Researchers designed a biomimetic environment to support the growth of engineered whole lungs. The new bioreactor system mimics ventilation and blood flow in the chest cavity, keeping lung tissue alive and functional.
A new study uses advanced techniques to identify a lost type specimen of the grey seal species, shedding light on its origins. The research has implications for conservation efforts and can be applied to study existing, lost, and novel specimens.
A study published in JAMA found that providing patients with online tools to search for healthcare prices did not lead to lower spending. Researchers compared over 445,000 employees who used the tool to those who didn't and found no significant reduction in outpatient spending.
A study of 295,420 infants in Bavaria found increased T1D risk associated with respiratory tract infections between 2-9 months and 3-5.9 months of age. Early exposure to viral infections may impair immune system response, suggesting a crucial first half-year of life for autoimmunity development.
Researchers found that curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) could spare approximately 10,500 livers from being transplanted into HCV-infected patients over a twenty-year period. This would also lead to an estimated 7,300 livers being transplanted into liver disease patients without HCV.
NASA has successfully miniaturized passive thermal-control technology for CubeSats, overcoming challenges of regulating temperature in smaller satellites. The new device, tested through various cycles, will be flight-tested on the Dellingr spacecraft and enables longer-term space exploration missions.
Physicists have found a novel pattern-forming mechanism in biological systems, with the discovery of a crucial protein that forms ring-shaped filaments to constrict bacterial cells. At high concentrations, FtsZ polymers self-organize into ring-like structures, leading to the formation of Z-rings and daughter cells.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute have developed a new imaging tool that enables neurosurgeons to visualize brain tumor cells in real-time during surgery. This technology, known as confocal laser endomicroscopy, allows surgeons to identify and characterize tumor tissue more accurately than traditional methods.
A newly discovered Australian plant species has been named Solanum ossicruentum, based on characteristics of its unripened and mature fruits. The name was chosen from essay submissions by a class of US 7th graders who participated in the research project.
Researchers found that muscle destruction must precede ligament destruction for vertebral retraction to occur. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding the death of dinosaurs like Sinosauropteryx.
A study suggests that current vaccines provide only partial protection against the G5 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus, and natural infection with a different strain may not offer protection. The findings indicate that an emerging crisis in South-East Asia is possible, warranting further research on vaccines.
Bhounsule plans to create algorithms enabling legged robots to balance on difficult terrain. His goal is to make a versatile robot with efficient balance and navigation capabilities.
Robert Smith, a UM computer science assistant professor, was awarded a CAREER grant from the National Science Foundation to develop new analysis techniques for mass spectrometry. This advancement may lead to breakthroughs in fields like medical diagnostics, drug development, and research into Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed a method to detect and map fungal associations between forests and fungi using satellite data, providing insights into tree species' nutrient status and ecosystem productivity. This technique allows scientists to study complex processes like nutrient cycling at vast scales.
The new Guidelines from the American Association of Feline Practitioners provide a concise explanation of what veterinary professionals know about the etiology and pathogenesis of clinical feline hyperthyroidism. The guidelines outline six clinical categories with associated management strategies to treat all hyperthyroid cats, regardl...
A new vortex identification method has been proposed to accurately visualize vortices in complex 3D flows. The method uses a ratio of vorticity square over the sum of vorticity square and deformation square to define and identify vortex structures, offering a universal and accurate approach.
Two laboratory studies found that grape polyphenols reduced body fat, improved gut barrier function and increased beneficial bacteria in mice fed high-fat diets.
The report found that 60% of people with autism who received services from Vocational Rehabilitation left the program with jobs, but the median weekly earnings were low, with part-time workers earning $160/week and full-time workers earning $380/week. State variations in employment rates and wages were also noted.
Three NASA satellites will observe Mercury's transit, offering a rare opportunity to study planetary motion and the sun's effects. The event will also be used to calibrate space instruments and test spacecraft.
A new USC study has found that mother's hepatitis B can support chronic infection in children, leading to a potential cure. The research, published in Immunity journal, suggests that removing 'traitor' cells from the liver's immune system may be key to clearing the virus.
Researchers estimate cheetah populations in the Maasai Mara to be lower than previously thought, with an average of 1.28 adult cheetahs per 100km2. The 'spatially explicit' method used can distinguish between visiting and resident animals, providing a more accurate count.
