Researchers discovered that the pathogen Francisella tularensis uses a nano-machine called type VI secretion system (T6SS) to disrupt digestive vesicles and escape into the cytosol, allowing it to rapidly replicate. This efficient defense mechanism is crucial for the bacterium's success in an infection.
A large population study found that passive smoking in childhood increased the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adulthood. Smoking also speeds up disease progression in ankylosing spondylitis, a painful and disabling form of arthritis.
Researchers at Nagoya University identified a mosaic skin disease caused by sperm cell transmission of keratin mutation. The mutation was found to be identical in the affected daughter and her father, confirming germline transmission. Genetic counseling is crucial for predicting disease risk in future children.
Researchers have found that brain regions can target specific pools of stem cells in the subventricular zone, stimulating them to divide and produce particular types of olfactory bulb neurons. This allows for the on-demand generation of specific neuron subtypes in the adult brain.
Heavy rainfall in southeastern Bangladesh caused at least 156 deaths through landslides and floods. NASA's IMERG data analyzed by Goddard Space Flight Center shows extreme rainfall totals exceeding 510 mm.
A team of researchers at Argonne National Laboratory has identified a nickel oxide compound with promising properties for high-temperature superconductivity. The compound, a metallic trilayer nickelate, successfully synthesized single crystals that resemble cuprate materials, a crucial step towards solving the field's defining problem.
Researchers identify a three-way interaction between genetics, body mass index, and parent-child communication patterns in predicting restrictive feeding practices that contribute to childhood obesity. Genetic variations affect emotion regulation, influencing parents' responses to children's negative emotions.
Mothers who are more supportive of their children's negative emotions rate them as more socially skilled, but these same children appear less socially adjusted at school. This study highlights the potential downside to mothers' supportiveness on third-grade children's social adjustment.
A Drexel University study finds that Obamacare has narrowed the gap in care between Mexican-Americans and white Americans with high blood pressure, increasing insurance rates, doctor visits, and regular sources of care. The Affordable Care Act also improved treatment outcomes for Mexican-heritage patients with hypertension.
A Chinese research team proposes a multi-dimensional system dynamic (SD) simulation model to understand China's urbanization process. The model provides a comprehensive view of the mechanism constrained by environmental sustainability, with an ultimate urbanization level predicted in multiple scenarios.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered that quasimeasurements, a new type of measurement interaction, cause the quantum Zeno effect and anti-Zeno effect. The disturbance from these measurements shifts the energy levels of the atom, leading to faster or slower decay rates.
Professor Tyagi received the Outstanding Scientist Award from the International Bioprocessing Association for his outstanding contribution to environmental biotechnology. He has also earned numerous accolades, including awards from the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists.
Scientists from MIPT have created tantalum oxide thin films with controlled oxygen concentration, paving the way for ReRAM technology. The study uses atomic layer deposition to overcome challenges in three-dimensional memory cell stacking.
A new study published in the British Journal of Dermatology found that adults with atopic dermatitis were not at increased risk for cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, heart attacks, or strokes. The research suggests that eczema is likely not positively associated with cardiovascular disease.
New data analysis reveals that snus is at least 95% safer than smoking, with potential benefits including reduced initiation of smoking and increased cessation rates. The study suggests that if snus were made available in Europe, it could lead to a significant reduction in premature deaths among men.
The study provides detailed information about the genetics of crop plants, enabling breeders to identify key genes responsible for cell wall properties. By linking this data to specific changes in genetic information, researchers can make targeted improvements to support agricultural industries and biofuel production.
Researchers have generated both novel and existing antibiotic resistance mechanisms in soil exposed to specific antibiotics. The study found 36 antibiotic resistance genes, including some multi-drug efflux pumps that pump antibiotics out of bacteria.
MAVEN has made several groundbreaking discoveries about the Martian upper atmosphere, including unexpected exchanges of gas between lower and upper atmosphere layers. The mission has also revealed complex interactions between solar wind and planet, resulting in the loss of atmospheric gas to space.
A study found that fatal overdose risk increases steadily with daily opioid dose among Medicaid patients, up to five times higher for moderate to high doses. Concurrent use of benzodiazepines or skeletal muscle relaxants further elevates the risk, even at low doses.
New research from Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute finds that radon increases the risk of developing malignant skin cancer, with a 50% increase in risk for 30-year-olds. The study highlights the importance of reducing residential radon exposure through appropriate house construction.
Researchers found that artificial viruses can infect brain cells and surrounding tissues beyond the injection site, influencing the immune response. The study's findings could improve the selection of suitable viral 'gene transporters' for custom therapies, offering a glimmer of hope for patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Two new drug classes, tofacitinib and guselkumab, have shown significant improvements in treating psoriatic arthritis. Tofacitinib demonstrated superiority over placebo in ACR20 response rates and HAQ-DI score at 3 months, while guselkumab improved joint symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in patients with active PsA.
