A new study from Aarhus University found that children with ADHD take longer to fall asleep at night and experience more disturbed sleep. The researchers also discovered that children with ADHD tend to fall asleep faster during the day than their peers, which may be a compensatory behavior for not being able to doze off during the day.
Researchers designed an equilibrium model to understand the factors that contribute to lens comfort, revealing the importance of suction pressure, radial tension, and hoop tension. The study aims to improve contact lens design and comfort, potentially leading to novel applications like drug administration and sensory enhancement.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a composite material that combines the strength of plastic with the biological information in natural bone. The 70% bone powder blend showed better bone formation than the 30% blend, but both were stronger and more effective than pure PCL.
The SCAI 2016 Hildner Lecture explores how surgery and cardiology merged to form the catheterization laboratory, revolutionizing cardiac therapy. Dr. Forrester discusses the key individuals who drove this evolution, including Dwight Harken and F. Mason Sones Jr.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have developed an Android mobile app that harnesses the capabilities of modern smartphones to generate spatial data for mapping landscapes. The app uses on-board sensors in smartphones, including GPS, compass, and camera, along with lightweight drones or kites, to capture high-quality images.
A study found that primary care practices offering teledermatology services had a 64% increase in patients visiting a dermatologist compared to non-participating practices. This expansion of care improved access to dermatologists for Medicaid enrollees, particularly newly enrolled patients.
Researchers have developed detailed digital models of organs that can accurately monitor and outcome measurements for clinical trials. These models can enable more effective monitoring of the impact of new drugs and treatments, reducing the need for invasive tests.
A study by MIT professor David Atkin found that migrants who hold onto their native cuisines often face a caloric tax, resulting in reduced calorie intake. In India, this phenomenon affects poor migrants on tight budgets, with a 7.2% reduction in calories.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have received a grant to design precision drug candidates targeting disease-associated RNAs, aiming to develop patient-specific therapies for neurological diseases and cancer.
A study published in Climatic Change found that emphasizing the collective causes of climate change significantly increases willingness to donate, whereas personal responsibility framing has little effect. The researchers surveyed over 1,500 participants and found a consistent increase in donations when framing the issue collectively.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have developed a newborn screening test for Niemann-Pick type C, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that typically isn't diagnosed until age 2. The test quickly identifies infants with NPC using a two-tiered testing strategy and measures levels of bile acid produced by the liver.
A new study from McGill University Health Centre finds that newborn screening for cystic fibrosis results in better nutrition, fewer hospitalizations, and lower rates of infection. Children diagnosed through newborn screening are also diagnosed at an earlier age and benefit more from new treatments.
Scientists at Imperial College London have created high-performance microporous polymer membranes with enhanced permeability and selectivity. These membranes can efficiently separate gases and liquids, reducing energy consumption and pollution, with potential applications in oil purification, desalination, and CO2 capture.
Research from the University of East Anglia found that eating family-style meals, playing music, and engaging in multisensory exercise can boost nutrition, hydration, and quality of life among people with dementia. The study assessed 56 interventions aimed at improving food or drink intake among over 2,200 people with dementia.
A Johns Hopkins study found that men with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a higher rate of yeast infections than those without these disorders. Women with schizophrenia also performed worse on memory tests after testing positive for yeast infections.
Researchers have created a simple process for producing high-quality red paints in traditional Japanese-style ceramics like akae. By mixing hematite, frit powder, and a solvent three times with a mortar and pestle, artisans can now easily replicate the distinctive color of these prized ceramics.
Researchers designed a biomimetic environment to support the growth of engineered whole lungs. The new bioreactor system mimics ventilation and blood flow in the chest cavity, keeping lung tissue alive and functional.
A new study uses advanced techniques to identify a lost type specimen of the grey seal species, shedding light on its origins. The research has implications for conservation efforts and can be applied to study existing, lost, and novel specimens.
A study published in JAMA found that providing patients with online tools to search for healthcare prices did not lead to lower spending. Researchers compared over 445,000 employees who used the tool to those who didn't and found no significant reduction in outpatient spending.
A study of 295,420 infants in Bavaria found increased T1D risk associated with respiratory tract infections between 2-9 months and 3-5.9 months of age. Early exposure to viral infections may impair immune system response, suggesting a crucial first half-year of life for autoimmunity development.
