A new study found that CagA, a protein produced by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, can alter the population of microbes living in the fruit fly gut, leading to disease symptoms. The researchers suggest that manipulating the balance of microbes in the gut may be able to mitigate the harmful effects of infection with H. pylori.
Researchers have uncovered a critical connection between cellular nutrient sensing and cell growth, implicating a new protein SLC38A9 as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. By probing lysosomal biochemical content, the team identified SLC38A9's role in regulating amino acid availability.
A survey of young white women found that over one in five have signs of indoor tanning addiction and three times more likely to meet criteria for dependence. Women with depression were most likely to weigh benefits against risks.
A recent study warns of the increasing threat of forest fires in Europe and their impact on air quality. The JRC's annual report confirms longer and more intense fire seasons, with severe health implications for humans, particularly during prolonged fire seasons.
New culture-independent tests are more sensitive than traditional methods in detecting the cause of infectious diarrhea. However, these tests may detect multiple organisms, requiring infectious disease expertise for interpretation. The IDSA guidelines recommend testing children under 5, elderly individuals, and those with specific symp...
A study from the University of Illinois shows that a post-weaning low-fat diet can reverse epigenetic changes caused by a maternal high-fat diet, reducing the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes. This suggests that dietary changes later in life can affect gene expression and metabolic pathways.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University developed a new technique to detect volatile compounds, including chlorine, using metallic nanoparticles. The method combines optical detection with dynamic gas extraction and shows high sensitivity without sample preparation.
A study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution found that jealousy leads to increased brain activity in areas associated with social pain and pair bonding in male coppery titi monkeys. The researchers also observed heightened activity in the lateral septum, a region involved in forming pair bonds in primates.
Participants rated patients after rhinoplasty as more attractive, successful, and healthier than before surgery. The study used a web-based survey with images of 13 unique patients before and after rhinoplasty, showing an improvement in social interactions stemming from positive observer perceptions.
Researchers have devised a general method to control grain boundaries in 2D materials, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and magnetism. The innovative approach utilizes Gaussian curvature on the substrate to predetermine grain boundary locations and line them up in orderly positions.
Researchers Enrica De Cian and Emiliano Fiori from Ca' Foscari University of Venice have won ERC Starting Grants for their projects on energy adaptation and the origins of Middle Eastern interreligious polemic. The grants total €3 million, attracting international talent to Italy.
A new study suggests that the risk of developing HPV-related throat cancer remains generally low, making mass screening for oral HPV infection unnecessary. The study found that current tests for oral HPV infections are not very predictive of oropharyngeal cancer risk.
Researchers developed a new technique to grow artificial corneas with improved transparency and strength by controlling the alignment of cells in a dish. This breakthrough could provide a solution for the shortage of donated corneal tissues and offer a practical alternative to plastic corneas.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have successfully characterized a highly pathogenic avian virus that is both lethal and transmissible in ferrets. The study suggests that this virus strain could become a potential public health threat if it undergoes further mutations, making it resistant to existing treatments.
A recent study found that infants as young as six months old exhibit a stress reaction when seeing spiders or snakes, with a significant increase in pupil size indicating activation of the brain's noradrenergic system.
New research from the University of Portsmouth found that dogs produce more facial expressions when humans are looking at them. The study, led by Dr Juliane Kaminski, showed that dogs use these expressions to communicate with humans and not just due to excitement. Brow raising was the most commonly used expression in this research.
Researchers used a new model to simulate atmospheric conditions in three dimensions, revealing a key role for stellar radiation in creating moist greenhouse states on exoplanets. This process could make planets closer to their stars habitable despite intense radiation and tidal forces.
A new field guide from the Geological Society of America explores the geological history of the Pacific Northwest, focusing on the Seattle area. The guide reveals details about catastrophic flooding, tsunami deposits, and past glaciations that have shaped the region over millions of years.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that injured patients in LMICs are disproportionately HIV-seropositive compared to matched national estimates. These patients also face a significantly increased risk of death, especially when HIV-seronegative.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients who were uninsured fell by one-third in the first year of the Affordable Care Act's implementation. Significant gains were seen among various demographic groups and stages of diagnosis, with declines in uninsured rates among Hispanics and those ...
