Frank Lu, a UTA aerospace engineering professor, has been named an AIAA Fellow for his sustained contributions to gasdynamics and detonation-based technologies. He is the first UTA faculty member to earn this honor, which recognizes his novel experimental facility and measurement techniques.
Research uses galaxy distribution and weak lensing to map cosmic web, finding that star-forming galaxies play a more prominent role in the distant universe. The study provides new insights into galaxy evolution and the structure of the cosmos.
Researchers discovered that paracetamol damages liver cells by disrupting tight junctions, leading to cell death and organ dysfunction. The study aims to develop alternative methods for testing paracetamol toxicity and identify potential targets for new drugs.
Scientists have identified three potential light elements - hydrogen, silicon, and sulfur - that could make up the remaining 5% of the Earth's core. These findings are based on experiments simulating the core's extreme conditions and matching them with seismological observations.
A new study suggests that land-use change may be responsible for higher CO2 emissions than previously thought, emphasizing the need for reforestation efforts to combat climate change. The research highlights the crucial role of forests, grasslands, and croplands in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A new study found that low thyroid hormone levels before birth impair the growth and development of the fetal pancreas, affecting insulin-secreting cells. This could lead to increased risk of pancreatic disorders and type 2 diabetes in later life.
A study published in eLife found that individual baboons tend to follow the path taken by their group mates, while also being constrained by environmental factors such as vegetation density. The research used GPS tracking and drone-based imaging technology to understand how habitat and social features impact animal movement.
New measurements of neutrino oscillations have shed light on outstanding questions regarding fundamental properties of neutrinos. These findings may provide clues to the nature of dark matter and how the universe arose from the Big Bang.
Researchers used data from the USGS 'Did You Feel It?' website to develop new intensity mapping for two California earthquakes. They found that including non-reporting ZIP codes improved the accuracy of seismic intensity maps, particularly at intermediate distances from the epicenter.
Researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory have developed a new variation of a popular open-source compiler that optimizes before adding code necessary for parallel execution. This approach results in more-efficient parallel programs, surpassing existing compilers.
Research by University of Exeter scientists reveals that less than 4% of climate-change studies have tested the impact of ocean acidification on males and females separately. This could lead to major changes in sustainable supplies of fish and shellfish, as different sexes respond differently to stress.
Researchers found association between sleep-disordered breathing and cognitive impairment in older adults, emphasizing need for clinicians to screen for both conditions. Treatment of sleep apnea may improve quality of life but does not delay or prevent cognitive decline.
Perena Gouma's invention uses semiconductor sensors to detect the flu virus in a patient's breath, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The handheld device has far-reaching implications for public health and may help prevent flu epidemics from spreading.
Researchers from IUPUI reconstructed 2,100 years of temperature and precipitation data, pointing to climate change as a primary cause of the disappearance of the Mississippians. The study found that drought conditions due to changed atmospheric circulation undermined agricultural production, leading to the destabilization of sociopolit...
A recent review in Frontiers in Nutrition highlights the need for a more inclusive approach to obesity research, as traditional male rat models are found to be insufficient in predicting long-term obesity in females. The study also sheds light on the phenomenon of weight regain after weight loss and its impact on females.
A long-term study found that continuous glucose monitoring significantly lowers blood sugar levels in persons with type 1 diabetes, reducing the risk of complications. The treatment also leads to increased well-being and improved treatment satisfaction.
Researchers at the University of Lincoln have determined the molecular structure of a new antibiotic, teixobactin, which holds promise in tackling drug-resistant bacteria. The discovery reveals that the antibiotic's disordered structure is essential for its biological activity, providing insight into how to produce effective derivatives.
A new study has found that defects in the EMSY gene, similar to BRCA genes, spur cancer growth independently of BRCA1 and BRCA2 protection. The research suggests new treatment options for women with normal BRCA genes who develop breast and ovarian cancer.
A NASA team has created a smart radiator that folds and unfolds like origami, allowing it to change its shape to shed or conserve heat. The radiator uses temperature-sensitive materials and a vanadium-oxide-based coating to achieve this effect.
