Researchers have identified genetic markers for greenbug and Hessian fly resistance in wheat, providing a new tool for breeders to combat these pests. The discovery enables the efficient transfer of resistant genes into new wheat lines using marker-assisted selection.
A study on rabbits found that exposure to BPA during pregnancy causes chronic inflammation in the intestines and liver, leading to changes in gut bacteria. This could have long-lasting health effects for the offspring, increasing the risk of obesity and inflammation-promoted diseases like colon cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Natural regeneration outperforms active restoration methods for biodiversity and vegetation structure recovery by 34-56% in tropical forests. The study controlled for key factors like forest amount, precipitation, and past disturbance to ensure accurate results.
Researchers identify three paradoxical dynamics: the curse of increased efficiency, where less efficient microbes thrive; and the curse of decreased inefficiency, leading to slower population growth. The study highlights complexities in engineered microbial communities and microbiomes, challenging assumptions about optimal strategies.
Dartmouth researchers create customized reflectors using 3-D printing to optimize wireless coverage, strengthening signals while making them more secure. The technology reduces interference and costs, offering improved performance and physical security for a fraction of the cost of traditional solutions.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have found that immunoglobulin infusions can improve pain and function in patients with autoimmune small-fiber polyneuropathy (SFPN), a condition previously thought to be idiopathic. The treatment has shown significant symptom relief for 75% of patients, allowing some to discontinue treatment.
A recent study found that poor academic performance at age 16 significantly increases the risk of suicide attempt, with those in the lowest GPA quartile facing a near five-fold higher risk. Researchers followed 26,315 Swedish individuals from age 16 to 46 and controlled for potential confounding factors.
Tropical Storm Rina has taken on a tight comma-cloud appearance, indicating it may be a sub-tropical cyclone. The storm is expected to turn north-northeast and then rapidly northeastward, with maximum sustained winds near 60 mph.
A team of scientists has discovered a remarkable exception to existing theories on supernovae, with a star that exploded multiple times over 50 years. The star, iPTF14hls, was initially observed as an ordinary supernova but grew brighter and dimmer at least five times.
Chromosol's new material technology enables faster and more energy-efficient communication between chips, reducing power consumption and increasing data transfer speed. The tech has the potential to significantly reduce energy use in data centres, a growing problem with environmental impact.
Researchers developed a new model of HIV infection in microglia using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, which will aid in understanding how the virus damages the brain and developing anti-HIV therapies. The model also offers a means to evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting the virus in challenging host cells.
A new study of 4886 SLE patients and 24,430 controls found a higher proportion of dementia among SLE patients (1.56% vs. 0.51%) and a 51% higher likelihood of developing dementia after adjustments.
The study found that the EGF receptor is crucial for tight junction barrier formation in the epidermis, a process previously understood to be limited to lower layers of the skin. Mechanobiology also plays a role, with cells sensing pressure and tension through connections between each other.
Researchers have developed a new platform for assessing anti-cancer drug efficacy in lung cancer, reducing attrition rates and increasing success of drugs. The 'explants' approach involves analyzing tumor tissue samples taken from patients immediately after surgery, providing patient-relevant data.
Research from MD Anderson Cancer Center suggests that chronic stress hormones can promote resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer patients. However, using beta blockers may slow or prevent this resistance, according to the study's findings.
Researchers found that people generalize knowledge from similar animals to those they encounter, leading to increased risk perception. This study highlights the importance of understanding inductive reasoning in health communication and its potential impact on public health.
Researchers from Kumamoto University have created a comprehensive genetic resource collection of plants with knocked out CLE peptides-encoding genes using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This collection is expected to contribute significantly to future studies on the function of plant peptide hormones.
A Stanford study found that mechanical heart valves are beneficial until age 70 for mitral valve replacement and until age 55 for aortic valve replacement. Researchers examined patient records from 142 hospitals in California between 1996 and 2013, resulting in the largest number of patients ever studied to examine this issue.
A Penn study reveals the physical mechanism of how platelets contract and shrink blood clots, which can inform new ways to diagnose and treat conditions like ischemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis. The research found that contracting platelets cause clots to shrink by bending and shortening individual fibrin fibers.
A new handheld spectrometer, compatible with smartphones, can acquire spectral images of everyday objects and biological samples. It has potential applications in remote medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring, and its compact design makes it easy to use.
