developed an 'octopus-like' skin that can stretch, sense pressure, and emit light. The hyperelastic, light-emitting capacitor (HLEC) device outperforms previous models in terms of elasticity and versatility.
A study of 10,498 11-year-olds in the UK found that nearly 14% had drunk more than a few sips, with factors such as friends' drinking and mothers' behavior strongly associated. Positive perceptions of alcohol and lack of parental supervision also linked to increased odds of drinking.
A new study reveals that ancient viral elements embedded in our genome have become important for mounting a proper defense against today's viral infections. The research found that these endogenous viruses have repurposed their DNA into virus-derived switches that regulate genes integral to our innate immune system.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia identified a common ancestral gene that enabled the evolution of advanced life over a billion years ago. This gene, found in all complex organisms, encodes for protein kinases that allowed cells to become larger and transfer information more rapidly.
The study reveals the high-resolution structure of the HIV envelope protein, known as the Env trimer, in its natural form for the first time. The findings also include a detailed map of a vulnerable site at the base of this protein and the binding site of an antibody that can neutralize HIV.
Researchers identified that brain region communication varies depending on the motive driving a specific behavioral choice, allowing them to uncover underlying motives. Motives could not be detected by observing choices or brain activity during decision-making.
EPFL scientists have developed an animal model for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer that faithfully captures the disease. The new model has been tested on human breast tissue in a pre-clinical context, providing crucial factors such as hormone action and molecular responses to therapies.
A new study by Hasbro Children's Hospital reveals Rhode Island has one of the highest rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the US. The nationwide trend suggests a need for more research into IBD causes and targeted treatments.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that older adults who used a computer at least once per week had a 42% lower risk of developing memory and thinking problems compared to those who did not. Engaging in social activities also showed a significant reduction in memory decline, with participants who participated ...
Researchers have discovered cells in the urine of preterm infants that can differentiate into mature kidney cells and provide protection against cell death. These cells could potentially be used as a treatment to regenerate damaged kidneys and improve outcomes for patients with kidney disease.
A research team has identified rare potent antibodies in an HIV-infected individual and determined sequential structures that point to how they developed. This finding will help guide researchers as they try to build an experimental vaccine that recreates the pathway that gives rise to these important broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Researchers found PGK1 plays a key role in coordinating cellular processes for cancer metabolism and brain tumor formation. The enzyme promotes energy production through the Warburg effect, leading to rapid cancer growth.
Researchers found that the fruit fly's visual system incorporates expectations of typical environment features into its calculations. The unequal distribution of bright and dark regions in nature is reflected in asymmetric processing by the fly brain, enabling efficient course correction in virtual environments.
Scientists have found that the North Anatolian Fault Zone can produce mega earthquakes of magnitude M8 exclusively in the east. In contrast, northwestern Turkey, including Istanbul, is not expected to experience such large earthquakes exceeding M7.5. The study suggests that the eastern region's older age and mature fault zone contribut...
The plenary talks will illustrate the wide variety of applications for computers in science, including developing potent anti-HIV agents and creating new proteins. The presentations will also discuss recent advances in free energy perturbation theory.
Heavy rainfall caused flooding and landslides in northern Peru, with NASA's Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) measuring extreme rainfall totals of over 700 mm. The strong El Niño was partially blamed for the abnormally high rainfall.
A new study suggests that specific brain network alignment influences whether altruism stems from empathy or reciprocity. Researchers found distinct patterns in brain connectivity between individuals exhibiting different levels of altruism.
Researchers discovered chimpanzees in West Africa throwing stones at trees, resulting in accumulations of rocks at these sites. The behavior appears to have cultural elements and has been observed in adult males and females, with no apparent link to foraging or resource availability.
A pilot study analyzed 1,516 tweets containing lung cancer-related content, finding that most were about support or prevention, while clinical trials were underrepresented. The study suggests that Twitter may be a useful tool for clinical researchers but also poses challenges related to privacy and noncoercive content.
A new study of 274 patients undergoing total hip replacement found that the surgical approach had no significant impact on pre- or post-surgical pain and function. The results suggest that both anterior and posterior approaches yield excellent, equivalent outcomes for patients.
Researchers at the University of California - Berkeley found that moderate stress can make male rats more social and cooperative, leading to increased oxytocin levels. This effect is comparable to the benefits seen in romantic relationships, suggesting that bromances may have healthful effects similar to those seen in human friendships.
