Research finds that sweet cherry varieties differ in their susceptibility to skin cracking due to variations in cell wall properties. The study suggests that cell wall physical properties account for the differences in cracking susceptibility among cultivars.
A University of Washington study reveals significant barriers in accessing rehabilitation services for children with traumatic brain injuries from low-income households with limited English proficiency. The study found that less than 20% of providers accepted Medicaid and provided language interpretation, highlighting the need for incr...
A University of Adelaide study reveals a global increase in cephalopod abundance since the 1950s, with rapid growth and adaptation traits allowing them to thrive in changing ocean environments.
Researchers created metallo-carbon neptunium compounds to study its fundamental structure and bonding properties. This work may aid in reducing the time for stored nuclear waste to decay safely and increase nuclear waste recycling.
Scientists reconstruct ancient precipitation patterns in Greenland using aquatic plant leaf waxes, finding evidence of increased snowfall from 6,000 to 4,000 years ago. This trend is consistent with the hypothesis that global warming could drive Arctic snowfall increases, slowing ice sheet shrinkage and sea level rise.
A new study found significant racial disparities in liver cancer survival rates, with black patients facing a 33% increased risk of death and being transplanted less often. The disparity is attributed to factors such as larger tumor sizes at diagnosis, lower access to care, and higher prevalence of viral hepatitis.
Rates of teenage pregnancy in England have halved since the implementation of the Government's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, with areas of high deprivation experiencing the greatest effect. Participation in education and work has improved for women who conceive under 18, but rates remain lower than their non-pregnant peers.
A Mayo Clinic study found that endoscopists with knowledge of a positive Cologuard test detected polyps or hemorrhagic lesions 83% of the time, compared to 68% without this information. This increased detection led to more true-positive results and fewer false-negative results.
A team of astronomers has measured the mass of an ultra-diffuse galaxy using the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS, revealing it is composed primarily of dark matter with very few stars. The findings suggest that such galaxies could exist due to a large amount of dark matter protecting them from destruction.
A five-week middle school obesity prevention program called Students for Nutrition and eXercise (SNaX) helped obese students lose weight over a long term, with an average reduction in body mass index (BMI) of about nine pounds. The program combined environmental changes and peer-led education to promote healthy eating and physical acti...
Scientists at SwRI discovered two geologically young craters, one 16 million and the other between 75-420 million years old, in the Moon's darkest regions. The discovery was made possible by a new technique using the Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project instrument aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Researchers developed a code of best practices to reduce disturbance to wildlife from drone use. The guidelines emphasize the need for consultation with experts and adherence to relevant regulations.
A new study by UNIST researchers has observed structural changes in carbonic anhydrase for the first time. The enzyme catalyzes a reaction converting CO2 and water into protons and bicarbonate ions at a rate of 106 reactions per second, crucial for regulating chemical environments.
The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias will participate in the SUNDIAL network, training young researchers in astronomy and computer science to understand galaxy formation and evolution. The network aims to detect ultradiffuse galaxies and apply research to society in medical imaging and remote sensing.
A growing body of evidence suggests that cannabinoids have therapeutic potential for treating various conditions, including Parkinson's disease and gastrointestinal illnesses. The development of new pain therapies is crucial due to demographic changes and increasing life expectancy, which will lead to more patients with chronic pain.
A study by MIT linguistics professors and Carleton University researchers found that children between 3-6 years old use a similar logical approach to adults when evaluating ambiguous sentences, but fail to consider the implications of substituting 'and' for 'or',
Researchers at Uppsala University found that men with Y chromosome loss in blood cells are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, suggests a potential simple test to identify those at risk.
EMBO has elected 58 outstanding scientists as new members, including Adam Antebi and George Fu Gao, in recognition of their groundbreaking research. The organization aims to support talented researchers at all stages of their careers and promote international collaboration.
Researchers from the DOE JGI call for a National Microbiome Data Center to manage accumulated microbiome data and metadata, enabling larger-scale comparative analyses. The center would harness all available data to address global challenges in energy, environment, health, and agriculture.
A UTHealth study found that middle and high school students exposed to e-cigarette marketing messages were more likely to use e-cigarettes. The study reveals a trend that is not likely to change, with e-cigarette companies following the same marketing strategies as cigarette companies.
