Researchers have developed a method to selectively functionalize unreactive carbon-hydrogen bonds in alkanes, a key step towards revolutionizing organic synthesis. The breakthrough enables the transformation of simple molecules into valuable chemicals with controlled site selectivity and chirality.
A clinical trial found that same-day initiation of antiretroviral therapy improved ART uptake and viral suppression rates. Patients who started treatment quickly had better health outcomes, despite some loss to follow-up.
Neanderthals in Europe showed signs of nutritional stress due to extreme cold, suggesting climate change was a contributing factor to their demise. Their remains revealed more intense bone processing during colder periods, highlighting the impact of harsh environments on human evolution.
A national survey found that social and emotional wellbeing is crucial for the success of autistic children in mainstream schools. The report highlights the need for teachers to be flexible and agile to meet individual needs, with many children experiencing difficulties in school due to their autism.
Researchers tracked fox squirrels in foraging tasks with locked containers, observing tail flicks as frustration increased. The study suggests that frustration may be necessary and beneficial for problem solving, leading to persistence and new strategies.
Charles Daley, Irina Petrache, and James Crapo receive awards for their work on tuberculosis diagnosis, women in pulmonary medicine, and COPD research respectively. The American Thoracic Society honors their contributions to improve patient outcomes in respiratory diseases.
Researchers found that treating high-risk hospitalized patients for sleep apnea may decrease the frequency of emergency rescues from hospital personnel. Patients who were compliant with positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment had less rapid response events than those who were non-compliant.
Researchers have discovered that silver nanowires are an ideal material for current and future flexible touch-screen technologies. The study found that silver nanowire films can match and exceed the transmittances and conductivities of ITO, a brittle and expensive material used in traditional touchscreen devices.
Researchers developed a line of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, SkQ-ions, to protect cardiolipin molecules from oxidation. The study revealed that small doses of synthetic antioxidants could provide a distinct therapeutic effect despite the presence of large quantities of natural antioxidants.
A Loyola Medicine study found no differences in bacterial infections between knee replacement patients who showered two days after surgery and those who waited 10-14 days. Patients overwhelmingly preferred early showering, with 94% reporting its importance.
A study found that flame retardants used in tent manufacturing are released into the air within tents, potentially exposing campers to toxic compounds. The levels of these compounds can vary depending on the brand of tent, but may still pose a health risk to adults and children.
The Open Neuroimaging Laboratory aims to aggregate annotated brain imaging data and develop a tool for distributed team collaboration. The project seeks to improve transparency, statistical power, and reproducibility in brain data analysis.
The NHS should significantly increase weight loss surgery rates to help patients reduce weight and obesity-related conditions. Studies show surgery is clinically effective and cost-effective, with benefits including reduced healthcare costs in the long term.
A new chemical sensor developed by Polish researchers can detect the presence of neopterin, a biomarker for certain cancers. The sensor uses molecular imprinting technology to capture molecules of neopterin from body fluids, with high accuracy and selectivity.
Immunizing babies against rotavirus led to a significant drop in hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The study found that even older kids benefited from the vaccination, demonstrating herd immunity.
Researchers have provided direct experimental proof that the Brazilian Zika virus strain can cause severe birth defects, including microcephaly and neurological diseases. The study used mouse models, human stem cells, and cerebral organoids to demonstrate the causal effect of the Brazilian virus on health.
A recent study found that large reductions in the prison population do not compromise public safety, as demonstrated by California's Realignment Act. By shifting responsibility for certain groups of offenders to local jurisdictions, realignment reduced the total prison population by 27,527 inmates and saved $453 million.
Researchers at Indiana University have identified the genetic pathways that control physical traits in horned beetles based on nutritional conditions during development. The study reveals a complex relay system transmitting information about external circumstances to the cell nucleus, allowing organisms to produce different traits in r...
The PaperID technology uses RFID tags to turn paper into a multi-gesture sensor, enabling interactive systems with gesture commands. Researchers developed various interaction methods to adapt RFID tags depending on the type of interaction desired.
The European Stroke Organisation Conference highlighted major clinical trials on treating patients who suffer a stroke caused by bleeding into the brain. Studies found that platelet transfusion may be harmful and is not beneficial for patients taking aspirin. Additionally, tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) treatment was shown to red...