Engineers at the University of Arizona have developed a new method to control charge transfer rate from an organic polymer to a biomarker molecule, advancing the field of organic bioelectronics. Their findings show that electron transfer rate depends directly on applied voltage and demonstrate Marcus' theory of inverted charge transfer.
Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham have solved the last unknown protein structure of HIV-1, which helps understand how the virus infects human cells and assembles progeny viruses. The cytoplasmic tail of gp41 protein plays a crucial role in virus assembly and replication.
Adolescents display nuanced views on pediatric genetic testing for adult-onset conditions, with approximately half agreeing to defer testing. Students' opinions were influenced by the preventability of the condition, with those focused on early-onset diseases supporting deferral and those on preventable conditions opposing it.
Researchers studied pair-bonded titi monkeys to understand jealousy and its consequences. The study found that male monkeys exhibited increased testosterone and cortisol levels when watching their partners with a stranger, and brain scans revealed heightened activity in areas associated with social exclusion and aggression.
A new mapping tool helps wildlife and livestock managers prioritize prevention efforts in high-risk areas to minimize disease transmission. The model predicts an average of 700 elk abortions per year, with higher transmission risk at lower elevations during heavy snow years.
A study found that young adults with kidney failure have lower quality of life, worse employment prospects, and are less likely to be married or have a partner. Higher education, alcohol abstinence, and smoking status did not differ significantly between those on dialysis and transplantation.
Researchers have discovered two new genes responsible for the formation of fan-like structures on the legs of a specific water strider species. The findings suggest that genetic mutations can lead to the emergence of new structures that affect an organism's lifestyle and access to ecological niches.
A year-long study by UK and US researchers found that white working-class communities feel disconnected and marginalized, with economic insecurity being a major concern. The study challenges the narrative of white working-class support for Donald Trump, revealing diversity in views and a need for cross-racial harmony to avoid division.
The World Health Organization has approved tivanisiran as the international nonproprietary name for SYL1001, a compound developed by Sylentis using RNA interference technology. The drug is administered in ophthalmic drops and aims to improve quality of life for patients with dry eye syndrome, a condition affecting millions worldwide.
A solar flare was recorded by a 17-year-old amateur astronomer, Juan Valderrama y Aguilar, from Madrid on September 10, 1886. The event is the third white-light solar flare in history and marks a significant discovery in solar physics.
A study published in American Anthropologist found that sexual harassment and assault can stall or end career trajectories, but also enhance positive experiences. The researchers propose implementing codes of conduct to promote inclusive workspaces and accountability for transgressions.
Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a novel form of cancer therapy using RNA molecules that trigger self-destruction in cancer cells. The mechanism, called DISE, eliminates multiple genes required for cell survival, making cancer cells resistant to treatment.
A study found that young non-Hispanic white women who tan indoors are more likely to be dependent on indoor tanning due to beliefs about physical appearance and depressive symptoms. The research, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, suggests a need for targeted interventions to address this behavior change.
Researchers at Penn are building a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner that can image a patient's entire body at once, allowing them to see both glucose and glutamine on the same scan. This will enable better understanding of how these two compounds interact with cancer cells.
A Washington State University study reveals that salmon's mating habits alter stream bed profiles, leading to erosion and changes in the landscape over time. Different salmon species have varying effects on the ecosystem, with some creating new habitats for emerging species.
A research article reveals that a warmer ocean surface in central-eastern Baffin Bay triggered the ice retreat of Jakobshavn Isbrå ice stream during the Younger Dryas period. The study used marine fossil diatoms to reconstruct past sea surface conditions, finding warmer sea surface temperatures and less-extensive sea ice cover.
A study by Kathryn Farr found that school shooters often experience social shunning, bullying, and rejection due to their perceived masculine struggles. Schools can help prevent rampage shootings by addressing adolescent masculinity issues through in-school services, discussion-based forums, and curriculum changes.
A team of scientists at the University of Arizona has discovered that a newly evolved yeast protein can fold into a compact three-dimensional structure, contrary to the long-held assumption that such proteins are incomplete and 'works-in-progress',
Researchers identified two genes, geisha and mother-of-geisha, controlling water strider fan development in new environments. The discovery highlights the role of taxon-restricted genes in adaptation to fast-flowing stream environments.
