Viscoelastic polymer solutions exhibit elasticity, causing severe distortions in observed flow patterns. Researchers also studied 'living polymers', finding unique flow patterns with blockages in the channel.
Researchers at NUS have found that controlling TIP60 protein levels could prevent breast cancer cell spread. TIP60 interacts with DNMT1 and SNAIL2 to inhibit metastasis, suggesting a potential new strategy for treating various cancers.
Recent studies investigated two local heavy rainfall events in Beijing Metropolitan Region, revealing that cold pool outflows and urban surface played key roles. The development of convective storms was facilitated by a favorable convergence zone near the border of northwestward-concaved valleys and urban surfaces.
Researchers at Einstein College of Medicine are studying the genetic basis of congenital heart disease, with a focus on rare syndrome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The goal is to discover why some individuals have severe disease while others have mild presentations.
Research found road salt reduces female frogs by 10%, affecting population viability, while maple leaf litter has no impact. The study suggests a masculinizing effect of sodium in salt on tadpoles, potentially triggering sex reversal during development.
A recent study by University at Buffalo researchers found that nearly 90% of nursing home patients do not take advantage of dental services, even when they are free. The longer a patient stayed at the facility, the more likely they were to use dental services, but only 55% of patients used them during their stay.
A team of German researchers has developed a way to use microbubbles to power micro-robots wirelessly, offering multiple advantages over previous techniques. The approach allows for individual addressing, no on-board electronics, and scalability to sub-millimeter size.
A study investigated infectious disease mortality trends in the US from 1980 to 2014, revealing overall and infectious disease mortality decreased until 1995, then leveled off. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS led to a decline in overall and HIV/AIDS mortality rates.
Researchers at DESY and MIT create a miniaturized electron gun that accelerates electrons to high speeds using terahertz radiation. The device has the potential to revolutionize ultrafast electron diffraction experiments and enable new applications in physics and materials science.
A recent survey found that men generally lack awareness of risk factors contributing to male infertility, with only about 50% identifying potential dangers. This lack of knowledge can lead to devastating psychological impact and stress on relationships, emphasizing the need for public education to promote reproductive health among men.
Researchers discovered that a simple physical mechanism governs the formation of protein filaments, which are associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Type 2 diabetes. Understanding this process could lead to new therapies and materials for nanotechnology.
Integrating palliative care into bone marrow transplantation can improve patient quality of life, relieve symptoms, and reduce depression and anxiety. Caregivers also experience benefits, including reduced depression and improved coping skills.
Research in southern China reveals a relationship between tropical cyclones and summer monsoons, impacting regional rainfall patterns. The study separates total rainfall into cyclone- and monsoon-induced components to better understand the variability of summer rainfall in the region.
Scientists have found that protein and salt in food can drive post-meal sleepiness in fruit flies, leading to longer naps. The study used a system to measure feeding and sleeping behaviors of individual flies, revealing that larger meals result in longer sleep periods.
Researchers at MIT and Germany describe a new technique for generating ultrashort electron bursts, potentially leading to a shoebox-sized device that consumes less power than car-size laboratory devices. This could enable real-time imaging of cellular machinery in action with attosecond X-ray pulses.
Research suggests that pre-teens whose dads adjust well to parenthood and feel confident about their new role may be less likely to have behavioral problems. Fathers' emotional response and confidence in their new role are most strongly associated with lower odds of behavioral issues.
Research by Dr Kevin Arbuckle found that poisonous amphibians are 60% more likely to be threatened than non-toxic species due to the energetic cost of chemical defenses. This study suggests that toxic defense mechanisms may be detrimental to a species' long-term survival, highlighting the need for conservation efforts.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that Sudarshan Kriya yoga significantly improved symptoms of depression and anxiety in medicated patients with major depressive disorder. The technique, which includes sequential breathing exercises, reduced mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores by several points ...
The University of Utah Health has received a five-year contract renewal from the NIH to test drugs for treating refractory epilepsy, with the goal of identifying novel compounds. The program aims to address unmet medical needs in epilepsy patients and develop new therapies for different types of epilepsy.
DeMarco's work on dynamical systems has led to the emergence of arithmetic dynamics, a field that connects number theory with mathematical structures. Her research has also shed light on connections between dynamical systems and elliptic curves in arithmetic geometry.
A Martian ice deposit, Utopia Planitia, contains approximately as much water as Lake Superior, spanning over 2,050 miles in diameter. The deposit is estimated to be around 260-560 feet thick, consisting of 50-85% water ice.
Global health experts call for UN Security Council mandate to protect healthcare facilities from attacks, amid persistent and blatant breaches of Geneva Convention. The international community needs to stand up for medical neutrality, mandating the UN Security Council to provide protection for health facilities.