A new study finds that climate mitigation efforts in the energy system could lead to increasing pressure on water resources, requiring integrated strategies for sustainable long-term use. The energy sector's increasing demand for water by 2100 poses a risk of water allocation conflicts and local shortages.
A study found that individuals with right- or left-sided facial hemiparesis have difficulty interpreting emotions, particularly when the expression starts on the paralyzed side. Facial mimicry, which helps understand emotions, is also affected by asymmetry, suggesting a lateralized and anatomical basis for this phenomenon.
A new study has made significant progress toward a novel approach to convert scar tissue into healthy heart muscle, which could improve the quality of life for people with heart failure. By removing a barrier to conversion, researchers were able to significantly increase the yield of muscle-like cells.
Scientists have created detailed maps charting seasonal movements and population densities of 35 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises in the U.S. East Coast and Gulf of Mexico. The maps provide insights into habitats, tracking regional differences in population densities and large seasonal shifts in migratory baleen whales.
A study by UT Austin sociologist David Pedulla found that workers in part-time positions and those with mismatched employment histories face challenges in the labor market. Women employed below their skill level were penalized for appearing less competent, while men faced penalties for appearing less committed.
A new study by the University of Toronto and Cornell University found that older adults living alone with their abusers were up to four times more likely to experience severe mistreatment. The 'youngest old' (ages 60-74) were particularly vulnerable to the most severe forms of abuse.
Researchers have found a modified protein that can reverse liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in lab rats. The protein, TRAIL, was coated with a polymer to extend its half-life, allowing it to effectively kill activated hepatic stellate cells and reduce signs of fibrosis.
Researchers at Australian National University have successfully controlled chemical reactions using static electricity, improving reaction rates by a factor of five. The breakthrough could lead to cleaner industry, cheaper nanotechnology, and unprecedented control over chemical processes.
A study found that 4% of agricultural land and 3-4% of fresh water are used for biofuel production, which could feed 280 million more people if used for food. The increasing competition between fuel and food production threatens global food security due to the growing world population.
A new biomarker of brain inflammation in early-stage Alzheimer's disease has been identified, indicating that microglia-mediated inflammation may demarcate the transition from preclinical to full dementia. The TREM2 protein fragment in cerebrospinal fluid levels closely mirror microglia activity during the course of the disease.
Researchers discovered that disruptions in chromosomal looping structures can activate oncogenes fueling aggressive tumor growth. These findings reveal the powerful influence of genome structure on human health and disease, offering new insights into cancer diagnostics and treatment protocols.
Depicting is a method of communication that involves staging scenes using actions, facial expressions, and voice. This theory, developed by Herbert Clark, complements describing and highlights the importance of depicting in everyday conversation, particularly in evoking emotions and empathy.
Researchers found that processus length is crucial during mating for seed bugs, particularly when a rival male is present, and bigger isn't always better. Males with medium-length processus are most likely to fertilise female eggs successfully.
Protein aggregates are toxic and contribute to nerve cell death in diseases like Alzheimer's and Huntington's. The study reveals missing stop signals lead to long lysine chains blocking ribosomes, allowing defective proteins to accumulate and form toxic aggregates.
The Office of Naval Research awarded $25 million to 47 young investigators for their promising basic research in various naval-relevant fields. The awardees will receive funding for laboratory equipment, graduate student stipends and scholarships.
A computational model proved that participants make a more favorable decision to participate in conferences based on previous participation. The study analyzed data from six conferences and found that the likelihood to participate increases with regular participation, regardless of conference qualities.
The 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting will bring together 402 young scientists from 80 countries to discuss their physics research. The participants will also have the opportunity to meet and learn from 30 Nobel laureates, including Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald.
Scientists have developed a method to systematically identify individual classes of brain cells, or neurons, in the spinal cord. By analyzing genetic characteristics and applying statistical approaches, researchers were able to distinguish 50 distinct types of V1 interneurons.
A team of scientists at Argonne National Laboratory has created a new method for predicting extreme weather events, which could improve the accuracy of climate models. The technique uses high-resolution climate forecasting to analyze specific regions and provide more detailed predictions.
Regular low-dose aspirin use for at least six years was associated with a modestly reduced overall risk for cancer, primarily due to a lower risk for gastrointestinal tract cancer. The study found that regular aspirin use may complement CRC screening and have an absolute benefit regardless of endoscopy status.