Researchers identified Pf-POU3F4, which promotes Aspein and Prismalin-14 expression in oyster shells. The study provides new perspectives on biomineralization and its similarities to bone and tooth formation in mammals.
Scientists at Binghamton University used state-of-the-art microscopy techniques to study copper oxidation, revealing new insights into its atomic-level mechanisms. Their findings aim to develop alloys with improved resistance to corrosion in water systems, a critical step towards preventing future public health crises.
Dr. Peter Jones, Chief Scientific Officer at Van Andel Research Institute, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences for his outstanding contributions to cancer research and epigenomics. His work focuses on developing novel approaches to cancer treatment and alleviating suffering from the disease.
Researchers from the University of Birmingham found that extended rest intervals can improve muscle growth by increasing myofibrillar protein synthesis. They recommend at least 2-3 minutes of rest between sets for novice weight trainers, while experienced lifters may not experience the same blunted response.
Megan S. Ballard receives the R. Bruce Lindsay Award from the Acoustical Society of America for her contributions to underwater acoustic propagation modeling and inversion techniques in acoustical oceanography. The award recognizes her research on sound field calculation in complex underwater environments.
Researchers developed a method to replicate complex, colored 3D models quickly and cheaply using an industrial production technique and accessible software. The technique has been tested with various objects, including a Chinese mask and car body shells, producing high-quality replicas.
Whitlow Au, a renowned expert in dolphin biosonar, receives the prestigious Gold Medal from the Acoustical Society of America. His research has focused on understanding why dolphin biosonar is superior to man-made sonar.
A study by the University of Adelaide found that 45% of children's daily energy intake came from discretionary foods high in fat, salt, and sugar. The research also revealed inadequate fiber and dairy intakes, as well as excessive salt consumption among boys and girls.
A study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found that loperamide, a key ingredient in Imodium, is being abused by people seeking to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms or euphoria. The medication's safety is compromised when used in high doses, leading to cardiac dysrhythmia and death.
Current whale migration models are too simplistic and don't account for the complexity of their ecological behavior. A deeper understanding of factors like reproductive patterns and local adaptations is needed to understand the diversity of migratory habits in baleen whales.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Surgery found that emergency surgery patients in lower-income countries have a significantly higher mortality rate. The study monitored 10,745 patients and found death rates were three times higher in low-income countries despite adjustment for prognostic factors.
Vishva Dixit's research on programmed cell death has significantly contributed to the understanding of apoptosis mechanisms, with implications for cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases. His work also revealed the association between inflammatory diseases and the immune system, shedding light on novel therapeutic strategies.
Enzymes play a crucial role in most biological processes by controlling energy transduction and genetic information. Researchers at USC determined that dynamics has little to do with accelerating enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates, clarifying the factors contributing to their activity. This discovery sheds light on the 100-year-old puzzle...
Despite progress, US HIV infections declined by 11% and transmission rates fell by 17% between 2010 and 2015. However, the country failed to meet President Obama's 25% reduction in new infections and 30% decrease in transmission rate targets.
A web-based guided self-help intervention has been shown to reduce the incidence of major depressive disorder in adults with subthreshold depression. The study found that 55 participants in the intervention group experienced MDD compared to 84 in the control group, resulting in a significant reduction in risk.
Research at Eindhoven University of Technology found that motorcycles can reduce air resistance for cyclists by up to 14% when riding behind them. This could result in significant time gains in time trials, with some estimates suggesting an advantage of several seconds to a minute.
A Johns Hopkins study suggests that over 250,000 deaths per year in the US are due to medical error. The researchers advocate for updated criteria for classifying deaths on death certificates to better reflect reality.
Physicists have developed a way to differentiate between the active motions of living cells and those driven by random molecular movements. The method uses video imaging and analysis to identify non-equilibrium systems in living organisms.
A study found that Labrador retrievers with a genetic variation in the POMC gene are more likely to be obese and food-motivated. The deletion affects dogs' ability to produce neuropeptides, leading to increased hunger and food begging behavior.
Researchers found that babies whose moms receive flu vaccinations while pregnant have a significantly reduced risk of acquiring influenza during their first six months of life. The study, published in Pediatrics, showed that infants born to vaccinated mothers had a 70 percent reduction in laboratory-confirmed flu cases and an 80 percen...
The study found a positive association between placental size and offspring bone mass at various ages, even after adjusting for factors such as height, weight, and pubertal status. Larger bones in early life are expected to lead to stronger bones in older adulthood, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
The US saw an 11% decrease in new HIV infections and a 17% drop in transmission rates from 2010 to 2015. However, the country fell short of its goal to reduce these numbers by 25% and 30%, respectively.