Recent research from the University of Maryland found that autism-related neural defects begin early in mammalian development, when key neurons form their first circuits. This study could lead to a stronger understanding of autism and possible early intervention strategies.
A new study reveals that frogs' tongues are covered in a unique reversible saliva that changes viscosity during capture and retraction. The combination of this saliva with a super soft tongue allows for an incredible 50 times greater work of adhesion, making it a key factor in the frog's ability to hang onto its next meal.
Researchers found that plants emit unique odour profiles in response to exotic herbivores, which are distinct from those emitted by native herbivores. This adaptation helps plants specifically attract natural enemies that feed on the herbivores eating them.
Researchers aim to create a new generation of advanced pacemakers using bio-electronic implants that respond to physiological feedback in real time. The technology has the potential to treat cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and other conditions, extending patients' lifespans and improving quality of life.
Researchers found that a small, dried-out tributary became a vital shelter for over 10,000 stream fish in Hokkaido, Japan. The study suggests that even remnant tributaries are essential wintering habitats for fish to survive the harsh winter conditions.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that lung ultrasound enhances pretest risk stratification for pulmonary embolism, detecting alternative diagnoses such as pneumonia or pleural effusion. This improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unnecessary radiation exposure.
Scientists have discovered ancient zircons on the island of Mauritius, dating back 3 billion years, suggesting a long-lost continent named Mauritia existed beneath the island. This finding supports the theory that the break-up of supercontinent Gondwana led to the formation of the Indian Ocean.
Anderson Janotti, a UD professor, has won an NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award to model defects in materials used for energy, electronics, and optoelectronics applications. His research aims to understand and control defects to enhance material functionality.
Researchers discovered new properties in lead zirconate, a key material for creating efficient electrolyte-free accumulators. The discovery reveals unique atomic-scale processes that enable structural switching, contributing to significant energy release in a short period.
Scientists have created a 'map' linking cell shape to genes turned on and off, matching it to real disease outcomes. The map revealed key areas controlling gene activity, including a protein called NF-kappaB that drives cancer cell growth and spread.
African Lake Kivu's unique chemistry suggests more nitrogen in ancient oceans, enabling marine organisms to thrive during multi-cellularity emergence. This finding implies phosphorous limitations shaped early ocean life, paving the way for Eukaryote evolution.
Researchers propose eliminating most wires in data centers by using infrared free-space optics to transmit information. This technology enables fast data transfer rates with minimal interference and can accommodate thousands of servers on a single rack.
A study of 1.7 million people found that low socioeconomic status is associated with reduced life expectancy, comparable to physical inactivity and smoking. Governments should consider socioeconomic status as a key risk factor in health policies.
Researchers at Stanford University found that large MPAs in the U.S. Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge effectively protected grey reef sharks, with more sharks inside the reserve and fewer fishing vessels outside. The study suggests that expanded MPAs can have a significant impact on shark populations and ecosystem health.
A recent Indiana University study found that older adults in Africa are sexually active and report high-risk behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted HIV prevention measures. The study reveals that older adults are a significant proportion of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, where most HIV cases occur.
Researchers found that ibudilast significantly reduced craving for alcohol and improved mood in participants. The medication also showed promise in reducing the pleasurable effects of alcohol.
The UT Southwestern Medical Center review article proposes an evidence-based medicine approach to prevent overtreatment of type 2 diabetes. It suggests balancing absolute benefits and harms with the physician's judgment and patient values, recommending more modest blood-sugar goals for frail and older individuals.
USC-led study finds that older women living in areas with high PM2.5 levels are 81% more at risk for global cognitive decline and 92% more likely to develop dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Exposure to air pollution particles may accelerate brain aging and promote Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a concise new explanation for human running mechanics, offering direct insight into determinants of performance and injuries. The two-mass model provides accurate predictions of ground-force application regardless of speed or foot-strike type.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that children exposed to complications before or during birth were at a higher risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. Children with birth asphyxia and preeclampsia had a significantly increased risk, with a 10-44% greater risk compared to those without perinatal complications.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have discovered a key flaw in the widely used radioisotope dating technique, which may lead to overestimated ages of geological samples. The technique's accuracy depends on accounting for differential mass diffusion, a process that was previously overlooked.
