Researchers successfully assembled and monitored functioning human forebrain circuits, enabling the study of normal brain development. The method also enables the personalized study of psychiatric disorders by attributing defects to conditions like Timothy syndrome.
Researchers have developed MOFs that can load and deliver ibuprofen, resulting in twice as long-lasting pain relief compared to commercial formulations. The compounds reach the bloodstream quickly and could be used for delivering other drugs orally.
A team of researchers has completed the sequencing of barley's complete genome, providing new insights into gene families key to the malting process. The breakthrough could aid in breeding and optimizing genetic diversity in crops like rice and wheat.
Researchers developed a virtual reality program to teach medical students advanced communication skills, including delivering difficult news and managing patient reactions. The study found that the simulation was an effective tool in teaching these skills, which transferred to real-life clinical situations.
Cassini-Huygens mission has fostered dazzling discoveries, including in-depth studies of Saturn's rings, methane lakes on Titan, and hot water plumes from Enceladus. The spacecraft will enter Saturn's atmosphere and vaporize after final ring-dive on September 15.
The new cogen facility will save BMC about $1.5 million in heat and energy costs annually by operating at 70 percent efficiency compared to traditional power plants. The cogeneration plant, located on the Yawkey roof, can heat and power hospital's inpatient units for months if the electric grid goes down.
Researchers created 3D brain organoids that replicate human forebrain circuitry, revealing the role of cell migration in autism. They successfully corrected defective neuron migration using a drug, paving the way for personalized treatments.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed a new way to mathematically describe non-equilibrium phase transitions in physics, shedding light on key technologies for next-generation electronics. By combining quantum mechanics and topology, they created a mathematical tool to understand out-of-equilibrium processes.
Researchers have identified early plasma cytokine signatures that correlate with and predict the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccines based on living viruses. This breakthrough can inform and accelerate rational development of new vaccines, especially during outbreaks and epidemics.
Researchers at Bilkent University have designed the simplest experimental system to date, revealing that particles can form autocatalytic aggregates with rich complex behaviors. The study employs only two parameters: laser power and beam position, allowing for controlled emergence of complexity.
A Canadian survey reveals that street racers are five times more likely to have crashed their vehicle within a year. The study found that street racers are more likely to be single, young men who drive after using alcohol or marijuana. This correlation remains true even when adjusting for other variables such as age and driving distance.
A new method has been developed to ensure reproducibility in computational experiments, addressing a major challenge in science. Nextflow, a workflow management system, provides a standardized framework for managing computational workflows and integrating resources such as data repositories and cloud computing.
Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized step in muscle regeneration, highlighting the molecular mechanisms that impair muscle stem cells with age. The study also provides insight into the connection between accelerated muscle stem cell aging and muscular dystrophies.
A new interface designed by Georgia Institute of Technology researchers enables more efficient and faster robot operation, particularly for non-expert users. The point-and-click method resulted in significantly fewer errors and allowed participants to perform tasks quicker and reliably than the traditional ring-and-arrow technique.
A study published in JAMA found that patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with high-sensitivity troponin T levels after surgery were at higher risk of death within 30 days. The study analyzed data from over 21,800 participants and showed a significant association between elevated biomarkers and increased mortality.
An international team of scientists has determined the 3-D atomic structure of over 1,000 proteins that are potential drug and vaccine targets. The experimentally determined structures have been deposited into the World-Wide Protein Data Bank, freely available to the scientific community.
Researchers have developed a quantum dot photoelectrochemical cell that achieves quantum efficiency for hydrogen gas production exceeding 100%, enabling more efficient solar energy conversion. This breakthrough has significant implications for the future of producing 'green' fuel.
A Massachusetts General Hospital research team found that oral doses of intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevented the development of fatty liver in mouse models of binge drinking and chronic alcohol consumption. The study also provided evidence of an expanded role of the liver's stellate cells in alcoholic liver disease.
Global Alliance of Solar Energy Research Institutes predicts 5-10 terawatts of PV capacity by 2030 through continued tech improvements and cost decreases. Flexible grids, increased demand, and energy storage advancements also needed to overcome challenges.
The team developed a new chemical tool to reveal the topology of IMM proteins in live cells, confirming 58 topologies and determining 77 previously uncharacterized ones. This breakthrough will help speed the development of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics for various human metabolic diseases.