The new journal Occupational Health Science will focus on research related to worker safety, health and well-being. The journal will publish leading-edge research on behavioral, social and psychological aspects of occupational health.
A large Danish cross-sectional study investigated the association between migraines with aura and silent brain infarcts. The research team found no evidence of a connection, which may be reassuring for patients suffering from migraines with aura.
Researchers warn that herbal remedies containing Aristolochia, used for over 2,000 years, can lead to kidney cancer and other health issues in genetically susceptible individuals. The authors call for global action to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botanical products.
A NASA study finds that elevated carbon dioxide concentrations can increase crop yields by boosting photosynthesis and reducing transpiration, but this effect varies regionally. Some crops like wheat and rice benefit from higher CO2 levels, while others like maize may experience yield losses.
The MCU structure is a homopentamer with a hydrophilic pore, featuring two carboxylate rings as the ion selectivity filter. This novel ion channel architecture suggests a passage for calcium transport.
Scientists at OIST have developed a new method to fabricate glass microlasers, called whispering gallery microlasers, which are tiny optical devices that create intense light with one color or wavelength. The new technique allows for quick and easy fabrication of smaller devices for biosensing and optical communications.
A team of experts aims to use cutting-edge techniques like induced pluripotent stem cells and gene editing to bring back the critically endangered species. The San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance is leading the effort, which also involves collaborations with international partners.
Research on Black Sparrowhawks reveals that dark birds excel in low-light conditions due to better camouflage, while light birds thrive in brighter environments. This study supports the idea that color polymorphism arises from adaptations to distinct light conditions.
Researchers discovered that single-celled algae can coordinate their flagella into leaping, trotting, or galloping gaits, similar to four-legged animals. The networks of elastic fibres within the cell play a crucial role in coordinating these diverse movements.
Researchers found that a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor, AZD1480, reduces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease rat models. The study suggests that Jakinibs may be an important new approach to slow the progression of the disease.
A survey of residents in Leeds and Warsaw found that those perceiving their neighborhoods as diverse were more prejudiced. In contrast, actual ethnic diversity had no negative effect on attitudes towards minority ethnic groups.
Researchers discovered that macrophages can grab and repair broken blood vessel ends in zebrafish brains, suggesting a potential natural repair mechanism for microbleeds. This process, observed over three hours, involved adhesion molecules and mechanical traction forces.
Susan Blaeser, Standards Manager of the Acoustical Society of America, has been awarded the Distinguished Service Citation for her outstanding service to the society. She has managed the ASA Standards Program and administered U.S. Technical Advisory Groups to international organizations.
Scientists at the University of Würzburg have developed a supramolecular ruthenium macrocycle that mimics photosystem II, improving water oxidation efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The new catalyst enables the production of high-energy-density fuels like hydrogen, methane, or methanol.
Researchers have developed a way to print lasers using an inkjet printer, creating 'lasing capsules' that can be easily disposed of after use. The tech estimates production costs at just a few cents per unit.
A new study found that vasopressin increases placebo analgesic effects in women, particularly those with lower acute stress and anxiety. The findings suggest a new mechanism for the neurobiology of placebo effects and open up research directions for understanding the vasopressin system.
Researchers at Columbia University have found that individual stocks may be overpriced for longer periods of time and more often than previously thought. The study estimated the number of bubbles in the US stock market between 2000 and 2013, counting up to 13,000 bubbles, or an average of four bubbles per stock.
Researchers found that riluzole reversed key genetic changes associated with Alzheimer's and cognitive decline in rats. The drug restored expression of glutamate-clearing molecules and genes critical for neural communication and plasticity.
Researchers at Washington State University and Harvard University have discovered a critical mechanism that enables bacteria to efficiently infect the gut. The 'type III secretion system' directs bacterial traffic, controlling whether bacteria become trapped inside vacuoles or break out into cell fluid.
Researchers have identified five new gene regions associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, bringing the total number of known risk regions to nine. This discovery doubles the number of genetic risk factors known for the disease, which affects one in four women worldwide.
A new study published in Human Relations suggests that integrating work and home life can reduce the impact of role transitions and preserve job effectiveness. Flexible working arrangements and goal setting can help employees manage their time more efficiently.