Researchers found that curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) could spare approximately 10,500 livers from being transplanted into HCV-infected patients over a twenty-year period. This would also lead to an estimated 7,300 livers being transplanted into liver disease patients without HCV.
NASA has successfully miniaturized passive thermal-control technology for CubeSats, overcoming challenges of regulating temperature in smaller satellites. The new device, tested through various cycles, will be flight-tested on the Dellingr spacecraft and enables longer-term space exploration missions.
Physicists have found a novel pattern-forming mechanism in biological systems, with the discovery of a crucial protein that forms ring-shaped filaments to constrict bacterial cells. At high concentrations, FtsZ polymers self-organize into ring-like structures, leading to the formation of Z-rings and daughter cells.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute have developed a new imaging tool that enables neurosurgeons to visualize brain tumor cells in real-time during surgery. This technology, known as confocal laser endomicroscopy, allows surgeons to identify and characterize tumor tissue more accurately than traditional methods.
A newly discovered Australian plant species has been named Solanum ossicruentum, based on characteristics of its unripened and mature fruits. The name was chosen from essay submissions by a class of US 7th graders who participated in the research project.
Researchers found that muscle destruction must precede ligament destruction for vertebral retraction to occur. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding the death of dinosaurs like Sinosauropteryx.
A study suggests that current vaccines provide only partial protection against the G5 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus, and natural infection with a different strain may not offer protection. The findings indicate that an emerging crisis in South-East Asia is possible, warranting further research on vaccines.
Bhounsule plans to create algorithms enabling legged robots to balance on difficult terrain. His goal is to make a versatile robot with efficient balance and navigation capabilities.
Robert Smith, a UM computer science assistant professor, was awarded a CAREER grant from the National Science Foundation to develop new analysis techniques for mass spectrometry. This advancement may lead to breakthroughs in fields like medical diagnostics, drug development, and research into Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed a method to detect and map fungal associations between forests and fungi using satellite data, providing insights into tree species' nutrient status and ecosystem productivity. This technique allows scientists to study complex processes like nutrient cycling at vast scales.
The new Guidelines from the American Association of Feline Practitioners provide a concise explanation of what veterinary professionals know about the etiology and pathogenesis of clinical feline hyperthyroidism. The guidelines outline six clinical categories with associated management strategies to treat all hyperthyroid cats, regardl...
A new vortex identification method has been proposed to accurately visualize vortices in complex 3D flows. The method uses a ratio of vorticity square over the sum of vorticity square and deformation square to define and identify vortex structures, offering a universal and accurate approach.
Two laboratory studies found that grape polyphenols reduced body fat, improved gut barrier function and increased beneficial bacteria in mice fed high-fat diets.
The report found that 60% of people with autism who received services from Vocational Rehabilitation left the program with jobs, but the median weekly earnings were low, with part-time workers earning $160/week and full-time workers earning $380/week. State variations in employment rates and wages were also noted.
Three NASA satellites will observe Mercury's transit, offering a rare opportunity to study planetary motion and the sun's effects. The event will also be used to calibrate space instruments and test spacecraft.
A new USC study has found that mother's hepatitis B can support chronic infection in children, leading to a potential cure. The research, published in Immunity journal, suggests that removing 'traitor' cells from the liver's immune system may be key to clearing the virus.
Researchers estimate cheetah populations in the Maasai Mara to be lower than previously thought, with an average of 1.28 adult cheetahs per 100km2. The 'spatially explicit' method used can distinguish between visiting and resident animals, providing a more accurate count.
Researchers identified Pf-POU3F4, which promotes Aspein and Prismalin-14 expression in oyster shells. The study provides new perspectives on biomineralization and its similarities to bone and tooth formation in mammals.
Scientists at Binghamton University used state-of-the-art microscopy techniques to study copper oxidation, revealing new insights into its atomic-level mechanisms. Their findings aim to develop alloys with improved resistance to corrosion in water systems, a critical step towards preventing future public health crises.
Dr. Peter Jones, Chief Scientific Officer at Van Andel Research Institute, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences for his outstanding contributions to cancer research and epigenomics. His work focuses on developing novel approaches to cancer treatment and alleviating suffering from the disease.