Desalination plants can generate renewable hydropower for peak demand periods, improving water security without building new dams. This approach offers cost savings for consumers and government.
A University of Florida Health study found that 88% of teens who misused prescription stimulants got them from someone else. The study also highlighted differences in behavior and friend networks between those who exclusively used stimulants non-medically and those who reported both medical and non-medical use.
Researchers from ESPCI, France, have spent ten years studying the wetting of soluble polymer substrates by droplets of solvents. They found that spontaneous imbibition is stopped due to a change in material softness as the solvent melts the polymer, slowing down the spreading of the droplet.
A new study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that higher protein consumption is associated with increased feelings of fullness after meals. Researchers conducted a systematic review of evidence on protein intake and perceived fullness, confirming that protein does make us feel fuller.
The three DOE-funded research centers are making progress on developing advanced biofuels. The 500th invention disclosure highlights the centers' collaborative approach to overcoming biofuel production challenges.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered a new type of induced Xen (iXEN) stem cells that can be created by reprogramming mature adult cells. These cells have unique properties and can shed light on reproductive diseases, potentially leading to advances in regenerative medicine.
A recent paper emphasizes the importance of public health and prevention measures in combating cancer. The authors highlight successes in lung cancer reduction and vaccine development, suggesting that these efforts have brought about significant improvements in mortality rates. By prioritizing prevention, researchers aim to drive meani...
Researchers developed a new method to produce coral snake antivenom using synthetically designed DNA, bypassing the need for venom collection from snakes. The approach resulted in a neutralization rate of 60% against coral snake venom, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods.
A recent study found that antenatal corticosteroids can significantly reduce the rate of neonatal respiratory complications in babies born between 34 and 36 weeks gestation. The research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, involved approximately 2,800 women who received either two injections of betamethasone or placebo. ...
A recent study published in Science used GemCode technology to analyze the biomedical consequences of adult humans with gene knockouts. The research revealed that PRDM9 redundancy in humans suggests that the gene may not be essential for human life, challenging previous assumptions.
Researchers at Mass Eye and Ear have shown a link between mitochondrial dysfunction in corneal endothelial cells and the development of Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. The study found that lifelong accumulation of oxidative DNA damage leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in FECD tissue.
A study published in the European Heart Journal found that improved lifestyles led to a significant decrease in cholesterol levels, resulting in reduced cardiovascular disease and cardiac death. The study shows that changes in diet and lifestyle had a more pronounced effect on older individuals and those with high risk of cardiovascula...
A consortium of 270 scientists found that more than half of psychology studies couldn't be replicated due to methodological issues and statistical errors. Reanalysis of the data by Harvard professors reveals that the original study's conclusions are unwarranted, as the replicators made significant mistakes in their methodology.
Researchers used infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry to study the interaction between probe molecules and oxide surfaces. They found that surface layers behave like glass-forming liquids, with density and dynamic behavior influencing interactions.
A study replicated 18 experimental studies in economics, reproducing results in 11 cases and showing promise for improving replication methods. The findings suggest that clear methodological documentation is crucial for successful replications.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes discover a new type of cell that can organically develop into heart cells and replicate. The induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells (ieCPCs) significantly improved heart function in mice after a heart attack, offering a promising potential treatment for heart failure.
A study found that a variant of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, with mice carrying the variant showing increased weight gain and glucose intolerance. The research suggests that the variant may have evolved in colder climates to promote energy storage, but its modern-day implications are negative.
The CHOP/Rutgers team developed new experimental approaches to detect DNA scrunching during transcription start site selection. They identified the TSS, front and rear positions where RNA polymerase attached to DNA, and found that as the position of the TSS changes, the position of the enzyme's leading edge changes in lock step.
A new eHealth solution is being developed to improve direct and rapid access to youth mental health services in Canada. The pilot program will facilitate self-referral through a web portal and secure communication platform, with the goal of empowering young people to undertake the initial consultation process.
Research published in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry found that high daily coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis. The study, based on data from two population studies, suggests that caffeine's neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties may play a role in this link.
The study found that regular aspirin use significantly reduces the overall risk of cancer, with a 19% lower risk of colorectal cancer. Aspirin may complement, but not replace, cancer screening methods like colonoscopy, and has potential benefits for individuals with risk factors.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker associated with the activation of an innate immune response to neural damage during early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The concentration of a specific segment of the protein TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid is significantly elevated in early stages of the disease.