A national survey of over 34,000 adults found that individuals with bipolar disorder are equally likely to develop anxiety as depression after experiencing an episode of mania. This study may lead to a broader clinical definition of bipolar disorder that includes episodes of mania along with anxiety or depression.
A study found that specific personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, were associated with individual differences in the use of MBSR during and post-training. The findings suggest that MBSR programs can be tailored to targeted populations based on their personality traits.
Researchers at NYU Tandon School of Engineering have developed a novel noise reduction technology called SEDA, which tunes out ambient talkers and tunes in on the person the wearer wants to listen to. This algorithmic approach can improve speech clarity for those with hearing loss and has potential applications beyond cochlear implants.
Researchers at Lund University have proven that transplanted nerve cells can survive and function in the human brain for many years, restoring normal dopamine production. A study followed a Parkinson's patient whose nerve cells survived for nearly a quarter of a century after transplantation.
The discovery of three new mouse lemur species in Madagascar highlights the need for conservation efforts to protect these tiny primates. The study, which used advanced statistical methods, provides insight into the evolutionary process and has significant implications for clarifying diversity in other species.
A recent study found that offering health care price transparency tools to employees did not result in lower outpatient spending. The study compared the spending patterns of employees who had access to the tool with those who did not, and found no significant difference in average outpatient spending.
An experimental study found that readers prefer articles attributed to real journalists, but rate computer-generated texts as more credible. The study suggests that readers' expectations and limited experience with computer-based reports contribute to these differing assessments.
A randomized study found that chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival compared to chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, contradicting prior expectations. The study also showed no significant difference between gemcitabine and gemcitabine plus erlotinib treatments.
A genetic variant in Labradors has been identified as a key factor in their obesity-prone nature. The POMC gene affects how the brain recognizes hunger and feelings of fullness after meals.
Medical errors are a leading cause of death in the US, with estimates suggesting 210,000 to 400,000 deaths per year among hospital patients. Experts call for better reporting and strategies to reduce medical errors, including making errors more visible and having remedies at hand.
Researchers found an inverse association between muscle fat and physical activity level, as well as a positive link with body mass index. Ultrasound technology proved advantageous for assessing muscle composition, particularly for individuals with disabilities or certain medical conditions.
Researchers identified 43 genes with autism susceptibility also linked to cancer, potentially leading to repurposed treatments. Common biological mechanisms may enable personalized medicines for neurodevelopmental disorders.
A team of physicists has proposed an experiment that could detect entangled photons directly, paving the way for new applications in quantum physics. The experiment involves amplifying entangled photons 100-fold and using a special technique to preserve their quantum physical effect.
Researchers at HKUST elucidated the dynamics of backtracking in RNA polymerase II, revealing a stepwise process that detects mis-incorporated RNA and corrects errors. The study provides insight into fundamental mechanisms of transcription and may help understand human diseases and aging related to transcription infidelity.
Armen Sarvazyan has been awarded the Helmholtz-Rayleigh Interdisciplinary Silver Medal by the Acoustical Society of America for his contributions to ultrasound imaging and its applications. He made significant findings on elasticity imaging technology and developed ultrasonic devices for biomolecular interactions.
A study by Ken Suzuki and team found that M2 macrophages play a crucial role in repairing damaged myocardial tissue after a heart attack. Supplementing with these cells or using the cytokine IL-4 can restore repair capabilities and potentially reduce the risk of cardiac rupture.
Researchers have identified a core group of neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus that share information during resynchronization, while those outside this central hub behave like acquaintances. Understanding the SCN's neural network structure is crucial for tackling illnesses like diabetes and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a link between cholesterol metabolism and pancreatic cancer spread, pointing to potential new treatment using drugs for atherosclerosis. Controlling cholesterol metabolism reduces tumor growth and metastasis in mice.
A team of researchers has successfully imaged all steps in a complex organic reaction, revealing the mechanisms behind it. The study used atomic force microscopy to visualize the bond configuration of reactants, intermediates, and products, providing new insights into the stabilization of intermediates.
The Department of Energy has selected 49 scientists from across the US to receive significant funding for research under its Early Career Research Program. Researchers will receive up to $500,000 per year for five years to support their formative work.
George E. Fox, University of Houston professor and renowned biologist, has been awarded the university's highest faculty honor, the Esther Farfel Award. His groundbreaking research, including the discovery of the Archaea domain, has earned him recognition as one of the most meritorious scientists alive today.