Researchers have developed a method to analyze the electronic states of iron(II) in aqueous solution, revealing new insights into its interactions with surrounding solvent. This breakthrough could improve our understanding of electron interactions in catalytic and functional materials.
Researchers evaluated an IHC screening tool for ROS1 gene rearrangements in a cohort of 170 patients. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity rates, making it a feasible option for first-line screening in a lung cancer setting.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that wolf puppies do not follow the expected 50:50 rule in play interactions, instead showing more equal play with similarly aged partners. Adult wolves, on the other hand, exhibit self-handicapping behaviors to engage younger pups in play.
Researchers discovered a combination of compounds found in red grapes and oranges that improves glycemic control, vascular function and reduces inflammation in overweight and obese subjects. The treatment has shown promising results in a clinical trial and could lead to new treatments for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Florida Atlantic University has received a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to install networking infrastructure that will amplify its ability to conduct data-intensive science and engineering research. The network design, referred to as a DMZ, will provide faculty and students with a tenfold increase in capacity.
A new NIH study explores how deaf adults, proficient in ASL, use the internet for health-related information. The HINTS-ASL program collects data on trends in health communication and perception among this population. The research aims to improve the dissemination of health information to the deaf community.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have developed a new imaging agent that better predicts Alzheimer's disease progression than amyloid beta. The study found elevated tau levels are associated with cognitive decline and predict symptoms of dementia.
Researchers at Disney Research and Carnegie Mellon University have developed a framework called RapID that interprets RFID signals by weighing possibilities, reducing lag times from two seconds to less than 200 milliseconds. This enables the use of low-cost RFID tags in interactive objects, such as games, toys, and physical interfaces.
The offspring of depressed parents have a higher risk for depression, morbidity, and mortality that persists into middle age. Children with a family history are more likely to experience recurrent episodes of depression as they mature.
A massive analysis of DNA samples from over 13,000 U.S. soldiers has identified two statistically significant genetic variants associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The findings suggest a possible link between PTSD and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers in China report that fetal mice infected with the Asian Zika virus strain display characteristic features of microcephaly. The study found that neural progenitor cells were initially infected, followed by neurons, and that almost all cell death occurred in neurons, not progenitor cells.
A new study from Duke University and King's College London found that urban children are at a higher risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms due to low social cohesion and high crime rates. The study, which followed 2,232 British twins, found that 7.4% of urban children had experienced at least one psychotic symptom by age 12 compared ...
Researchers developed HuMiX, a human microbiome research tool that accurately models the complex interactions between human cells and bacteria. The model allows for the study of metabolic processes, including communication between the intestine and brain, and has potential applications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at University of Bristol and Newcastle University have discovered a natural Diels-Alder enzyme, AbyU, which catalyzes the powerful chemical reaction. The discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotics and other medical treatments.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati developed a simple in-home screening device to monitor blood-clotting levels, reducing frequent lab tests and costs. The paper-based test stick can quickly reveal changes in coagulation properties, allowing patients to detect potential issues early.
Researchers developed mouse models to study Zika virus infection during pregnancy, revealing fetal brain damage and potential for long-term neurological problems. The studies also showed the importance of understanding how the virus latches onto the placenta to prevent transmission.
Dr. Callahan has spent over two decades developing new models of care to improve the health of older adults with internists or primary care physicians. His research emphasizes team-based care, social services, and practical strategies for primary care physicians.
Researchers developed a new approach to prostate cancer treatment using vessel-sparing radiation combined with MRI. The technique reduces side effects such as erectile dysfunction and bladder or rectal irritation while achieving high cure rates.
Researchers found that tau tangles are a better indicator of dementia in late-stage Alzheimer's disease, correlating with cognitive deficits and cerebrospinal fluid tau levels. PET imaging also showed stronger associations between tau deposits and amyloid plaques than previously thought.
A study of 6,671 individuals found lower rates of self-harm and unintentional injuries among those taking lithium compared to other mood stabilizers. Lithium may reduce impulsive aggression in addition to stabilizing mood.