A study of transgender preschoolers found they have similar preferences and a strong sense of gender identity as non-transgender children. Differences were observed in beliefs about the stability of gender, with transgender children tending to believe their gender could change between childhood and adulthood.
Researchers at Osaka University have identified a novel mode of action for an antidepressant activator that functions independently of SSRIs and increases nerve cell growth in the hippocampus. The activator shows faster response times than fluoxetine, offering new hope for patients with depression who do not respond to current medication.
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive method to detect even earlier stages of colorectal cancer by analyzing metabolites in blood plasma. The new screening method exceeds 96% sensitivity and specificity, confirming its effectiveness even for early-stage patients.
Researchers found that rats fed high-sugar diets experienced increased body fat mass, liver damage, and brain inflammation. A balanced diet was shown to mitigate these effects, highlighting the potential risks of sugar-laden diet products.
TET2 mutations are found in various blood cancers, including myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The enzyme plays a crucial role in controlling gene expression, and its loss allows other genes to mutate, creating conditions for cancer to thrive.
A team of neuroscientists has developed a technique that predicts brain age based on MRI scans, finding a link between the discrepancy and increased risk of mental and physical health decline. The study shows that those with 'older brains' are more likely to die before 80, suggesting potential for early intervention.
A team of neurosurgeons, engineers, and Hollywood special effects experts created a realistic 3D simulator for practicing endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) procedures. The simulator's effectiveness was evaluated in early tests, showing improved accuracy and safety compared to traditional cadaver-based training.
A French study found that direct communication with fracture patients through a dedicated case manager increased post-fracture BMD testing rates by 20%. This approach empowered patients to demand testing and care, closing the care gap in osteoporosis treatment.
Disparities in pediatric readmission rates for chronic conditions such as asthma, depression, diabetes, migraines, and seizures have been found to vary by condition and race. The study highlights the need to personalize care and address socioeconomic factors to reduce these disparities.
The FRAME project offers 40 policy recommendations to protect human rights in the EU, focusing on migration, austerity measures, and social rights. The proposals include broadening access to humanitarian visas and family reunification to reduce smuggling incentives.
Tropical Depression 03W formed on April 24, 2017, with intense convective storms dropping heavy precipitation rates. The GPM satellite revealed tall storm towers with rainfall exceeding 8.5 inches per hour.
A new UVA technique analyzes gene mutations at unprecedented scale and speed, enabling customized treatments for patients. This method may also help rescue failed experimental treatments by identifying the right mutation and gene activity.
Peter Coaldrake, QUT Vice-Chancellor, receives CASE Asia-Pacific Leadership Award for his inspirational guidance and development of a strong culture of advancement at QUT. The university has reimagined courses, established research institutes, and grown its philanthropic culture under his leadership.
Researchers discovered that newborn humpback whales communicate with their mothers using intimate grunts and squeaks to avoid being overheard by killer whales. The study found that these quiet calls help mother-calf pairs stay together in murky waters, reducing the risk of attracting male humpbacks.
A large-scale UK study has found that children with obesity face four times the risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those in the normal BMI range. The study examined data from over 369,000 children and found no association between obesity and increased incidence of type 1 diabetes.
A study published in the European Heart Journal found that higher alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. The research, which monitored participants as they drank, found that even moderate drinking can lead to abnormal heart rhythms.
Researchers trained AI models to identify TB on chest X-rays, achieving a 96% accuracy rate. The models' performance was improved when combined with expert radiologist interpretation, increasing the diagnosis accuracy to nearly 99%.
A therapeutic vaccine is being tested to prevent or reduce cervical cancer recurrence in women at high risk. The vaccine has shown promise in extending survival time for patients with recurrent disease, and its safety and efficacy are being evaluated in a phase 3 study.
Research reveals that fluctuations in estrogen can trigger atypical functioning in a key brain memory circuit in women with a common version of the gene, NIMH scientists have discovered. This finding may help explain individual differences in menstrual cycle and reproductive-related mental disorders linked to fluctuations in the hormone.
Scientists used bacteriophages to treat a patient with a deadly, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The patient recovered well after the treatment, which could be an alternative to failing antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant infections.