The article attributes Trump's victory to a rejection of the Democratic Party by working-class voters in the Rust Belt, citing institutions like labor unions as key factors. The author argues that regional characteristics and institutions connected these voters to national politics, explaining unusual voting behavior in 2016.
A large observational study found that overlapping surgeries in neurosurgery do not result in significantly different patient outcomes, including deaths, complications, and functional status. The research suggests that overlapping surgery can be safely performed and may increase access to specialists for more patients.
Killer cells use a methodical approach to destroy bacterial invaders, inflicting oxidative damage and targeting critical proteins with the deadly enzyme granzyme B. The discovery offers new insights into how immune systems combat bacteria, potentially leading to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
Cells can sense and mend damaged DNA caused by certain chemotherapy drugs. Researchers discovered a previously unknown repair complex that targets this type of damage. This finding could lead to more effective chemotherapy treatments by amplifying the killing power of existing drugs.
Researchers at German Cancer Research Center discovered a link between energy metabolism and epigenetic code in leukemias and brain cancer. The enzyme BCAT1 plays a key role in the development of malignant tumors, including acute myeloid leukemia and breast cancer.
An international team of astronomers discovered a star that exploded multiple times over 50 years, challenging existing theories on cosmic catastrophes. The star, iPTF14hls, was found to be at least 50 times more massive than the sun and may be the first example of a rare 'Pulsational Pair Instability Supernova'.
The Data Science Institute developed a novel statistical method to measure predictivity in big data analysis. The approach allows researchers to compare their predictions to a theoretical baseline, enhancing accuracy. The team will help the New York City Department of Transportation assess complex social problems using big data sets.
Researchers at Osaka University designed a novel gait recognition method that can overcome intra-subject variations by view differences. The proposed architectures outperformed state-of-the-art benchmarks in accordance with their suitable situations of verification/identification tasks and view differences.
Tropical Depression 29W rapidly decayed after forming from remnants of Tropical Cyclone 28W. The NASA-NOAA Suomi NPP satellite captured a poorly organized low-level center near the Malay Peninsula, with maximum sustained winds near 20 knots.
Researchers at Rice University and Northwestern University have developed a method to use nanoshells to deliver high doses of cancer-killing drugs inside tumors. The approach uses laser-activated gold nanoparticles to release approved drugs in laboratory cultures, demonstrating clinical applicability.
Researchers are conducting a clinical trial using focused ultrasound and immunotherapy to destroy metastatic breast cancer cells. The treatment aims to prompt an immune response, allowing the body's white blood cells to recognize and kill the cancer cells.
A new study found that microRNA-34a contributes to liver fibrosis in ALD. Inhibiting this miR-34a reduces liver injury and fibrosis in ALD patients.
Researchers found that supervised exercise accelerated ulcer healing time by 22 weeks compared to compression therapy alone. The study suggests benefits for patients with venous leg ulcers, including cost savings.
The EU's Horizon 2020 program funds a €6 million project to transform problematic jellyfish into valuable resources. Researchers will analyze jellyfish life cycles and explore their use in producing microplastic filters, fertilizers, and fish feed. They also aim to develop biofilters to combat microplastic pollution.
A boy suffering from extensive skin damage due to epidermolysis bullosa was successfully treated with genetically modified stem cell transplants. The treatment resulted in the growth of high-quality, stress-resistant skin, allowing him to attend school and participate in social life.
Researchers have developed a new material for clothing that can cool people down without external energy needed, using a nanocomposite thread made from boron nitride and polyvinyl alcohol. The fabric is more efficient at moving heat away from the body than pure polyvinyl alcohol or cotton fabrics.
A large international study found that primary care consultations last less than 5 minutes for over half the world's population, with significant variations between countries. Shorter consultation times have been linked to poorer health outcomes and burnout among doctors.
Researchers found that inhibiting autophagy in tumor cells increases the production of CCL5, a cytokine that attracts NK cells. This leads to a significant reduction in tumor size and improved survival rates for melanoma patients.
Researchers studied microbial communities in permafrost sedimentary rocks under low temperature and pressure conditions similar to those on Mars. They found that these communities showed high resistance to simulated Martian environment, with some bacteria surviving even after doses of ionizing radiation exceeding 80 kGy.