Scientists have found that pieces of the underside of the North American Plate are peeling off, sinking into the mantle, and causing earthquakes in the southeastern US. This process is likely to produce more earthquakes in the future due to unbalanced stresses in the plate.
Researchers identified factors that make some species more resilient to extinction, including color variation, live birth, and low-latitude habitats. These species are more likely to adapt to future climate changes, helping conservationists predict which species are most at risk.
New research suggests that heat-based exercise is a more efficient means of improving altitude tolerance than normobaric altitude training. Heat-based training reduced physical strain and improved time-trial performance in cyclists, with similar effects on blood cells as low-oxygen training.
The Gutenberg Research College has appointed Professor Klaus Müllen as a new fellow, while presenting Dr. Vishva Dixit with the Gutenberg Research Award 2016 for his groundbreaking research in apoptosis and inflammation.
Dr. Steve Granick, a renowned expert in colloids and polymers, has been selected for membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is one of 176 new fellows and 37 foreign honorary members to be formally inducted on October 8, 2016.
Scientists at UC San Diego have developed a new tool that allows them to visualize nanoscale mixing processes occurring in liquids. This technique enables researchers to study chemical interactions and kinetics, previously impossible with traditional methods.
Researchers at PPPL discovered that the bootstrap current is mostly carried by magnetically trapped electrons, contradicting previous understanding. This finding provides a new explanation for the large size of the bootstrap current at the tokamak edge.
A phase I trial of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine in Africa and Europe has shown promising results, with antibodies detectable after six months. The vaccine stimulates a strong immune response and appears to control virus replication.
Outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions were estimated to be 30% inappropriate in the US, with an annual impact of 34 million unnecessary prescriptions. A 15% reduction in overall antibiotic use is necessary to meet the White House National Action Plan goal by 2020.
Alan R. Palmer has received the William and Christine Hartmann Prize in Auditory Neuroscience from the Acoustical Society of America, recognizing his work on understanding the mechanisms behind sound perception and brain activity.
Researchers plan to use stored tissue samples, cell lines, and sperm to develop stem cell technologies and create viable northern white rhinoceros populations. The ultimate goal is to establish self-sustaining populations in several decades.
Researchers from the University of Leeds found that human steering in a driving simulator is influenced by visual speed signals, not just road edges. The study's findings suggest that our brains process information from across the whole visual scene to guide steering, similar to how insects choose their flight paths.
The CSU students were recognized for their research and community service in the environment and tribal public policy categories. They will participate in a Scholar Orientation and receive up to $7,000 in scholarships to support their junior or senior year.
The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging has released new guidelines for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves. The guidelines provide recommendations for a multimodality approach to diagnose and manage complications, including echocardiography as the first-line imaging modality. The study aims to improve assessme...
Researchers at Umea University and Swedish Defence Research Agency develop a three-dimensional structure of the HI-6 nerve agent antidote, revealing its binding mechanism to acetylcholinesterase. The breakthrough provides new insights into designing effective antidotes against sarin and other nerve agents.
The study found that sharing sanitation facilities with one or two households was associated with an increased risk of diarrhea in young children. Private household sanitation facilities were not found to be associated with this risk at all sites, suggesting a global health priority for access to these facilities.
Researchers at Arizona State University found that a particular type of cyanobacteria can bore into and live within solid carbonates, hastening coral reef erosion. The microbe orchestrate cell-to-cell calcium transport, developing specialized cells to store and regulate calcium levels.
New research by astronomers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics examines scenarios for Planet Nine's formation and finds most have low probabilities. The simplest solution suggests the solar system created an extra gas giant, boosting Planet Nine into its wider orbit over time.
The study found that Latinos diagnosed with bilateral AMD and large drusen had a substantially lower health-related quality of life compared to those with single-eye lesions. The research also indicates an earlier decline in quality of life due to early-stage AMD, highlighting the need for earlier stage interventions.
A new study found that more than 1,000 sperm whales have a mitochondrial DNA profile from a single 'Eve' ancestor tens of thousands of years ago. The females in this ancestral lineage are responsible for shaping the global population structure, showing strong fidelity to local areas.
Researchers found that yoga and aquatic exercise significantly improved symptoms of multiple sclerosis, including reduced fatigue, depression, and paresthesia. The study, involving 54 women with MS, showed a significant reduction in moderate to severe depression in those who exercised three times a week.