Dressmakers found to have needle-sharp 3-D vision
Research suggests dressmakers have superior stereovision, improving visual acuity by 43%. This sharpens their ability to thread needles and navigate 3D spaces.
Science News for June 14, 2017
More than a third of heater-cooler devices used in open heart surgery may be contaminated with deadly bacteria
A study found that 37% of heater-cooler units tested positive for the bacterium Mycobacterium chimaera, which can cause fatal infections. The devices, used in over 60% of heart bypass procedures in the US, can contaminate patient blood and organs during surgery.
SourceAssociation for Professionals in Infection Control·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·DateJun 14, 2017
Child Mind Institute's Healthy Brain Network releases open dataset
The Child Mind Institute has released a comprehensive open dataset from the Healthy Brain Network study, featuring behavioral and cognitive assessments, brain imaging, genetics, and more. This dataset will enable researchers to identify biomarkers for childhood mental health disorders and develop new diagnostic tools.
Reproducing a retinal disease on a chip
Scientists developed an organ-on-a-chip model that mimics human retinal cells and vascular endothelial cells. The model replicates neovascularization in wet-type age-related macular degeneration, offering a potential alternative to animal models for disease modeling and drug screening.
Plant compound more powerful than AZT against HIV
A plant compound, patentiflorin A, has been discovered to be more effective against HIV than the widely used drug AZT. The compound inhibits an enzyme needed for HIV to replicate, making it a promising candidate for development into a new HIV treatment.
Study finds way to predict treatment effectiveness for adults with autism
Researchers identified specific brain regions that correlate with improved social abilities after a virtual training program. Adults with higher brain activity in these regions showed better emotional recognition skills.
Want to feel stronger and thinner? Get some exercise
A UBC study found that brief 30-minute workouts improve women's body image and physical perceptions, leading to increased feelings of strength and self-esteem. The positive effects last beyond the exercise itself, with improvements in body image persisting for at least 20 minutes post-workout.
SourceUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan campus·JournalPsychology of Sport and Exercise·DateJun 14, 2017
Special journal issue showcases Aalto University's materials research
Researchers investigated electronic materials for micro-electronics, opto-electronics and quantum technologies, developing flexible thermoelectric zinc oxide thin films on cotton textiles. Aalto University's expertise in cutting-edge materials science is highlighted, with publications cited more often than the world average.
Understanding river thermal landscapes
Researchers are creating a holistic view of river thermal regimes using measurements over time and space, enabling more effective management and conservation efforts. The incorporation of these data has significant implications for the future of river science.
The glue that keeps cells together
A study published in Nature Physics reveals that small changes in physical parameters can significantly impact the formation and growth of cell-cell contacts. The researchers used computer simulations and experiments to investigate the biophysicics of cadherin proteins, which play a crucial role in maintaining cellular bonds.
Making hydrogen fuel from humid air
A team of researchers has created a photocatalyst that can generate hydrogen from water vapor using sunlight, producing the fuel without electrolytes or external power sources. The novel paint-like material can be applied to any surface, including building facades, and enables hydrogen production almost anywhere.
Speed limit study set to reveal if twenty is plenty on city streets
A major UK study is assessing the effects of 20mph speed limits on road safety and traffic accident rates in two British cities. The project will measure casualties, cycling, and walking rates to determine if lower speed limits improve safety.
Online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is effective for military
A study conducted by University of North Texas professor Daniel Taylor found that online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is effective in military personnel, with improved sleep quality and reduced use of sleep medication. However, the internet-delivered therapy was about half as effective as traditional methods.
Body fat and waist size linked to increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women
A population study found that being overweight or obese, as defined by body mass index, abdominal obesity, and higher body fat percentage, is associated with a higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women. In contrast, no clear association was found between RA risk and BMI criteria for men.
Dual-agent PET/MR with time of flight detects more cancer
Researchers found that dual-agent PET/MR with time of flight detects more bone metastases in breast and prostate cancer patients, improving detection accuracy and reducing radiation dose. The study used combined imaging agents <sup>18</sup> F-FDG and <sup>18</sup> F-NaF to enhance image quality.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateJun 14, 2017
UA researchers find physicians' adherence to H. pylori guidelines low
Physicians' adherence to H. pylori guidelines is low, with only 58% checking for eradication after treatment. A higher proportion of physicians are treating patients after a positive test, but antibiotic resistance remains a concern.