Researchers found that palliative care intervention reduced decline in quality of life and depression among patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing stem cell transplantation. Caregivers also reported a smaller increase in depression.
A study published in Science reveals a key role for the protein H1.0 in turning cancer tumor cells into cancer stem cells with the ability to sustain long-term growth and cause recurring disease outbreaks. The discovery could lead to medical interventions targeting these cells to prevent cancer spread.
A novel type of cell death, called ballooning cell death (BCD), has been identified in Huntington's disease. BCD is associated with mutant huntingtin and causes cells to expand like a balloon before rupturing.
A new study assesses the feasibility of green façades as a climate change mitigation strategy in urban environments. The research reveals that experts estimate the likelihood of implementation at only 2% without incentives, but increases to 14% with financial and legislative support.
Researchers have developed a method to measure the mechanical force that cancer cells exert on their fibrous surroundings. This study found that as cancerous cells migrate through 'cross-talk' with the matrix, it stiffens, causing the cell to pull harder and potentially promote metastasis.
A new study found that pediatricians in the US underdiagnose hypertension and prehypertension in children aged 3 to 18 by as much as 95%, leading to inadequate treatment. The study analyzed electronic health records of over 400,000 children and revealed that only 6% of those with diagnosed hypertension received prescribed medication.
A new light-based technique creates secure, invisible watermarks that can be used to detect and prosecute counterfeiting. The technique uses a complex pattern of light as a unique watermark, which is embedded into the content to be protected.
Researchers from the University of Edinburgh used computer models to predict the effect of climate change on North Atlantic coral populations. They found that a shift in winter weather conditions could threaten the long-term survival of these populations, which are maintained by tiny coral larvae.
Norovirus can shed for months or years, especially in immunocompromised individuals, and triggers other gut problems like IBS and IBD. Researchers discuss strategies to slow down the virus, including new vaccine approaches.
Researchers at University of Surrey develop a scalable and low-cost method to fabricate high-quality isolated organic single crystals using spray-printing. This breakthrough enables the production of inexpensive electronics with applications in flexible circuits, medical detectors, sensors, and more.
A new study found that palliative care significantly improves patients' quality of life and symptom burden, while also increasing patient and caregiver satisfaction. Researchers analyzed 43 trials involving 12,731 adults with serious illness and their family caregivers.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet have conducted a study on the impact of sex-discordant blood transfusions on post-cardiac surgery survival. Despite initial findings suggesting a possible increased risk, the new study found no association between these types of transfusions and mortality rates.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed transgenic grass species that can neutralize and eradicate RDX, a toxic compound used in explosives. These genetically modified grasses can remove all RDX from simulated soil within two weeks and retain none of the chemical in their leaves or stems.
Researchers at PPPL and Princeton University proposed a groundbreaking solution to the mystery of fast magnetic reconnection. They developed a detailed theory for the mechanism leading to rapid reconnection, known as plasmoid instability, which breaks up plasma current sheets into small magnetic islands.
Scientists at Oregon State University have successfully controlled electrical pulses in peripheral nerve fibers, offering new hope for paralysis patients. The technology could enable wearable control boxes that deliver impulses to implanted electrodes, allowing users to move their arms and legs.
A Polish-British team has developed a compact and efficient converter that modifies individual photons' properties, enabling the construction of complex quantum computers. The device achieves high conversion efficiency and preserves quantum superposition.
Researchers have pinpointed a cause and potential treatment for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, a rare form of sarcoma that does not respond to radiation or chemotherapy. The drug ceritinib shows promise as a new treatment option.
A combined pharmacological therapy and rehabilitation program shows promise in treating persistent cognitive difficulties after traumatic brain injuries, with modest yet significant improvements noted in verbal and nonverbal learning abilities, working memory, and divided attention.
Researchers have visualized the reaction of water molecules forming oxygen in plants, paving the way for studying this process step-by-step. This breakthrough could lead to developing technology to produce hydrogen gas from solar energy, mitigating climate change.
Three new studies provide insight into the effects of Zika virus on congenital brain damage in babies and adults with neurological disorders. The research highlights common CT brain findings, including decreased brain volume and calcifications, as well as MRI findings such as orbital injuries and anatomical changes in brain tissue.
Researchers found that the Anthophora pueblo bees use water to excavate sandstone, creating durable shelters that protect them from erosion and parasite buildup. This unique adaptation allows the bees to survive in drought-prone desert ecosystems.
A randomized trial found that preventive antimalarial drugs for children up to 10 years old reduced malaria cases and deaths, especially among older children. The study also showed a significant reduction in severe malaria incidence.
Researchers discovered that flies slept more after consuming larger meals, with protein and salt promoting sleep. The study suggests that 'food coma' might be a natural adaptation to maximize gut absorption of essential nutrients.
