Climate model experiments suggest Northeast Asia has experienced abrupt summer warming, with significant changes in temperature extremes since the mid-1990s. Dr. DONG's team attributes these changes to natural variability and anthropogenic forcings, with reduced aerosol precursor emissions over Europe playing a crucial role.
Researchers developed a framework to optimize liquid-crystal-based sensors for detecting specific chemicals, enabling portable and inexpensive detection. The approach uses computational chemistry and liquid crystals to create sensitive materials that can be used in various applications.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have found the Rabep2 gene plays a major role in forming collateral vessels that protect tissues from stroke damage. Variants of this gene may explain individual differences in survival rates after artery blockages.
A study from Lund University found that consuming high amounts of added sucrose increases the risk of myocardial infarction by about a third. The researchers analyzed data from over 26,000 participants and found no correlation between sugar intake and cardiovascular disease for those following general dietary recommendations.
Researchers estimate that implementing pictorial warnings on cigarette packs could prevent 652,800 smoking attributable deaths and 46,600 low-birth weight cases by 2065. The study, published online Nov. 3 in the journal Tobacco Control, suggests a direct association between graphic pictures and increased smoking cessation.
In a study by University of Leicester researchers, male stickleback fish change the design of their nests depending on oxygen content, while females also adjust their nest preferences accordingly. This flexibility might give sticklebacks an advantage in rapidly changing environments.
Researchers at MIT and NASA have developed a new morphing wing architecture that could greatly simplify the manufacturing process and reduce fuel consumption. The wing's shape can be changed and twisted uniformly along its length by activating two small motors, allowing for improved agility and aerodynamics.
Researchers at Wayne State University School of Medicine have shown that interactions between genetic variants and environmental exposures significantly impact human traits and diseases. The study highlights the importance of precision medicine initiatives for communities with different ancestries, including urban areas.
A new collection offers practical tools and guidelines for conducting clinical research on neglected tropical diseases in resource-constrained settings. The collection addresses key challenges, including infrastructure, culture, and ethics requirements, to improve patient management and population-based control and elimination.
Researchers found mutations in Ebola virus that increased its ability to infect human cells, potentially contributing to the outbreak's spread. The mutations did not affect the virus's ability to infect other mammalian species, including fruit bats.
Physicists use Flickr data to refine travel models and improve predictions on crowd movements. By combining geolocalisation data with existing theoretical models, they can help urban planners better dimension roads and utilities.
Researchers found that birds in tropical climates are not more colorful than those in temperate climates. Instead, birds in harsh desert environments have evolved fancier colors to attract mates quickly. Birds in humid forest environments are darker in color overall.
IDRI's TB Discovery Program will focus on developing more effective, cheaper, and faster-acting drugs to combat multi-drug resistant TB strains. The new funding from Eli Lilly will support the screening of over 500,000 compounds in search of potential TB drugs.
A new research effort is underway in the Solomon Islands and surrounding nations to catalog biodiversity and study evolution. The project aims to fill gaps in data and test hypotheses using modern methods.
The 'Digital Life' initiative aims to preserve the digital heritage of all life on Earth by creating 3D models of living organisms. Using the Beastcam Array, a rapid-capture system, scientists have already created models of sharks, scorpions, and other animals.
Researchers at The University of Manchester have discovered a potential therapy for alleviating chronic pain by tuning the brain's frequency. This new approach uses visual and auditory stimulation to reduce pain intensity in patients.
Scientists have identified two core genes, Sik3 and Nalcn, that regulate deep sleep and dreaming in mice. These findings provide a critical molecular entry point to explain how sleep works and may lead to the discovery of new treatments for sleep disorders.
Researchers have created computer models of blood flow through the heart's upper left chamber that may help predict stroke risk. The study found that a corkscrewlike motion helps move blood efficiently through the atrium, whereas an enlarged and diseased heart fails to form this motion, increasing the risk of developing a blood clot.
A study published in the journal Obesity found that a simple brain scan can predict weight loss success in elderly individuals with high accuracy. The researchers used MRI scans to measure brain gray and white matter volume, which provided higher prediction accuracy than using either one alone.
Researchers at McGill University have developed a new hip replacement that tricks the host bone into staying alive by mimicking the varying porosity of real bones. The implant is less solid than current ones but still strong, avoiding common problems such as bone resorption and pain.