Continuing anti-TNF treatment with CZP for RA during pregnancy: No or negligible placental transfer
A pharmacokinetic study found no significant placental transfer of certolizumab pegol (CZP) from mothers to infants during pregnancy. CZP levels in infant blood samples were below the lower limit of quantification, suggesting a safe treatment option for women with rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy.
Female elk can learn to avoid hunters with age
A study published in PLOS ONE found that older female elk adjust their behavior to avoid hunters, reducing movement rates and using safer terrain when near roads. This suggests that learning plays a role in shaping their avoidance of hunters.
Visiting virtual beach improves patient experiences during dental procedures
A study published in Environment & Behaviour found that patients who visited a virtual Wembury beach experienced less anxiety, pain, and had more positive recollections of their treatment. The benefits were not found for those who walked around a virtual city.
A surprising new link between inflammation and mental illness
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a mechanism that links chronic inflammation to mental illnesses like anxiety and depression. Their study suggests that anti-IFNAR drugs may be effective in reducing symptoms of CNS lupus and other related conditions.
New light shed on dynamics of type IV pili and twitching motility
Biophysicists visualized type IV pili (T4P) dynamics using optical microscopy, revealing asymmetric distribution triggered by blue light. T4P extension activated at the forward side of cells illuminated laterally with blue light, driving forward motion and navigation.
Marijuana use among college students on rise following Oregon legalization, study finds
A new study found that college students in Oregon are using more marijuana following the state's legalization of recreational use. The study also revealed a link between heavy alcohol use and increased marijuana consumption among young adults.
Drop in violence associated with smoke-free policy at psychiatric hospital
A recent study published in The Lancet Psychiatry reveals a significant drop in physical assaults following the introduction of a smoke-free policy at a psychiatric hospital. The researchers found that smoking within hospitals often leads to worsening mental health and increased violence, but their findings challenge this assumption.
New ultrasound 'drill' targets deep vein blood clots
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new surgical tool using low-frequency intravascular ultrasound to break down blood clots. The tool breaks down clots into fine particles, reducing the need for high doses of blood thinners and potentially lowering treatment time.
Music sessions can help millions who struggle to speak to lead a richer life
A new study suggests that tailored music sessions can transform the lives of people with speech impairments by improving communication and reducing feelings of isolation. The research highlights the potential benefits of music for post-verbal individuals, including enhanced creativity and self-expression.
New tools help early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis
Researchers developed two new tools to diagnose systemic sclerosis earlier: nailfold videocapillaroscopy and a blood test detecting SSc-specific autoantibodies. These tools show promise in identifying patients with the characteristic appearance of early SSc patterns, aiding targeted treatment before irreversible damage occurs.
Printed sensors monitor tire wear in real time
Researchers have developed an inexpensive printed sensor that can track millimeter-scale changes in tire tread depth with high accuracy. The technology has the potential to increase safety, improve vehicle performance, and reduce fuel consumption by detecting sub-millimeter resolution of tire wear.
Food or fraud?
Italian scientists introduce NanoTracer, a simplified assay combining DNA barcoding with nanotechnology to authenticate food with the naked eye. The test detects substitutes and adulterants in products like European perch and saffron powder.
Graphene encapsulation provides unprecedented view of the diffusion and rotation of fullerene molecu
Scientists at the University of Vienna created a hybrid carbon system with graphene sheets enclosing fullerenes. This setup allows for the observation of fullerene diffusion and rotation within the graphene sandwich, providing new insights into molecular dynamics.
Cleaning and sterilization techniques leave ureteroscopes contaminated
A study found that cleaning and sterilization techniques used to clean flexible ureteroscopes leave behind contamination, including debris, residue, and bacteria. Researchers concluded that these failures may result in the use of dirty scopes, posing unknown implications for patients.