Scientists develop new method to control magnetic particles of two distinct sizes suspended in liquid, forming channels that drive small particles along, improving sorting and lab-on-a-chip device functionality.
A pilot program using video decision aids increased the documented incidence of advance care planning conversations and hospice discharges in Hilo, Hawaii. The program improved end-of-life care by allowing doctors to have critical conversations with patients about their individual preferences.
The OU Center will examine knowledge and attitudes about genomics in Native American communities and health care systems. The project aims to advance dialogues on genomics in society through deliberation and education.
Researchers found that fecal microbiota transplantation effectively treated ulcerative colitis, with 27% of patients achieving symptom-free status. The study, which used a multi-donor approach, showed promise as an alternative treatment option for UC patients resistant to conventional therapies.
A phase I clinical trial showed that abemaciclib achieved durable clinical activity in patients with breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Radiographic responses were observed for some patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and NSCLC.
A study of over 20,000 patients with heart failure found that flu vaccination was associated with a 35% lower risk of developing dementia. Those who received the flu vaccine more than three times had a 55% lower risk. The researchers suggest that vaccination may reduce inflammation and prevent brain damage
Researchers used genetically-engineered mice to study the role of a Western-style diet in colon cancer development. They found that a low-fiber, high-fat diet increased the risk of colon cancer and identified key changes in gene expression profiles before tumor formation.
A pioneering team of researchers has devised a 'manifesto for fire science' to examine the intricate relationship between fire and humanity on a global scale. The study reveals that factors such as invasive plants, landscape change, climate change, and population growth create tension between fire and human inhabitants.
Researchers urge governments to share more information about migration to track people moving between countries. Governments need to prioritize sharing data, training programs, and modeling to make better public policy decisions.
A study of nearly 12,000 heart failure patients found that one year after hospitalization, 68% had returned to work, while 25% remained unemployed. Younger patients, those with higher education levels, and men were more likely to return to work.
Researchers found simultaneous changes in response to obesity in almost all tissues studied, including the digestive system and internal organs. The study highlights the burden of overweight and obesity on these systems and may lead to personalized care.
The MyShake app, released in Japanese, collects ground-shaking information from smartphones to analyze quakes and relay data to the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. The system has recorded earthquakes worldwide, including induced earthquakes, and plans to provide life-saving early warnings.
The nucleolus, a specialized organelle in cells, behaves like a liquid with complex internal structure, enabling it to control cellular growth and health. Researchers discovered that proteins and RNA spontaneously assemble into three distinct layers, providing insights into the biophysical mechanism of the nucleolus's structure.
Researchers from Hiroshima University have developed a new re-chargeable battery that can operate at below-freezing temperatures, making it suitable for use in refrigerated factories or extreme winter environments. The eco battery has the potential to be cheaper, safer, and longer-lasting than current metal-based batteries.
Researchers developed an integrated inertial microfluidic vortex sorter for simultaneous double sorting of rare target cells and removal of background cells. The device achieved highly purified target cell products, even in complex samples containing orders of magnitude larger number of background cells.
Researchers from the University of Bristol found that marine reptiles in the Mesozoic era quickly developed diverse feeding habits and morphological adaptations, expanding their ecological niches. This study, published in Paleobiology, sheds light on the rapid evolution of these ancient predators.
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) has committed £15 million to support seven research projects across the UK. These projects aim to improve the complex formulation processes used in various industries, including toothpaste, inhalers, pharmaceuticals, and 3D printing. By developing new libraries of materials...
Researchers at the University of Washington found that bacteria in tree branches can fix nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for plant growth, without requiring root nodules. This breakthrough could significantly reduce fertilizer use and costs, benefiting agricultural crops and bioenergy production.
Researchers have modified microalgae to produce complex molecules using sunlight, enabling efficient production of pharmaceutical compounds. The method offers a sustainable and renewable energy-based solution for producing chemicals, potentially replacing traditional methods that rely on plants or yeast.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame develop a new algorithm to more accurately represent complex dependencies in data, leading to better predictions for invasive species, shipping networks and infectious diseases. The approach can also be applied to other fields such as social media, telecom companies and urban planning.