Research findings from LSU and other institutions reveal devastating effects of the oil spill on coastal habitats and wildlife. The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative has funded numerous studies to better understand future large-scale perturbations and develop response strategies.
Progeria, a rare genetic disease, is characterized by an elevated risk of arrhythmias and premature death due to anomalies in the transmission of electrical signals in the heart. The study reveals that mislocalization of connexin 43 reduces connectivity between cardiomyocytes, increasing the risk of arrhythmias.
Researchers found that 78% of consumers admit comparing the upgrade to the status quo is necessary, but fail to do so in decision-making. When explicitly reminded to compare features, the likelihood of upgrading decreases. The study suggests overcoming comparison neglect requires accurate marketing and awareness.
Researchers analyzed tree-ring evidence with climate data, finding a pattern of fires over 500 years that intertwined El Nino patterns and human activity. The study suggests that indigenous populations used fire for resource management, creating dry firewood for various needs.
Researchers at UMass Amherst developed polymer-stabilized droplet carriers that can recognize and encapsulate nanoparticles for transport in a cell. These 'nanoparticle taxicabs' pick up particles on one surface and drop them off on another, representing the first successful translation of biological processes in materials science.
Researchers have developed sensors based on binary metal oxide nanocomposites that can detect gas leaks, including those potentially linked to terrorist attacks. The sensors utilize chemisorption centers to facilitate gas molecule adsorption, enabling fast response times.
A new study found that misdiagnosis of cellulitis leads to significant healthcare costs, with estimates suggesting between 50,000 and 130,000 unnecessary hospitalizations. The study also reveals that misdiagnosed patients would not have required antibiotics or prolonged hospital stays if they had been diagnosed correctly.
Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution discovered a previously unknown element of whale songs, particle motion, which could travel further than expected. This finding raises concerns about potential interference with whale communication due to human-made noise in the ocean.
A new study using SWAN data shows that black women experience a lower decline in sexual function compared to white and Japanese women during the menopause transition. After the final menstrual period, sexual function scores decreased by 0.35 annually for five years, with smaller declines in black women and larger declines in Japanese w...
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have developed a new tool to predict lung cancer risk in never, light, and heavy smokers. By incorporating various risk factors, the model can better classify those in greatest need of lung cancer screening, thereby reducing unnecessary screenings and false positives.
A team of scientists at the University of Alberta has discovered a protein marker, PDGFRA, that can help diagnose and treat aggressive papillary thyroid cancer. This finding could lead to more targeted treatments and reduce the need for unnecessary surgeries.
A new study found that high-protein diets reduced liver fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with significant reductions seen in half of the participants. The diets were based on either plant or animal protein sources, and all participants benefited from the high-protein diet.
Elizabeth Belding and her team are working to provide internet access to 13 Native American reservations in the San Diego area with NSF funding. They will use white spaces technology to bring connectivity to remote areas, collecting data on user habits to improve the user experience.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab discovered a complex system of cell regulation that acts as quality control for genetic information transport out of the nucleus. They found that proteins associated with aberrant strands of genetic code are regulated, enabling gateway proteins to recognize and block them from exiting the nucleus.
Archaeologists have discovered the oldest known physical evidence for chickens in Africa, dating back over 2,700 years. The discovery sheds new light on how domesticated chickens were introduced to Africa via trade routes along the Red Sea and East African coast.
A new study published in Neurology suggests that a lack of hippocampus shrinkage may indicate an increased risk of developing dementia with Lewy bodies. The study found that individuals with normal hippocampus volume were 5.8 times more likely to develop probable dementia with Lewy bodies than those with atrophy.
A new questionnaire developed by Cornell University researchers accurately predicts problematic behaviors such as unprotected sex and binge drinking in young adults. The Gist Scale's 12 simple questions assess an individual's ability to delay gratification, with results showing it outperforms other measures in accuracy and length.
A new study reveals that 100 feet below the ocean surface is a critical depth for ecological activity in the Arctic polar night. Bioluminescence from marine organisms becomes the dominant light source at this depth, and changes in zooplankton composition are observed as depth increases.
Researchers discovered that small hydrophobic nanoparticles can insert into lipid membranes but superhydrophobic ones can escape spontaneously. This finding may lead to revised security norms for nanomaterials and raises concerns about public health and environmental toxicity.