SourceAssociation for Professionals in Infection Control·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·DateJun 14, 2017
Researchers create 3-D printed tensegrity objects capable of dramatic shape change
A team of researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology developed 3-D printed tensegrity structures that can expand dramatically using shape memory polymers. The structures use tensegrity, a structural system of floating rods in compression and cables in continuous tension.
Wyss Institute's Organ Chips get smart and go electric
Researchers at Wyss Institute have enhanced Organs-on-Chips technology to monitor cell health and electrical activity, enabling the study of human organ physiology and potential drug responses. The new design allows for real-time assessment of trans-epithelial electrical resistance and electrical activity of living cells.
SourceWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard·JournalLab on a Chip·DateJun 14, 2017
Protein network signals found to drive myeloid leukemias
A team of researchers has discovered how mutated proteins in a protein network drive several high-risk leukemias. The study suggests that an existing drug, ruxolitinib, may be repurposed to treat these leukemias and offers clues for developing novel drugs using precision medicine.
Polar bears' declining mercury levels likely due to climate-related shifts
A recent study found that polar bear mercury levels are declining, indicating a change in their diet and weight as they adapt to reduced sea ice. The researchers attribute the drop to increased consumption of lower-mercury prey, such as bowhead whales and bearded seals, in place of ringed seals.
Solar paint offers endless energy from water vapor
Researchers at RMIT University have developed a solar paint that can split water atoms to generate hydrogen fuel, the cleanest source of energy. The innovative material, synthetic molybdenum-sulphide, catalyses the reaction and acts as a semi-conductor, making it efficient in producing hydrogen from solar energy and moist air.
Drug design strategy boosts the odds against resistance development
A new rational drug design technique identifies molecules targeting multiple receptor sites on key cellular proteins, making it challenging for microbes to develop resistance. The technique has been validated and shows potential in battling drug resistance and even cancer cells.
New chemical method could revolutionize graphene
Researchers have discovered a new chemical method to incorporate graphene into various applications, maintaining its unique properties. The method allows for the attachment of nanomaterials without distorting graphene's arrangement, enabling integration with other systems.
Influenza virus can overcome potentially crippling mutations
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute found that influenza viruses handicapped by a single mutation can overcome their disadvantage when combined with other mutations. This phenomenon, known as epistasis, could lead to better development of flu vaccines and therapies.
Early therapeutic intervention for pre-RA patients significantly reduces risk of RA
A meta-analysis published at EULAR 2017 found that early treatment of pre-rheumatoid arthritis (pre-RA) significantly reduces the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients who received active treatment had a lower risk of RA at 52 weeks or more compared to those on placebo.
Gender dictates camouflage strategy in this newly identified praying mantis group
Adult female praying mantises in the newly identified genus Hondurantemna chespiritoi have evolved to mimic a leaf by changing color to green and developing larger forewings. This unique camouflage strategy is distinct from that of males, which retain their brown coloration and stick-like body configuration.
Promising peas' potential in big sky country
Studying pea genetics and environmental factors, researchers found that pea yield is affected by both genetics and environment, but environment has a larger impact. The study also identified pea varieties with higher protein and resistant starch content, which can benefit human health and the environment.
UK's voluntary pledge to provide calorie content information for alcoholic drinks fails to make significant progress
A recent study published in Public Health found that only 1% of examined products provided calorie information on labels, and none were available in supermarkets' stores or online. This raises concerns about the lack of progress made by UK alcohol producers and retailers to provide consumers with essential nutrition data.
New technology will enable properties to share solar energy
A new technology developed by Dr. Mahmoud Dhimish could enable clusters of houses to share their solar energy, reducing the need to export surplus electricity to the grid. The system uses 'demand diversity' among adjacent dwellings and energy storage to optimize energy usage.
Blood cell discovery identifies patients with aggressive prostate cancer
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have developed a highly accurate blood test that can identify patients with aggressive prostate cancer. The test detects rare cells in the blood, including megakaryocytes, which are strongly linked to patient survival, and 'EMTed' CTCs, associated with poor patient outcomes.
Previous bacterial infection increases risk of newly-diagnosed Sjögren's syndrome
A study found that patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome are 11 times more likely to have had a prior nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection than controls. NTM infection was also linked to increased risk of developing the disease, particularly among those aged 45-65 years.