The American Association of Science advocates data sharing to improve transparency and reproducibility in field sciences like geology, ecology, and archaeology. Discipline-specific repositories can provide better services for researchers to access and use shared data.
Women who ate five or more servings of yogurt per week had a lower risk of developing high blood pressure compared to those who rarely ate yogurt. The study found that daily intake of dairy products, particularly yogurt, lowers the risk for developing high blood pressure, which is a key risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
Researchers found that birds have sophisticated cognitive skills, matching those of apes, in tasks such as hoarding food and recognizing themselves in mirrors. The brains of birds and apes share similar single modules and prefrontal brain structures controlling executive functions.
Researchers have developed a precise and fast responding tool to measure carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the brain during seizure events. The dual sensor probe recorded clearly defined changes in CO/NO levels that changed in accordance with the seizure's phase changes.
A new study by the University of Southampton found that people are worried about the increase in global population, focusing on food and water shortages, species extinctions, and catastrophic consequences. The researchers discovered that individuals who perceived greater risk were generally those who indicated a willingness to adopt mi...
A study analyzing over 14 million RateMyProfessors reviews found that male professors are described as brilliant and genius in fields with low female and African-American representation. The researchers suggest that the emphasis on brilliance and genius may contribute to the underrepresentation of women and African-Americans in these f...
A large cross-sectional study found that children taking ADHD medication show decreased bone density, particularly in the femur and lumbar spine. Physicians should address this risk and consider nutritional counseling to prevent long-term consequences of low-bone density.
Researchers at OIST found that wind farms on a grid are part of a larger geographic weather system, leading to correlated power outputs. This challenges the assumption that geographically distributed wind farms are independent and poses difficulties in forecasting power output.
The study found that trauma surgeons working with geriatricians improved multidisciplinary care for elderly accident victims, leading to reduced short-term mortality rates and ICU readmissions. The program increased referrals for cognitive evaluation and advanced directives, demonstrating the benefits of comprehensive clinical pathways.
A key brain receptor has been found to both strengthen and weaken synapses, offering new insights into mechanisms driving depression, drug addiction, and Alzheimer
A new study by Caltech researchers finds that experimental economics studies have a high replication rate of 61%, indicating that published results are reliable. The success of replication is linked to sample size and p-values, suggesting good methodological practices in the field.
A BMJ investigation reveals Jeremy Hunt's public use of seven-day NHS data without clear attribution, potentially breaching the ministerial code. The authors' findings were shared with colleagues before publication, but not in a way that influenced the editorial process.
Research suggests CPAP improves insulin sensitivity and decreases inflammatory proteins, lowering HbA1c levels and cardiovascular disease risk. Patients with OSA and type 2 diabetes who used CPAP showed significant improvements in glycemic control, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.
Scientists have discovered unique mutations on all cancer cells, known as tumour antigens, which can be targeted by the immune system. This breakthrough could lead to more effective immunotherapies and personalized treatment plans for patients with advanced stages of cancer.
A USU engineering researcher is developing new data analysis tools to help close the gap in urban water use behavior measurement and management. With a $507,000 NSF grant, Dr. Jeff Horsburgh aims to create useful information products for water managers using smart meter data.
The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider has achieved 'First Turns,' a major milestone for the new accelerator. The machine is designed to produce high-intensity particle beams, enabling the Belle-II experiment to probe fundamental theories beyond the Standard Model.
Researchers found that hermaphrodite nematodes, which self-fertilize, have significantly shorter lifespans than their female relatives. The study suggests that early reproduction and potential damage from mating may contribute to the decreased lifespan in hermaphrodites.
Researchers at USC found that just two sites on the mouse genome control about half of the size variation between bacula, a crucial discovery for understanding bone development and diseases. The study also suggests that only a few genetic tweaks can have an enormous impact on the overall size and shape of the baculum.
A study published in Current Biology found that individuals with anxiety exhibit over-generalization, mistaking new tones for previously associated ones. Brain imaging revealed altered brain responses in regions related to fear and sensory processing.
Researchers found that inhibiting calcium transfer to mitochondria selectively kills cancer cells by inducing bioenergetic crisis and autophagy. Providing metabolic substrates rescues the lethal effect, suggesting that cell death is caused by compromised bioenergetics.
The fellowship program will provide LSU Health New Orleans M.D./M.P.H. students with working knowledge of health policy, enabling them to better understand the policy context in which healthcare is practiced. The program aims to bridge gaps between healthcare and public health disciplines.