New research from University of Southern Denmark shows that elite athletes' muscles produce more energy-efficient mitochondria, generating up to 25% more energy. This discovery has implications for treating diseases affecting muscle function and may lead to new treatment options.
Researchers developed a potent and well-tolerated BACE1 inhibitor, verubecestat, which safely reduced toxic β-amyloid levels in AD patients. The drug has shown promise in clearing amyloid plaques and is currently advancing to phase 3 trials.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde are developing miniature optical techniques to visualize the endothelium, a complex sensory system that monitors blood pressure and flow rates. The technology aims to revolutionize our understanding of vascular disease, including hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Scientists have created clusters of spherical compartments by mimicking natural organelle structures. The synthetic compartments were connected using DNA bridges, enabling controlled properties and architecture.
Researchers found that consuming high oleic canola oil enriched with Omega-3 significantly reduced triglyceride levels and PCSK9 protein concentration in plasma, suggesting a potential role for dietary fat in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Researchers developed a low-cost, environmentally friendly way to create rewritable printed materials using tungsten oxide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The material can be reused up to 40 times before quality declines, offering a potential solution to reducing paper waste.
Researchers at VIB and Ghent University have uncovered a novel protein complex that controls plant tissue repair. This breakthrough could enable the efficient cultivation of crops and make them more resistant to parasites like those found in rice, wheat, and bananas.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that mothers who participated in family therapy with their children recovered faster from substance use issues. Family therapy was more effective than individual therapy in reducing alcohol and marijuana use among mothers, while opioids use showed similar decreases in both groups.
Crossref's new infrastructure enables links between preprints and articles, maintaining clear citation records and connecting them to the full history of shared research results. Preprints will have their own nexus of connections with other preprints and articles.
The roadmap advocates for research efforts in human-robot interaction to develop intelligent machines that empower people to stay in their homes as they age. It also highlights the need for flexible robotics systems to accommodate customization in manufacturing and other areas.
A new study has identified a group of brain structural networks linked to loss of cognitive function, highlighting the importance of cerebral small vessel disease. The research found that certain networks are less affected by age, while others show decreased expression and correlation with impaired cognitive functioning.
Researchers at NIFS have successfully fabricated a small-scale divertor mock-up using a new direct tough bonding technique between tungsten and copper alloys. The bonding layer exhibits ductile properties, reducing thermal stress and improving reliability.
Two mouse mutants, Sleepy and Dreamless, have been identified with excessive and reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, respectively. The mutations have been linked to specific genes, offering a new perspective on the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
Researchers identified mutations in genes controlling sleep in mice, revealing roles for NALCN and SIK3 proteins in regulating sleep need and maintaining REM sleep. The study used a genetic screening approach to isolate sleep phenotypes and mutated genes.
Research finds generic cancer drugs are generally safe in countries with robust regulatory programs, but safety is uncertain in those with weaker oversight. In the US, economic studies show price savings from generics are limited by high review costs and lack of competition.
A Chapman University study finds that Orange County adolescents are more likely to vape when their school is located near e-cigarette specialty retailers. The study also reveals a high prevalence of e-cigarette use among local teens, with 27.5% of high school students having tried e-cigarettes.
A new study analyzing WHI clinical trials data found that women entering menopause before age 40 have a significantly higher fracture risk. Despite using calcium and vitamin D supplements, the risk remains elevated even with hormone therapy.
A recent study found that the uninsured rate in Metro Louisville decreased from almost 17% to under 8% in one year. The remaining uninsured population is disproportionately Hispanic, African American, male, and younger, with key reasons including expense and confusion about the enrollment process.
Scientists investigate RNA's ability to replicate itself under prebiotic conditions, revealing unexpected non-Watson-Crick pairings that might have hindered early replication. The findings suggest a more trial-and-error approach to the emergence of life.
A team of researchers from Utah State University, Dartmouth College and Brigham Young University used high-speed imaging and particle image velocimetry to describe the phenomenon. They found that buoyant spheres ascending through a fluid don't always behave as expected, with speed and vortex structures affecting their trajectory.
A new review suggests that testing for inherited thrombophilia is often unnecessary and can be costly. Experts argue that hospital patients who have already had dangerous clots don't need the test to justify medication and preventive measures, and there's no evidence it helps prevent future clots.