Hidden immune cells cause lung transplant failure
Scientists discovered that nonclassical monocytes play a key role in driving primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Targeting these cells could lead to novel treatments and potentially prevent death.
First CRISPR crop could debut in 2020
The first commercial CRISPR product is expected to debut in 2020: a waxy corn used for paper glue and food thickeners. Researchers can use CRISPR to identify genes in crops that may be good candidates for editing, potentially leading to improved cotton quality, non-browning mushrooms, drought-resistant corn, and grocery store tomatoes.
Massey scientists may have found a new way to halt lung cancer growth
Researchers discovered a mechanism that makes lung cancer cells dependent on mutated versions of the p53 gene, opening the potential for new treatments. They also showed that ChK1 inhibitors could effectively stop cancer cell multiplication in patients with gain of function p53 mutations.
New face-aging technique could boost search for missing people
A new face-aging technique uses sparse partial least squares to create photographic-quality images of faces at different ages. The method, developed by University of Bradford researchers, has been shown to be more accurate than existing techniques and could improve search efforts for missing people.
Blocking gene expression to combat deadly fungal infection
A team of international scientists has identified a critical gene-regulating protein, Bdf1, essential for the survival of Candida albicans. Compounds that bind to this target can disrupt fungal growth, opening the way for novel drug treatments. The discovery offers a promising alternative to existing antifungal therapies.
Anti-malaria drugs: Potential new target identified
A newly described protein, PfAP2-I, regulates a number of genes involved with the parasite's invasion of red blood cells, making it an effective target for new antimalarial drugs. Preventing PfAP2-I from binding to DNA and initiating the expression of invasion genes could stop an infection before it reaches the red blood cell stage.
UA surgeon: Physicians, patients must focus on remission of diabetic ulcers
Millions of people with diabetes are at risk of developing foot ulcers, which can lead to further complications like strokes and premature death. Focusing on ulcer remission is crucial in delaying these complications and improving patient outcomes.
Older and wiser: Female elk learn to avoid hunters as they age
New UAlberta research reveals female elk adapt their behavior to avoid hunters as they get older, showing social learning plays a key role. After 10 years, female elk become almost invulnerable to hunting, adjusting their movements and behavior to safer areas.
Solar material for producing clean hydrogen fuel
Osaka University researchers have developed a novel solar material that can efficiently split water to produce clean hydrogen fuel, outperforming traditional semiconductors. The three-part composite material maximizes light absorption and electron conduction, resulting in 60 times higher activity than pure lanthanum titanium oxide.
Physicists and medics discover new ability of immune cells
Researchers have discovered a way to quickly calm activated neutrophils, which can get stuck in the lungs' tiny capillaries, leading to life-threatening problems. The breakthrough, developed by a Creighton University physics professor, could lead to new treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI).
Boston Medical Center, Head Start partner to prevent maternal depression
A five-year study screened over 2,200 mothers for depression risk, using lay health workers to deliver a depression prevention intervention within the Head Start program. The study found a 40% reduction in clinically significant depressive symptom episodes, with a 61% reduction among those with low initial screening levels.
A new test to detect reliably an autoimmune disease
Researchers at Université de Genève have developed a new test to detect anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disease affecting around 0.5% of the population. The test targets the specific antibody that binds to cells, producing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, offering improved accuracy and standardization.
SNMMI Image of the Year: PET and optical imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy
Researchers demonstrate preclinically that dual-labeled PSMA-inhibitors improve preoperative staging and intra-operative guidance for metastatic prostate cancer patients. This combined approach results in more accurate detection of PSMA-positive tumor lesions, enhancing patient outcomes.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateJun 14, 2017
Multispectral imaging reveals ancient Hebrew inscription undetected for over 50 years
Researchers used multispectral imaging to discover a previously invisible Hebrew inscription on the back of a pottery shard dated to the eve of Judah's destruction by Nebuchadnezzar. The inscription features an administrative text, including a request for wine and a guarantee for assistance.