A study of gay and lesbian adopters and foster carers in England and Wales found that many professionals cling to traditional ideas of family, challenging the concept of diverse kinship systems. The research aims to re-examine familial relationships and kinship practices within adoption and fostering.
A national cancer survey found 23% of childhood cancer survivors experienced job lock, staying at jobs for health insurance coverage. Female survivors and those with chronic conditions were more likely to report job lock. The study highlights the need for education and literacy about insurance options to support employed cancer survivors.
Researchers at MIT have developed a synthetic gene circuit that can trigger the immune system to target cancer cells. The circuit is designed to detect two specific cancer markers and only activates a therapeutic response when both are present, offering new pathways for cancer immunotherapy.
A Brazilian scientist proposes a new definition of glass as a non-equilibrium, non-crystalline state of matter that appears solid on a short time scale but relaxes towards the liquid state. This definition challenges traditional views of glass as a solid and highlights its unique properties.
Researchers found that introducing wild mouse gut bacteria to laboratory mice improved their survival rate against the flu virus and reduced tumor growth. The study suggests using natural microbiota in lab mice could improve disease modeling and lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers observed coordination between high-frequency oscillations and parts of the association cortex, which helped explicit memories transition from hippocampus to association cortex for long-term storage. The coupling was strengthened during sleep after learning.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona discovered that reversing the orientation of polar crystals can reduce their indentation toughness, making them easier to dent. This effect can be achieved by applying an external voltage or simply turning the material upside down.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center created a phenogenetic map for induced pluripotent stem cell models of neurological diseases, linking cell characteristics to genotype. The iPhemap online database shares knowledge and develops new therapies.
Researchers developed a test to predict bitter pit disorder in stored Honeycrisp apples, which can save growers millions of dollars annually. The test analyzes calcium levels in fruit peels and indicates whether the disorder will develop.
A new study by San Diego State University finds that adolescents are sleeping fewer hours per night than older generations, with 40% of teenagers in 2015 sleeping less than 7 hours a night. Young people's increased smartphone use is linked to decreased sleep, with teens who spend more time online being more likely to not get enough sleep.
Research reveals that rheumatoid arthritis may increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions are at a higher risk, emphasizing the need for controlled inflammation and early symptom monitoring.
A recent Regenstrief Institute study explores the impact of health information exchange on patient outcomes in emergency departments. The research reveals that access to complete medical records via health information exchange may lead to reduced hospitalizations, improved decision-making, and better patient care.
Researchers found that 80% of handgun owners who carried their guns had a concealed-carry permit and 66% always carried them concealed. State laws on handgun carrying have become less restrictive over the last 30 years, leading to an increase in concealed-carry permit holders
A new study reveals that logged rainforests in Borneo retain their ability to support biodiversity, with temperatures comparable to pristine forests. This discovery highlights the resilience of these ecosystems and underscores their importance for conservation efforts.
A Michigan State University scientist is leading a NOAA-funded project to create a three-month, automated drought outlook that will be released weekly to the public. The system aims to provide more notice of potential droughts, including flash droughts, and help policymakers and stakeholders prepare for these events.
Researchers propose a mathematical model to investigate the effects of drug parameters and dosing schedules on HIV latent reservoirs and viral load dynamics. The study suggests that drugs with proper pharmacodynamic properties can potentially prevent or postpone establishment of viral infection.
The HydroCamel II autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) integrates state-of-the-art technologies for full autonomy and maneuverability. Developed by Ben-Gurion University, it will be commercially available for use in various sectors, including military, security and environmental applications.
A new study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that permissive concealed-carry laws are associated with significantly higher rates of handgun-related homicide. The study suggests that current trends towards more lenient gun laws are inconsistent with promoting public safety.
A multidisciplinary research collaboration has found a way to target key cancer-linked proteins by exploiting a unique binding site in an enzyme. The approach could lead to the development of new drugs that control tumour growth and promote normal cell control mechanisms.
Researchers developed a novel imaging technique to assess patients with lumbar spine degeneration, providing precise assessments of water content changes in the intervertebral disk. This technology aims to recognize and predict disease earlier, enabling better treatment choices.
A new University of Stirling study suggests that the environmental impact of Amazonian hydropower generation may be greater than predicted. Forest fragmentation and liana growth can lead to biodiversity and carbon losses associated with tropical hydropower, highlighting the need for more accurate assessments in dam decision-making.