A study published in JAMA Cardiology found that slow gait speed before surgery is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity following cardiac surgery. For each 0.1 meter/second decrease in gait speed, there was an 11% relative increase in operative mortality.
A doctoral student at the University of Pennsylvania has identified a new species of fossil dog, Cynarctus wangi, found in Maryland. The specimen, dating back to 12 million years ago, represents a distinct species from the extinct subfamily Borophaginae.
A US study found that a gender-equity program involving both husbands and wives reduced marital sexual violence while improving contraceptive practices in rural India. The CHARM program demonstrated the effectiveness of including men in family planning counseling.
A UA computer engineering researcher is developing a guided simulation model to train surgeons on minimally invasive robotic systems. The system uses visual and haptic force guidance to help correct depth perception mistakes, reducing the risk of serious damage during complex procedures.
Researchers from Kobe University identified enzymes that convert 3-hexenal into 2-hexenal, reducing the grassy odor in tomatoes. This breakthrough can be used to produce sweet tomatoes with less unpleasant fragrance.
A Canadian study reveals ICU caregivers are at high risk of developing clinical depression and emotional distress after patient discharge. The study highlights the need to consider mental health in post-ICU care, finding that caregiver characteristics and situation play a significant role in determining outcomes.
Researchers at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center have discovered that the intracellular domain of serotonin type 3A receptors can assemble into stable pentamers, suggesting a new approach to treating diseases such as epilepsy, anxiety, and Alzheimer's. This breakthrough may enable targeted therapies without undesired effects.
The study provides unprecedented molecular views of the critical early events in gene expression, positioning RNA polymerase to start transcription. The researchers captured human PICs in three functional states, revealing new structural elements and insights into DNA engagement, promoter melting, and transcription bubble stabilization.
Researchers have developed mouse models of Zika infection in pregnancy, revealing that the virus causes significant damage to the placenta and leads to fetal demise or stunted growth. High levels of viral genetic material were found in placentas, highlighting the importance of understanding how Zika affects pregnant women.
Research from the University of South Carolina found that fast casual restaurants have a higher average calorie count than fast food establishments. The study analyzed menus at 34 fast food and 28 fast casual restaurants, finding that fast casual entrées averaged 561 calories compared to 760 for fast food.
In a groundbreaking discovery, Czech researchers found the first case of ovoviviparity in long-horned beetles from Borneo, resulting in three new genera and four species descriptions. The study reveals high morphological diversity in this lineage, challenging current knowledge on beetle reproduction.
Research found a significant increase in first-time stroke hospitalizations among young Danish adults between 1994 and 2012. The study suggests lifestyle-related risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, may contribute to this trend.
A genome-wide association analysis of over 1,000 UK twins found that some parts of the microbiome are inherited through genes. The study identified more than a dozen microbes with known links to health that are heritable.
Researchers analyze the Kepler-223 star system, finding a unique orbital configuration similar to that of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. The study suggests that the four planets may have migrated through a disk, getting stuck and maintaining their current orbits, which differs from the formation process of Earth's inner planets.
Researchers at Université de Genève identified a protein Mac1 that plays a key role in recycling photosystem I components to recover iron. In response to nutrient deficiencies, the alga dismantles its photosystems and recycles some of their components.
The IsoPSA test detects prostate cancer by identifying molecular changes in the prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein. It also differentiates between high-risk and low-risk disease, as well as benign conditions.
Researchers study concentrated storms causing extreme flooding in urban areas and high methane emissions from the Bakken oil field. Scientists also investigate black carbon in oceans and its impact on marine life. Additionally, a new study reveals that half of streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin originates as groundwater.
A new study highlights the urgent need for the US to step up forest pest prevention measures, as imported pests cause over $2 billion in damages annually. Strengthening prevention efforts could alleviate economic burdens on homeowners and municipalities while safeguarding US trees.
A new report by The Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing reveals that unsafe sex has become the fastest-growing risk factor for ill health among young people aged 10-24 years. Guaranteeing access to free quality secondary education is identified as a single best investment to improve adolescent health.
Researchers have identified a snitch that reveals cancer cells to the immune system by producing interferon, activating macrophages and T cells to kill cancer cells. MUS81 enzyme plays a crucial role in this process, triggering an immune response in cancer cells.