New class drug significantly reduces spine fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
A new class of drug, romosozumab, has been shown to rapidly and significantly reduce the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In a clinical trial, women treated with romosozumab had a 83% lower risk of vertebral fracture compared to those receiving placebo.
Reckless behavior fuels ongoing stress for some with PTSD
Researchers found that engaging in risky behavior can lead to worse PTSD symptoms, prolonging stressful experiences and increasing the likelihood of new traumatic events. The study suggests that treatment providers should assess reckless behavior to prevent worsening PTSD symptoms.
Free app helps providers treat patients grieving pregnancy loss, newborn death
A free mobile app has been developed to help healthcare providers assess and address intense grief in patients following a pregnancy loss or newborn death. The app uses the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS) to predict patients at risk for clinical-level anxiety, depression, and continuing grief.
Chaotically magnetized cloud is no place to build a star, or is it?
Researchers used ALMA to map the magnetic field surrounding a young protostar, finding it was surprisingly weak and wildly disorganized. This discovery suggests that the impact of magnetic fields on star formation is more complex than previously thought.
SourceNational Radio Astronomy Observatory·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateJun 14, 2017
Temperature changes make it easier for malaria to climb the Ethiopian highlands
A new study reveals that increasing temperatures are eroding the natural buffer against malaria transmission in Ethiopia's highlands. As temperatures rise above 18°C and 15°C, conditions become favorable for the disease to spread, posing a significant threat to the country's population.
Cancer treatment during childhood linked to cognitive problems later in life
Researchers found that childhood chemotherapy affects skills like quick task switching and remembering new information, but not long-term memory or concentration. High p-Tau levels predict future cognitive problems.
New tool helps pick puppies most suited to guide dog training
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a questionnaire-style decision tool to predict young dogs' likelihood of succeeding in guide dog training. The Puppy Training Supervisor Questionnaire (PTSQ) accurately identified 16.9% of dogs, helping trainers assess suitability early and improve training processes.
Bioengineered human livers mimic natural development
Researchers bioengineered human liver tissues that exhibit previously unknown genetic-molecular crosstalk controlling developmental processes. The study reveals key communication between signaling proteins and receptors that instruct the development of liver tissues.
Significant gaps in infection prevention impact long-term care residents
Research finds that long-term care facilities struggle with infection control, lacking resources and training for qualified personnel. Key findings include high turnover rates, underutilized staff hours, and inadequate antibiotic stewardship programs.
SourceAssociation for Professionals in Infection Control·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·DateJun 14, 2017
The cost of opioid use during pregnancy
A new study reveals a significant increase in US hospital admissions for neonatal abstinence syndrome, caused by mothers using opioids during pregnancy. The condition carries a substantial burden on healthcare resources, resulting in nearly $316 million in costs and extended hospital stays.
Organic conditions boost flavonoids and antioxidant activity in onions
A six-year study found that organic onions contain more health-benefiting phytochemicals, including flavonoids like quercetin. Weather conditions were a factor in flavonoid content, but antioxidant activity was consistently higher in organic onions.
Scientists reveal a key link between brain circuits governing hunger and cravings
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center identify a pathway by which neurons driving hunger influence distant areas of the brain involved in decision-making. They found that visual cues associated with food trigger activation of specific neurons in the insular cortex, particularly in hungry mice.
Clinical trial examines maternal depression strategy at head start
A randomized clinical trial of 230 Head Start mothers found that a problem-solving intervention significantly reduced depressive symptom episodes. The study suggests that such interventions can be an effective approach to addressing maternal depression, particularly among vulnerable populations.
Beetles spark development of color-changing nanoparticles for commercial use
Scientists have developed a new, inexpensive technique to create color-shifting nanoparticles inspired by beetle shells. The method produces tiny particles that can be easily controlled, enabling adjustable colors within materials or fabrics. This breakthrough could lead to the production of easier-to-read sensors and anti-tampering tags.
Molecular pilot light prepares body's heating system for the cold
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered a molecular player that acts as a pilot light to turn on brown fat, which burns sugar and fat to produce radiant heat. Mice lacking this molecule, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), are unable to activate brown fat, highlighting its crucial role in metabolism.