A new study found that Toronto's subways have the highest levels of airborne particulate matter in Canada, with average values up to 100 micrograms per cubic metre, compared to Montreal's 36 micrograms and Vancouver's 17 micrograms. The high metal content and abrasive wear on steel wheels may be contributing factors.
A Swedish study reveals a significant decrease in cardiovascular disease incidence among individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with reductions of up to 50% compared to the general population. The study attributes this improvement to advances in diabetes care and prevention strategies.
A study reveals that cognitive stimulation and social interactions increase lifespan in mice with colon tumors through a wound repair response. Environmental enrichment also reduces inflammation, improves tumor vasculature, and promotes immune cell activity to defend against cancer.
A Scripps-led study finds that the Gulf of California's small-scale fisheries are operating at over capacity, threatening fish habitats and future economic sustainability. The research uses satellite images and flyovers to count small boats and estimates that 34% more boats are operating than sustainable levels.
A new report from social psychologists at the University of Illinois Chicago reveals that people on both sides of the political aisle are motivated to dismiss opposing ideas and information. Approximately two-thirds of respondents declined a chance to win extra money to avoid reading statements that didn't support their position.
Researchers created a model to measure the impact of policy on commercial solar photovoltaic adoption in California, providing new insight into energy policy. The study found that government incentives have a greater impact on larger commercial customers and smaller businesses face unique hurdles when adopting solar PV systems.
Using neuroimaging techniques and multivariate statistical models, researchers found that people with older-than-chronological-age brains are more likely to experience deteriorating conditions and early death. Combining brain-predicted age with DNA-related epigenetic biomarkers improves mortality predictions.
Research suggests that vitamin A within a high-fat diet can negatively affect liver gene expression associated with glucose and fat metabolism. Rats fed with normal and deficient vitamin A levels showed significant differences in body mass, liver fat content, and insulin signaling pathways.
A team of international researchers has found that a 80-year-old 'viable' anthrax strain was, in reality, a much younger standard laboratory strain due to contamination. Advanced genomic sequencing technology enabled precise tracking of bacterial strains used in biological warfare and terrorist attacks.
The study explores disease-control measures using a simplified SIR model with low computational requirements, and proposes a platform for public-health collaborators to use and provide feedback on models. The research aims to improve disease-related decision making by providing quantitative estimates of outbreak trajectories.
A chemotherapy drug used to treat brain cancer may increase vulnerability to depression by stopping new brain cells from growing, a study suggests. The findings highlight the importance of protecting brain stem cells or building up a reserve before cancer treatment.
A study by the University of Eastern Finland found that children with reading and spelling difficulties (RSD) lag far behind their peers in the first two school years, despite receiving special education. The study suggests that teachers may need additional training to effectively support these students.
Researchers found that changing tasks frequently interferes with brain activity, leading to worse results than focusing on one task at a time. Brain areas like posterior temporal and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices work more efficiently when dealing with one task.
A novel form of iron, combining protein fibers and iron nanoparticles, has been discovered to fortify food and drinks with iron. This new compound has been shown to cure iron deficiency in rats and is easily digested.
Researchers found that low levels of the 'memory protein' NPTX2 are associated with reduced levels of cognition and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that the combination of low NPTX2 and amyloid plaques disrupts neural activity, leading to cognitive failure.
Researchers have discovered a giant shipworm, Kuphus polythalamia, with a unique symbiotic relationship between bacteria and the animal, which converts sulfur gas into nutrients. This finding may provide insights into how humans can adapt to tolerate beneficial bacteria and how these bacteria cause infections.
Researchers have discovered how individual neurons coordinate to anticipate events in the brain's auditory cortex. This process is impaired in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as dyslexia and ADHD. By understanding these mechanisms, scientists hope to develop new models for studying predictive signals in the brain.
A recent study conducted by George Washington University found that 33 percent of seafood sold in six District restaurants was mislabeled. The DNA barcoding analysis revealed that the substitutions were mostly with closely related species or acceptable alternatives for menu listing.
Researchers have developed a mathematical modeling technique that can quantify details about molecular dynamics in cells. The technique was applied to study RNA localization in egg cells and provided new insights into the process.
Researchers at CHOP have developed a unique womb-like environment to support growth and organ maturation in extremely premature babies. The system, tested on fetal lambs, has shown promising results, with some animals remaining healthy after 28 days of operation.