A team of researchers used neutron crystallography to better understand a protein implicated in HIV replication, revealing a pH-induced proton 'hopping' mechanism that guides the enzyme's activity. This understanding is vital for drug resistance and guiding rational drug design.
A new study by the 2ndFOR Network found that natural processes in Latin American tropical forests can provide a solution to excess carbon dioxide threatening the planet. Regrowth forests increase above-ground carbon storage over time, depending on climate and landscape features.
Immune cells build a molecular memory of their first meal after eating a dying neighboring cell, shaping their inflammatory behavior. This discovery may lead to novel therapies for inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and arthritis.
Researchers develop computational model to simulate long-term effects of cardiac regenerative therapies, overcoming limitations of existing heart models. The results are consistent with some clinical study findings and will aid in optimizing therapy parameters.
Researchers found that low temperatures trigger genes involved in biofilm formation, toxin production, and cold adaptation in Vibrio cholerae. Expression of virulence factors is reduced at low temperatures, suggesting a link to environmental lifecycle.
A University of Exeter study on burying beetles shows that excessive mating can cause males to evolve longer penis-like organs and females to develop larger 'claws' on their genitalia within ten generations. This co-evolutionary process highlights the importance of sexual conflict in shaping biodiversity.
The AGA Research Foundation awarded 66 talented scientists to advance understanding of digestive and liver diseases. Recipients include researchers in IBD epigenetics, neuroenteric disease, gut microbiome, and more.
The new atlas, compiled by over 120 experts from 29 countries, reveals a vast and underappreciated natural resource – soil biodiversity. With nearly 200 pages of detailed information, the atlas aims to promote sustainability and encourage research efforts to tackle global challenges.
Scientists have successfully obtained a high-resolution image of the Zika virus helicase, a key target for antiviral development. The structural information will help researchers design and develop effective small-molecule inhibitors to stop viral replication and prevent disease.
Researchers at Notre Dame have developed a new metamaterial with controllable magnetic ordering, enabling multiple recording functionalities and versatility in spintronics. This breakthrough demonstrates techniques to switch the charge ordering both globally and locally.
Researchers at the University of Bath's new CAMERA centre are applying motion capture technology to train elite athletes and rehabilitating injured service personnel. The team aims to automate the process of animating non-human creatures using input from human actors, with potential applications in healthcare, sports, and entertainment.
A new study reveals that suppressing a key protein, Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), restores multiple antitumor responses in the lungs of mice, preventing cancer spread. Researchers tested an intervention that boosted the RIG-like helicase pathway, which counteracts CHI3L1's effects and decreases tumor-inducing responses.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have developed a computational network model called iCEL1273, which enables the analysis of nutrient interactions in C. elegans. The study provides new insights into how different macro- and micronutrients contribute to energy generation and biomass production.
Research shows that spending time in nature promotes health and well-being among rural, low-income mothers and their families. Despite living in areas with abundant natural spaces, these mothers often lack access to safe and accessible outdoor recreation resources due to financial constraints and geographical barriers.
Researchers found that inhibiting an enzyme adds palmitate onto proteins creates dependence on EGFR signaling for survival. Inhibiting this enzyme makes cancer cells more sensitive to EGFR inhibitors, which could lead to a new treatment option for lung cancers.
A team of international researchers has explained the peculiar behavior of electrons in graphene when passing through narrow constrictions. The results show that the electric current is not continuous, but quantized, exhibiting characteristic steps.
Researchers review bladder mechanics, focusing on material testing and theoretical modeling to improve understanding and diagnosis of urinary disorders. They highlight the need for more accurate models to simulate bladder behavior and predict outcomes.
Researchers discovered that immune T cells can overcome chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer by outsmarting fibroblasts. By boosting these immune cells, the tumor cells begin to die off, suggesting a new approach to treating ovarian cancer.
Researchers discovered how a new class of anti-cancer drugs, BET inhibitors, kill cancer cells through apoptosis. The findings explain how cancer cells may become resistant to treatment and provide potential strategies for developing improved therapies.
A Loyola Medicine study found that robotic-assisted surgery to remove the prostate reduces the risk of blood loss and prolonged hospital stays in obese prostate cancer patients. Compared to open surgery, robotic-assisted surgery was associated with a 83% lower rate of blood transfusions and a 72% lower rate of prolonged hospital stays.