MIT researchers refine yardstick for measuring schools
A new study by MIT economists refines the measurement of school quality using a novel approach to Value-Added Models. By leveraging random assignment of students to schools, they found that conventional VAMs underestimate improvement at some schools but provide a ballpark figure for others.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalThe Quarterly Journal of Economics·DateJun 14, 2017
Could broccoli be a secret weapon against diabetes?
A new study found that concentrated broccoli sprout extract can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. The researchers used a computational approach to identify compounds that could counter disease-associated gene expression changes associated with the condition.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateJun 14, 2017
Changing the color of laser light on the femtosecond time scale
Researchers observed a 50% enhancement in second harmonic generation from BiCoO3 crystal upon THz laser pulse irradiation. This effect occurs on the 100 femtosecond time scale, suggesting potential applications in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
Elon Musk's vision of a self-sustaining city on Mars published in New Space
The article presents Elon Musk's vision for a self-sustaining city on Mars, requiring significant improvements in transportation costs. The CEO of SpaceX discusses the advantages of using Mars as a hub for a multi-planetary species, including its planetary options and system architecture.
New magnet technology creates easy blood access for hemodialysis patients
A new minimally invasive system using radiofrequency energy has been shown to reliably create access for hemodialysis patients with minimal complications. The study found that 98% of arteriovenous fistulas were successfully created, and 87% were physiologically suitable for dialysis within three months.
Cancer researchers look at resistance to targeted therapy in mantle cell lymphoma
Cancer researchers at GW Cancer Center investigate how mantle cell lymphoma cells develop resistance to targeted therapy Ibrutinib. They found that the cells adapt by activating alternative pathways, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR, allowing them to continue progressing.
Universal stabilization
Researchers at ETH Zurich have created a new type of silica particle that can stabilize both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions using a single type of emulsifier. The particles' rough surface reduces their mobility, allowing them to form a stabilizing armour around droplets.
Indoor tanning still accessible to young people -- despite bans
A recent study found that 19.9% of tanning salons in US states with bans allow minors to use facilities, despite legislation prohibiting it. Many provide inaccurate health information about indoor tanning.
Bacteria from cystic fibrosis patient could help thwart antibiotic-resistant TB
A newly discovered natural antibiotic produced by bacteria from a cystic fibrosis patient could potentially be used to combat drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lab testing showed that the compound, gladiolin, is stable and effective against four drug-resistant TB strains.
Quality of psychiatric treatment -- not number of beds -- should be focus of suicide prevention
A new statistical analysis rebuts a previous study claiming a link between declining inpatient beds and increased suicide rates. The authors suggest focusing on proper diagnosis and treatment of depression and training primary care physicians to screen patients for mental health care.
Eyes in the sky reveal extent of gray seal recovery
Two Duke University-led studies confirm gray seals are making a comeback off the New England and eastern Canadian coasts using research drones, thermal cameras, and Google Earth. The findings suggest there are between 30,000 and 50,000 seals, with conservation efforts being successful.
The soft touch
Omar Saleh, a UCSB professor, has been awarded the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award for his work on soft and biological matter. He will use the €45,000 award to collaborate with German researchers on a long-term project focused on artificial DNA systems.
Earning a living in a changing climate -- the plant perspective
A recent study reveals that many plant species are resorting to 'last-stand' strategies, such as shrinking in size and suspending growth effort, to survive in deteriorating environmental conditions. The research found that these species are more vulnerable to further changes and disturbances due to climate change.
Study finds 1 in 5 hospitalized adults suffer side effects from prescribed antibiotics
A study of 1488 adult patients found that 20% experienced adverse reactions to antibiotics, with gastrointestinal and kidney issues being the most common. Nearly a fifth of these adverse effects were unnecessary and occurred in patients who didn't need antibiotics.
Experimental drug co-developed by Moffitt Cancer Center researcher shows promise
A new study suggests that the experimental drug GGTI-2418 can block a specific protein from degrading another protein that helps kill cancer cells. This discovery has important implications for treating cancers with defective PTEN, as it may allow for a combination of inhibitors to target multiple pathways involved in tumor growth.