An international team of astronomers, including Carnegie's Nick Konidaris, discovered a 'zombie star' that exploded multiple times over 50 years. The finding challenges existing knowledge of a star's end of life and was made possible by Konidaris' instrument-construction, which helped analyze the phenomenon.
The study found significant bleaching in Kimberley region and mild bleaching at Rottnest Island. Ningaloo Reef escaped bleaching, but experienced temperature-related coral mortality.
A new DNA antenatal screening method has been shown to be more accurate and safer than existing methods, detecting 101 out of 106 affected pregnancies. The method reduces false-positive rates by 100-fold, providing women with fewer anxious moments.
A UC Davis study reveals that seagrass biodiversity is essential for effective restoration, outperforming single-species approaches. Planting mixtures of diverse species improves survival and growth rates, highlighting the importance of ecosystem complexity.
A new survey reveals that almost half of UK kids fib about brushing their teeth, with barely a third of parents supervising their children's brushing twice a day. The consequences of neglecting children's teeth can be dire, with 40,970 surgical procedures carried out on children in 2014-15.
A new study published in Nature Medicine finds that sleep-deprived individuals experience slowed-down neuron activity, affecting their ability to process visual information and respond to tasks. This slowdown can lead to lapses in attention and behavior, posing a risk for drowsy driving and other safety hazards.
Women with ER-positive breast cancer still face a substantial risk of cancer returning or spreading even 20 years after diagnosis, according to a new analysis. The risk is directly tied to the original cancer's size and characteristics, as well as the number of lymph nodes involved.
Researchers have created a method to make photonic devices that can bend and stretch without damage, using a specialized glass called chalcogenide. These flexible devices could be used in various applications such as skin-mounted monitoring devices, diagnostic systems, or as connectors for electronics.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that fish biomass is up to five times greater in protected zones compared to unprotected areas at northernmost reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. The researchers analyzed data from 31 reefs and found that even in lightly exploited areas, protected zones showed significant benefits for fish popul...
A new Iowa State University study found that dual-language learners (DLLs) outperform English-only students in cognitive and academic areas once they gain basic English proficiency. DLLs with limited English skills also made significant progress, eventually matching or outperforming English-only peers.
A new study reveals that visual intelligence is a separate entity from general intelligence (IQ), with considerable individual differences among people. Researchers developed a novel test to measure visual object recognition and found that performance on this task was not predictive of IQ.
The American Heart Association has awarded $2 million in grants to researchers, clinicians and computer engineers to develop precision medicine projects. The grants will support the use of cloud computing and data analytics to improve cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
Researchers have developed a method to grow hundreds of lab-grown cancer spheroids from just a few tumor cells derived from a patient. These 3-D cultured cells can accurately mirror the response of natural cells implanted in mice, making them a potential tool for testing individualized treatments.
A recent study found that dietary isoflavone intake was associated with an elevated risk of advanced prostate cancer, but not non-advanced cases. Isoflavones are a type of phytoestrogen found in soybeans and other plants.
Researchers argue that central pressure deficit is a better indicator of economic damage from storms in the United States. The study suggests that this metric can be used to calculate peak wind speed, which could improve hurricane predictions.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine found that chronic liver inflammation suppresses immunosurveillance, allowing cancer cells to grow. Inhibiting PD-L1 restored immune function and cleared tumors in mice with NASH-associated mutations.
Climate policies aimed at limiting global warming below 2C can reduce air pollution-related deaths by 15-40% annually, while raising crop yields by 2.5-6.6%. The report also finds that these measures could save over 300,000 lives annually by 2030.
Researchers found that adipocytes can metabolize daunorubicin, making it less toxic to leukemia cells. This discovery highlights the need for new chemotherapy strategies that are resistant to fat cell enzymes.
An international team of experts has made a fundamental discovery by transforming amyloid fibrils into crystals, a process previously thought to be impossible. The transformation involves untwisting the fibril to form an elongated, matchstick-like crystal with unprecedented stability.
The University of Arizona Health Sciences has been awarded a $943,000 grant to study the effects of simulated space radiation on the human gastrointestinal tract. The Human-Microbial Cross-Talk 'gut-on-a-chip' platform will provide insights into how solar events and cosmic rays affect humans in space.
Bittner's research aims to optimize pathways for energy conversion, using an algorithm that predicts electronic coupling and nuclear motions. The algorithm, developed with collaborators, can perform thousands of calculations months on a high-performance computer.