A new report proposes severing NFL doctors' ties with clubs to resolve structural conflicts and promote singular loyalty to players. The authors recommend establishing a new group of medical professionals dedicated exclusively to player care.
Research reveals broad public preference for habitat protection, rejecting lethal control and no government action. The study surveyed over 1,000 participants on the most effective approach to conserve endangered species.
A study found that adverse drug events in the US resulted in an estimated 4 ED visits per 1,000 individuals annually in 2013-2014. Anticoagulants and diabetes agents were implicated in 47% of these events, with older adults experiencing higher hospitalization rates.
Researchers assembled a comprehensive tree of prokaryotic life, exploring grand patterns of evolutionary change. The findings suggest that diversity is not limited by existing diversity or environmental changes, but rather results from random lineage splitting.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the genetic diversity of Onchocerca volvulus, the parasite that causes river blindness. The study reveals gene flow between savanna and forest strains, with genes from the savanna strain flowing into the forest strain due to differences in climate and black fly behavior.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that palliative care was associated with improvements in patient quality of life, symptom burden, and advance care planning. The findings suggest that palliative care can have a positive impact on patients' lives, but more research is needed to identify the most effective interventions.
A team of scientists has developed a mouse model that closely mimics fetal brain abnormalities caused by the Zika virus, revealing abnormal blood vessel formation and a leaky blood-brain barrier. This finding highlights the need to understand all the effects of Zika infection if successful therapies are to be developed.
A new study from UC Berkeley found that young blood does not improve tissue health and repair in old mice. In contrast, older mice experience large declines when receiving younger blood, suggesting inhibitors in old blood may drive the aging process.
A Viewpoint article published in JAMA outlines a compelling rationale for stratifying medical research data by sex, gender or both. The Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines aim to improve reporting standards, ensuring robust raw data for meta-analyses and better health outcomes.
A team of organic chemists developed a new reaction to directly install amines into carbonyl compounds, resulting in the rapid formation of optically active α-aminocarbonyls. This method enables access to chiral α-aminocarbonyls from readily available carbonyl compounds and hydroxylamines.
Researchers from Uppsala University developed computational tools to predict large-scale collective motion in simulated mass gatherings. They found that densely packed crowds are at risk of emergent structural mechanisms leading to disasters.
A recent study found that pregnant women who wanted to get vaccinated were often discouraged by healthcare professionals due to misconceptions about vaccine safety. The World Health Organization and Health Canada classify pregnant women as high-risk groups for severe flu complications.
A new study by the University of Delaware and colleagues reveals that oceans play a crucial role in absorbing excess heat from the atmosphere, redistributing it within the Earth system. This redistribution explains the observed decrease in global mean surface temperature, considered a key indicator of climate change.
Two studies support the feasibility and validity of minimally invasive autopsies in lower-income countries. High concordance rates were observed between diagnoses from simplified minimally invasive autopsy methods and complete autopsies, with high acceptability among participants in five settings across Africa and Asia.
Scientists have discovered a new dominant ant species in Ethiopia displaying signs of supercolony formation, expanding rapidly into disturbed habitats and potentially posing a global threat. The species, Lepisiota canescens, exhibits characteristics reminiscent of invasive species, including high densities and ecological dominance.
The American Geriatrics Society has released new guidance on care and decision-making for 'unbefriended' older adults. The recommendations aim to support vulnerable individuals while protecting others from becoming unbefriended as they age.
A longitudinal study found that young children whose mothers supported their early math learning through labeling object quantities had better math achievement at ages 4-5. This early support may provide a foundation for developing complex number skills and having lasting connections to math achievement through first grade.
A large randomized study found that Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) reduced malaria cases in children above 10 years of age by a quarter, demonstrating its potential to contribute to reducing transmission. The intervention also showed a high degree of protection with no severe side effects.
A combination of methylphenidate and cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation has been shown to improve attention, episodic memory, working memory, and executive functioning in adults with traumatic brain injuries. The study compared the effectiveness of two forms of cognitive therapy with and without the use of methylphenidate.
A new study published in Nature's Ecology & Evolution journal reveals that the shape of bacteria does not affect their ability to move, challenging long-held theories. The researchers analyzed data from 325 different species of Firmicutes bacteria and found no association between shape and mobility.
The study found that fly larvae contribute to nest sanitation, leading to heavier and larger nestlings. The presence of more fly larvae had a positive effect on nestling development, while fewer larvae resulted in smaller and lighter nestlings.
The Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology has added embedded 3D image videos to its articles, enhancing the value of five papers on kidney injuries, tumor diagnoses, and dental medicine. The videos allow readers to examine rotating 3D images in detail, gaining a deeper understanding of diagnoses, prognoses, and treatments.