A study found that current reprocessing techniques for flexible endoscopes are not consistently effective, with organic residues often remaining. Visual inspections and cleaning verification tests are necessary to ensure all endoscopes are free of damage and debris before reuse.
The updated guidelines provide better direction for clinicians to make accurate diagnoses and recommend personalized treatment. The new criteria lower the threshold for possible cystic fibrosis, reconsidering patients with chloride levels between 30-40 millimoles per liter.
Researchers found that Lybia boxer crabs acquire sea anemones by stealing from each other and splitting them into two identical clones. The study, published in PeerJ, involved over 100 crabs observed in the wild and laboratory experiments.
Researchers used Global Fishing Watch data to track fishing activity around the Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, a large MPA. Most satellite-tracked reef sharks remained within the MPA, while virtually all fishing vessels stayed outside, suggesting that MPAs can benefit declining mobile species like grey reef sharks.
Researchers have successfully produced live cows with increased resistance to bovine tuberculosis using a modified version of CRISPR gene-editing technology. The new method resulted in no off-target effects on the animals' genetics, making it a promising approach for producing transgenic livestock.
The Endocrine Society has issued a new clinical practice guideline for pediatric obesity, emphasizing the importance of family-centered lifestyle modifications. The guideline provides recommendations for assessing, treating, and preventing childhood obesity, including genetic testing for rare causes.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have made significant progress in understanding how primary cilia receive and transmit signals, shedding light on their role in regulating cellular behaviors and preventing diseases such as ciliopathies.
Researchers observed chimps abusing and cannibalizing Foudouko's body for nearly four hours after his death, contradicting traditional notions of grief. The study suggests competition for mates, power struggles, and isolation may contribute to such deadly behavior in chimpanzees.
NAP, a fragment of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, enhances Tau-microtubule interactions to block neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. This stabilizes microtubules and protects biological material transport in nerve cells.
Jane Lubchenco, OSU marine ecologist and advocate for science-based policies, is honored with the Public Welfare Medal for her efforts to bring together research communities and policymakers to address global environmental issues. She has dedicated her career to promoting public service and inspiring future researchers.
A new study has found that children who engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity have fewer symptoms of depression. Researchers followed over 700 children for four years and found a significant correlation between physical activity and reduced depressive symptoms.
A new brain-computer interface (BCI) enables people with complete locked-in syndrome to communicate by detecting their brain activity. The study found that participants reported being 'happy' and could respond correctly to personal questions, overturning previous theories on the capabilities of individuals with this condition.
Researchers examine how native grass management can enhance soil health and agricultural productivity in the eastern US. They focus on optimizing fertility and cover crop strategies for nutrient-efficient species like switchgrass and big bluestem, which produce extensive root systems that support micro-invertebrate communities.
Researchers created a genetically modified rat model of autism and intellectual disability to study Phelan-McDermid syndrome. The study found that oxytocin improved social memory, attention, and nerve cell activity in the rat model.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a technique to assess anti-inflammatory properties of fortified health foods and medications using bioluminescence imaging. This method reduces the number of lab mice sacrificed and could revolutionize medicinal drug testing, particularly for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Researchers analyzed prefrontal cortex lipids in humans and monkeys to identify key differences. They found that human brains had a greater range of lipid concentrations during the first year of life, with many changes occurring after childhood.
A UCI-led study found that increasing factory and auto emissions in East China are causing harmful algal blooms, choking off vital fish populations. The study suggests that human-caused pollution is disrupting the region's ecology, with changes in nutrient levels leading to overgrowth of certain aquatic plants.
A new study aims to develop a combination therapy using interleukin-2 and a monoclonal antibody to eradicate HIV. The treatment, if successful, could reduce latent HIV reservoirs and cure the infection.
Research from Stanford University identified phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, as the culprit behind cardiotoxicity in fish exposed to crude oil spills. The study found that phenanthrene disrupts heart function in both marine and terrestrial species, including mammals and birds.
A new study reveals that non-severe infections can significantly increase the risk of developing schizophrenia and depression. The research found a dose-response correlation between the number of infections and the risk of mental disorders, suggesting that even minor infections can have severe consequences.