For headache, telemedicine may be as effective as in-person visit
A study found that telemedicine treatment was not inferior to traditional office visits for non-acute headaches. The researchers also assessed the safety of using telemedicine and found only one missed diagnosis in each group, estimating a 20,200 consultations-to-diagnosis ratio.
New imaging technique may help identify joint inflammation in children earlier
A new imaging technique called Fluorescence Optical Imaging (FOI) is more effective than ultrasound at detecting inflammation in the absence of symptoms and signs in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. FOI provides greater information on microcirculation and can be performed by non-medically qualified personnel.
Amazonia's future will be jeopardized by dams
Researchers warn that building hundreds of hydroelectric dams in the Amazon River Basin will cause massive environmental damage, affecting nine countries and the entire system. The Amazon Basin's unique ecosystem and biodiversity are at risk due to the dams' impact on sediment flow, regional climate, and food supply.
Prostate PET/CT targets more cancer and improves patient care
A new imaging test, Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT, has been shown to detect cancer that conventional imaging missed, changing treatment plans for 51% of patients. The test also improved management for patients with recurrent disease, with 69% receiving radiation therapy and 64% undergoing surgery.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateJun 14, 2017
Why we get diarrhea
A new study published in Cell Host and Microbe has uncovered the immune mechanism driving diarrhea and its role in pathogen clearance. Researchers found that diarrhea resulting from the signaling of specific molecules helps promote pathogen clearance and limit disease severity.
Statins may not be used for protection against Parkinson's disease
Researchers analyzed data from over 50 million people and found that prior statin use was associated with a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease. The association was more noticeable in people taking lipophilic statins, and was most robust for those using the medication for less than two-and-a-half years.
Community partnerships can help art programs succeed
A recent grant from the NEA will study the impacts of arts enrichment on students' academic and social outcomes. The Arts Access Initiative in Houston, a partnership between schools and dozens of arts organizations, is being evaluated to gauge its effectiveness.
Clean energy stored in electric vehicles to power buildings
Researchers at WMG, University of Warwick, discovered that intelligent management of vehicle-to-grid technology can improve EV battery life by up to 10% while powering large buildings. Their 'smart grid' algorithm optimizes energy transfer without degrading batteries.
Muscle growth finding may assist with cancer treatment
Researchers at Monash University have developed a therapeutic approach that promotes muscle mass growth by inhibiting three proteins responsible for muscle wasting. The approach, combining molecules to target activin A, activin B, and myostatin, resulted in a 150% increase in skeletal muscle mass in preclinical models.
More amyloid in the brain, more cognitive decline
A new study found that increased amyloid plaque buildup in the brain predicts faster cognitive decline in middle-age adults over four years. The research used PET scans to detect amyloid deposits in 184 healthy middle-age and older adults, revealing a link between higher amyloid amounts and vocabulary decline.
Springer Nature sponsors first Singapore 3 Minute Thesis competition
Twenty PhD candidates from four universities in Singapore compete at Nanyang Technological University for the main prize of EUR 2,000 to attend the Asia-Pacific 3MT event. The 3MT competition aims to hone communication and presentation skills among young researchers.
Brazilian carnivorous mammal-like reptile fossil may be new Aleodon species
Researchers identify new Aleodon species in Brazil, previously thought to be Chiniquodontids. The discovery strengthens the correlation between probainognathians from South America and Africa.
New map highlights sinking Louisiana coast
Researchers at Tulane University have developed a subsidence map of coastal Louisiana, revealing the region is sinking at an alarming rate of over 9 millimeters or just over a third of an inch each year. The map provides critical information for policy decisions on coastal restoration and planning of large sediment diversions.
Wildfires pollute much more than previously thought
Researchers deployed planes to measure chemicals and particles in real-time, discovering a significant increase in fine particle levels. The study's findings highlight the importance of prescribed burns as a potentially effective strategy for reducing wildfire pollution.
UTI treatment reduces E. coli, may offer alternative to antibiotics
A new study from Washington University School of Medicine has found that a molecular decoy can target and reduce E. coli bacteria in the gut, reducing the risk of UTIs. The treatment, known as mannoside, works by binding to the bacteria's pilus, allowing it to be flushed out with urine.