Researchers discover that Calcium/Calmodlin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is the main effector behind the adaptation of the circadian clock to geographical environment in marine midges. This protein, also found in humans, may play a role in human chronotypes and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Studies reveal genes respond differently to high insulin levels and sustained low levels, with some expressing quickly and others repressing themselves. Researchers developed a method to control gene expression using temporal patterns and doses of insulin.
A new study finds that Detroit's poverty rate has increased, unemployment remains high, and public education is declining, highlighting the gap between the city's core and neighborhoods.
Researchers developed a machine-learning model that can distinguish between pathological hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and physiological changes in athletes' hearts, enabling easier diagnoses. The model demonstrated superior diagnostic ability comparable to conventional 2D echocardiographic and Doppler-derived parameters.
Heavy smokers with diabetes are at increased risk of death from causes other than lung cancer, according to a study published in the Radiological Society of North America. The study found that participants with diabetes had a doubled risk of all-cause mortality and non-lung cancer mortality compared to those without diabetes.
A study by CSIC researchers has discovered that volatile biostimulant compounds emitted by phytopathogenic microorganisms boost plant growth and flowering. The findings could lead to sustainable improvements in crop yields and encourage plant interactions.
A new, ultrathin film made of fused silver nanowires offers high conductivity and transparency, with potential applications in flexible displays and wearable electronics. The film can be bent repeatedly and stretched without losing its functionality.
Researchers discovered eight locations in the genome with copy number variants associated with schizophrenia risk, affecting dozens of genes or disrupting single genes. These ultra-rare variants occurred more frequently in genes involved in synapse function and carried a four- to 60-fold increased risk for psychiatric illness.
A global-scale survey of 100 snake species has found a larger number of snakes with a mutation that protects them from the deadly toxins stored in toad skin. The research reveals these mutations occur in a wider range of species than previously believed, challenging the initial assumption they were limited to toad-eating snakes.
A study is examining the impact of a music-based play intervention on shared distress experienced by children with cancer and their parents during chemotherapy. Up to 75% of young children and 50% of parents experience significant emotional distress, highlighting the need for effective interventions.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis isolated an enzyme GH3.5 that regulates the levels of two plant hormones, auxin and salicylic acid, simultaneously. The study reveals how this single enzyme controls distinct classes of hormones, providing new insights into the molecular pathways for growth and defense.
Elizabeth King, a Mizzou biologist, has received a $1.6m NIH grant to study the impact of genes on diet-induced health problems like obesity and diabetes. She will use fruit flies to investigate how nutritional resources affect life history and reproduction.
Researchers propose an integrated strategy for managing and analyzing global neuroscience data to maximize return on investments. The plan includes standardizing data descriptions, developing hardware and software ecosystems for archiving and sharing data, and collaborating with mathematicians to develop new approaches for data analysis.
A team of researchers has captured the first direct observation of diplonemids, a diverse group of single-celled hunters in the ocean. These microbes are found to be abundant, diverse and hunt both bacteria and larger algae.
A recent study found that individuals experiencing stress and strain are more likely to engage in deviant behavior such as gambling and substance abuse. The research, conducted by Romy Greco and Antonietta Curci, analyzed the effects of family influences on younger people's coping strategies.
A survey of 1,976 adult radiology outpatients found that most patients want to meet with a radiologist and have limited understanding of their role. Radiologists should make themselves available to address patient concerns and improve communication.
A University of Pittsburgh researcher has successfully regenerates heart tissues in mice using components from zebrafish, a skill lost among humans and other mammals. Human heart cells have also shown promising results in vitro, paving the way for potential treatments for heart disease.
Researchers found that a new triple regimen of integrase inhibitor Dolutegravir decreases viral load in semen very quickly, reducing the risk of HIV sexual transmission. This treatment approach could potentially shorten previous antiretroviral prophylaxis.
A new special section investigates how human motivations drive children's prosocial behavior, including empathy, sharing, and helping. The study reveals that children's cardiac patterns can predict their empathetic responses to others.
A new color-coding tool enables scientists to track live blood stem cells over time, revealing how blood disorders and cancers like leukemia arise. The tool has many implications for hematology and cancer medicine, including understanding clonal diversity and regulating its development.
A study of English schoolchildren found that the London 2012 Olympics inspired many to try new sports and activities, but levels of physical fitness worsened. Despite positive associations with increased activity and lower BMI among some participants, overall cardiorespiratory fitness declined significantly after the event.
Researchers found a link between the loss of hyaluronan and AEC2 stem cell failure, leading to scarring in lungs. The study highlights potential treatment pathways using drugs that stimulate AEC2 cell reproduction.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that newborn telemedicine consultations can positively impact patient care by providing enhanced access to neonatologists. This resulted in one-third of babies being able to stay with their families in the local hospital, increasing the value of care and potential cost savings.