A recent publication by Journal of Environmental Quality highlights the science behind antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems. Key findings include the widespread use of large quantities of antibiotics and animal waste leading to environmental contamination.
A new study found that standard depression screening tools may not work as well for black Americans as they do for whites. However, listening to black participants' own descriptions of their mental health may help predict risk. Self-rated health was found to be a key predictor of later depression in black participants.
A new study found that Greenland's ice sheet has been darkening over the past two decades, absorbing more heat from the sun and increasing snow melt. The real culprits are two feedback loops created by the melting itself, which are driving changes in reflectivity.
Researchers have developed FlashTag technology to isolate and visualize newborn neurons, revealing the genetic origin of these cells. This discovery sheds light on how brain development occurs and may lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as autism and schizophrenia.
A novel small-molecule antiviral compound, GS-5734, has been shown to protect rhesus monkeys from Ebola virus infection when administered three days post-infection. This preclinical result demonstrates the compound's ability to block viral replication and reduce disease severity.
Researchers create lattice-shaped cubes and truss structures using frozen water, ensuring retention of shape at room temperature. This breakthrough could make graphene commercially viable for electronics, medical devices, and more.
The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing is selected for a grant to increase the number of PhD-prepared nurses. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Future of Nursing Scholars program will provide financial support and leadership development to two nursing students over three years.
Researchers have discovered a key protein that drives blood cancer development and may prevent it with MCL-1 inhibitors. Seventy percent of human cancers have abnormally high levels of MYC, which forces cells into rapid growth.
Dr. Chung-Tse Michael Wu, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Wayne State University, has received a $500,000 NSF CAREER grant to develop antennas made of novel transmission-line-based metamaterials for a high-speed, microwave panoramic camera.
A survey of AAFPRS members found that most used online streaming media to learn new techniques, with 64.1% reporting use for rhinoplasty and injectable procedures. Less experienced surgeons relied more on online resources.
A new study suggests that consuming broccoli may protect against liver cancer and aid in countering the development of fatty liver disease. The researchers found that adding broccoli to a Westernized diet reduced the formation of cancer nodules in the liver and improved liver health.
The team has shattered the cosmic distance record by measuring GN-z11, a surprisingly bright infant galaxy seen as it was 400 million years after the Big Bang. The observations reveal that GN-z11 is growing fast, forming stars at a rate about 20 times greater than our galaxy does today.
The University of Bath has been awarded two Innovate UK grants to lead separate projects investigating different aspects of a vehicle's exhaust system, aiming to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The research will focus on two new ways to utilize waste thermal energy to enhance fuel economy in future vehicles.
A study of 2026 individuals with a first episode of psychosis found that cannabis use was associated with a 50% increased risk of hospital admissions, including compulsory detention. Cannabis use was also linked to higher numbers of antipsychotic prescriptions, suggesting treatment failure.
Scientists at St Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a new pathway for mitochondrial cell death involving the BCL-2 ovarian killer protein. This mechanism is linked to cellular stress and may lead to new cancer treatments.
A new pain management technique, called an adductor canal block, provides effective pain relief while preserving muscle strength in ACL knee surgery patients. The study found a significant reduction in muscle weakness and falls compared to the current standard method.
A cross-sectional survey found high prevalence of parasitic infection among urban farmers in Kampala, with an infection rate of 76%. The study highlights the need for increased public health protection measures and integrated sanitation safety planning for marginalized communities.
A recent study shows that cancer cells work together with surrounding healthy cells to build new blood vessels, promoting tumor growth. Researchers found that collagen production is increased by a specific type of transfer RNA, allowing tumors to acquire the necessary resources to grow and spread.
Researchers from MIT and University of Innsbruck have designed a scalable quantum system that can factor large numbers efficiently using 5 atoms. This breakthrough represents the first implementation of Shor's algorithm in a scalable manner, enabling potential cracking of encryption schemes for protecting sensitive data.
Reported dog attacks on guide dogs in the UK rose from an average of three per month in 2010 to eleven attacks per month in 2015. Guide Dogs' stock were injured in 43% of attacks, with veterinary costs estimated at £34,514.30.
A recent study found that mainstream political parties in Europe have failed to respond to growing public skepticism of the EU, allowing nationalist groups to gain more power. The financial crisis and migration crisis have further eroded support for European integration.