Wireless charging of moving electric vehicles overcomes major hurdle in new Stanford study
Wireless charging technology overcomes distance limitations to enable continuous recharging of electric vehicles. Stanford researchers developed an efficient system that allows for dynamic charging without manual tuning.
Study finds no gender difference in stress as a risk factor for coronary heart disease
Researchers found that urinary cortisol levels were strongly associated with asymptomatic coronary heart disease in both women and men. Surprisingly, dopamine was inversely related to heart risk, indicating higher levels are linked to lower coronary calcium buildup.
Gluten-free beer from Witkop teff grains
Researchers have successfully developed gluten-free beer using Witkop teff grains, which could provide an alternative to traditional barley beers. The study found that custom malting equipment would be required to produce the beer on an industrial scale.
Study looks at needles in treatment for shoulder pain
A new study has investigated the use of one-needle versus two-needle procedures for ultrasound-guided irrigation in treating rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy. The results showed that using two needles was more efficient for hard calcifications, while one needle was sufficient for fluid calcifications.
Breakthrough by Queen's University paves way for smaller electronic devices
Researchers at Queen's University have created unique 2D sheets, called domain walls, which exist within crystalline materials and can appear, disappear or move around without permanently altering the crystal. These breakthroughs could revolutionize tiny electronic devices by enabling constant reconfiguration of electronic circuits.
Hydroelectric dams may jeopardize the Amazon's future
A new study warns that hundreds of built and proposed hydroelectric dams in the Amazon basin will harm life and ecosystems. The dams, which are expected to provide renewable energy, will trap sediment and alter river dynamics, putting thousands of species at risk.
SLU researchers find key to muscle regeneration
SLU researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding muscle regeneration, identifying the nuclear receptor REV-ERB as a key player. By targeting this receptor, scientists may be able to develop new drugs to treat a range of muscle disorders and injuries, including muscular dystrophy and sarcopenia.
Scientists make waves with black hole research
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have successfully simulated black hole conditions using a specially designed water bath, demonstrating the phenomenon of superradiance. This achievement provides new insights into the physics of black holes and has implications for further research on astrophysical observations.
Quantum dot transistor simulates functions of neurons
Researchers created a quantum dot transistor that can store and process information directly in memory. The device simulates the functions of neurons by using light to control electrical charging and discharging of quantum dots.
A new mutation in kidney disease
Researchers at Osaka University found a new mutation in the MUC1 gene that may act as an early marker of medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 (MCKD1). The mutation was discovered through whole-exome sequencing and suggests a potential biomarker for non-genetic testing to evaluate the risk of MCKD1.
Scientists develop molecular thermometer for contactless measurement using infrared light
Researchers have created a water-soluble molecule, dubbed molecular ruby, to measure temperature in various environments. The molecule emits different wavelengths of infrared radiation depending on the temperature, allowing for accurate contactless temperature measurements.
New study: Unsaturated fat associated with fatty liver disease
A new study published in Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that consuming unsaturated fat can lead to fatty liver disease, contrary to its previously touted health benefits. The research used mice fed diets supplemented with either saturated or unsaturated fat, revealing the latter can cause liver damage.
SourceAmerican Gastroenterological Association·JournalCellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology·DateJun 14, 2017
Rules of the neural roads: Traffic control in your synapses
Researchers elucidate mechanisms behind synaptic vesicle motion, finding that type, size of synapse and vesicle composition impact motility. Tracking vesicles reveals active transport to specific destinations, providing clues for neuronal diseases.
Peer-led self-management programs may not help teenagers with asthma
A study suggests that peer-led self-management programmes have limited effect on adolescents' asthma symptoms and health outcomes, highlighting the need for new approaches to address their unique challenges.
Attacking ground spiders overwhelm victims with sticky silk
Research reveals ground spiders produce exceptionally tough and stretchy silk, but less sticky than other piriform silks, allowing them to ambush prey quickly. The silk's unique properties are adapted to overcome larger prey and arachnids, highlighting the trade-offs in their hunting strategy.