Researchers from the University of Birmingham found that extended rest intervals can improve muscle growth by increasing myofibrillar protein synthesis. They recommend at least 2-3 minutes of rest between sets for novice weight trainers, while experienced lifters may not experience the same blunted response.
Megan S. Ballard receives the R. Bruce Lindsay Award from the Acoustical Society of America for her contributions to underwater acoustic propagation modeling and inversion techniques in acoustical oceanography. The award recognizes her research on sound field calculation in complex underwater environments.
Researchers developed a method to replicate complex, colored 3D models quickly and cheaply using an industrial production technique and accessible software. The technique has been tested with various objects, including a Chinese mask and car body shells, producing high-quality replicas.
Whitlow Au, a renowned expert in dolphin biosonar, receives the prestigious Gold Medal from the Acoustical Society of America. His research has focused on understanding why dolphin biosonar is superior to man-made sonar.
A study by the University of Adelaide found that 45% of children's daily energy intake came from discretionary foods high in fat, salt, and sugar. The research also revealed inadequate fiber and dairy intakes, as well as excessive salt consumption among boys and girls.
A study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found that loperamide, a key ingredient in Imodium, is being abused by people seeking to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms or euphoria. The medication's safety is compromised when used in high doses, leading to cardiac dysrhythmia and death.
Current whale migration models are too simplistic and don't account for the complexity of their ecological behavior. A deeper understanding of factors like reproductive patterns and local adaptations is needed to understand the diversity of migratory habits in baleen whales.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Surgery found that emergency surgery patients in lower-income countries have a significantly higher mortality rate. The study monitored 10,745 patients and found death rates were three times higher in low-income countries despite adjustment for prognostic factors.
Vishva Dixit's research on programmed cell death has significantly contributed to the understanding of apoptosis mechanisms, with implications for cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases. His work also revealed the association between inflammatory diseases and the immune system, shedding light on novel therapeutic strategies.
Enzymes play a crucial role in most biological processes by controlling energy transduction and genetic information. Researchers at USC determined that dynamics has little to do with accelerating enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates, clarifying the factors contributing to their activity. This discovery sheds light on the 100-year-old puzzle...
Despite progress, US HIV infections declined by 11% and transmission rates fell by 17% between 2010 and 2015. However, the country failed to meet President Obama's 25% reduction in new infections and 30% decrease in transmission rate targets.
A web-based guided self-help intervention has been shown to reduce the incidence of major depressive disorder in adults with subthreshold depression. The study found that 55 participants in the intervention group experienced MDD compared to 84 in the control group, resulting in a significant reduction in risk.
Research at Eindhoven University of Technology found that motorcycles can reduce air resistance for cyclists by up to 14% when riding behind them. This could result in significant time gains in time trials, with some estimates suggesting an advantage of several seconds to a minute.
A Johns Hopkins study suggests that over 250,000 deaths per year in the US are due to medical error. The researchers advocate for updated criteria for classifying deaths on death certificates to better reflect reality.
Physicists have developed a way to differentiate between the active motions of living cells and those driven by random molecular movements. The method uses video imaging and analysis to identify non-equilibrium systems in living organisms.
A study found that Labrador retrievers with a genetic variation in the POMC gene are more likely to be obese and food-motivated. The deletion affects dogs' ability to produce neuropeptides, leading to increased hunger and food begging behavior.
Researchers found that babies whose moms receive flu vaccinations while pregnant have a significantly reduced risk of acquiring influenza during their first six months of life. The study, published in Pediatrics, showed that infants born to vaccinated mothers had a 70 percent reduction in laboratory-confirmed flu cases and an 80 percen...
The study found a positive association between placental size and offspring bone mass at various ages, even after adjusting for factors such as height, weight, and pubertal status. Larger bones in early life are expected to lead to stronger bones in older adulthood, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
The US saw an 11% decrease in new HIV infections and a 17% drop in transmission rates from 2010 to 2015. However, the country fell short of its goal to reduce these numbers by 25% and 30%, respectively.
The new journal Occupational Health Science will focus on research related to worker safety, health and well-being. The journal will publish leading-edge research on behavioral, social and psychological aspects of occupational health.