A team led by Thomas Hales has delivered a formal proof of the Kepler Conjecture, resolving a centuries-old mathematical problem. The proof uses computer verification to establish certainty, addressing the community's inability to thoroughly verify previous attempts.
A national program in Denmark aims to address concerns of rheumatology patients switching to biosimilars for their arthritis treatment. The program includes independent patient information, closer monitoring of prescriptions, and a focus on patient safety.
Researchers at the University of Missouri developed 3D models of the American alligator's skull using cutting-edge imaging tools. The models accurately predict bite forces, enabling scientists to study the origins and movements of extinct species.
A new study found a connection between common household chemicals and neural tube birth defects in mice and rats. Exposure to these quaternary ammonium compounds, used as disinfectants and preservatives, was shown to cause birth defects even at low concentrations.
Researchers at Technical University of Denmark discover that resistance genes originate from the same group as antibiotics, Actinobacteria. The study reveals a new mechanism called 'carry back', where pathogens acquire genes through a primitive form of bacterial sex.
Exposure to just 10 minutes of light at night suppresses biting behavior and manipulates flight in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. The study suggests pulses of light could be an effective tool to complement established control methods for reducing disease transmission.
A new study from UC Davis researchers found that immigrant farmworkers are less likely to use the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) compared to their US-born counterparts. The analysis of comprehensive data on farmworker households showed a significant increase in SNAP participation among citizens, while immigrants and H...
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a system to harness waste energy from idling service vehicles, such as buses or delivery trucks, to reduce emissions. By capturing this energy, vehicles can be turned off without shutting down auxiliary systems like refrigeration and air conditioning units.
A study published in Psychological Science found that inhibiting the lateral prefrontal cortex using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) increases emotional spillover, while preserving its integrity eliminates it. The research suggests a causal relationship between the prefrontal cortex and emotion regulation.
A Swedish study found a significant increase in gout hospitalizations between 2000 and 2012, with only one-fourth of patients receiving recommended urate-lowering treatment. In contrast, a UK study showed that nurse-provided patient education and support significantly improved adherence to ULT, leading to better patient outcomes.
Annals of Oncology has achieved an impressive Impact Factor score of 11.855, ranking it among the top 5% of oncology titles globally. The journal is recognized for its rapid and efficient peer-review publications on cutting-edge cancer research.
Scientists have found that magma reservoirs are less liquid and more crystalline than previously thought, with most crystals retaining their structure for tens of thousands of years before being exposed to molten magma. This discovery could help predict when volcanoes pose the greatest risk by identifying those with mobile magma.
A study found that PD-L2 protein expression was associated with clinical response to pembrolizumab in patients with HNSCC, independent of PD-L1 expression. Clinical response rates were higher among patients whose tumors expressed both PD-L1 and PD-L2.
A study at EULAR 2017 found low-dose CT scanning to be more sensitive than conventional X-rays in monitoring Ankylosing Spondylitis disease progression. It consistently detected patients with signs of disease progression, such as new bony growths.
A Concordia study identifies conflicting demands of education and therapy in the classroom, causing emotional stress among students. The study recommends increased transparency between teachers and students, clearer policies on affective material, and discussions on ethical practices to enhance the student experience.
Researchers found that 50% of energy is released in slow earthquakes, reducing tsunami risk, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. The study used data from instruments placed on the seafloor and in boreholes east of Japan's coast to understand slow-slip earthquakes and their impact on large earthquakes and tsunamis.
A study by H. Fisher Raymond found that MSM with known HIV infection who know their viral status tend to reduce sexual risk behaviors. The results suggest a link between undetectable viral load and safer sex practices, but more research is needed to confirm this association.
A study estimates the national incidence of facial fractures in adults 55 and older due to recreational activity, with a 45.3% increase between 2011 and 2015. The most common causes were bicycling, team sports, outdoor activities, and gardening, with men being more prone to injuries from these activities.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed new electrolyte chemistry that enables lithium batteries to operate at -60°C and electrochemical capacitors at -80°C. This technology could improve the performance of electric vehicles in cold climates and enable space exploration applications.
A new study reveals that large-scale water cycles in California have a modest impact on small-scale earthquake activity. Slight changes in ground stress associated with snow accumulation, snowmelt, runoff, and irrigation for agriculture influence earthquake likelihood.
Scientists identified bacterial genes and compounds that extend lifespan, slow tumor growth, and reduce amyloid-beta accumulation in laboratory worms. These findings suggest potential for designing supplements to slow down aging process.
Eiman Azim receives $240,000 grant to investigate neural circuits controlling skilled movements. He aims to deepen understanding of nervous system control and develop approaches to restore function in motor circuits affected by injury or disease.
The study suggests that animal phyla emerged rapidly around 700 million years ago, prior to the global Ice Age. The earliest known animal fossils exhibit complex morphologies, indicating animals originated before the Cambrian Period. New molecular-clock analysis produces a new estimate for the ages of the oldest animal groups.
Researchers at Université de Genève discovered that healthy fibroblasts surrounding breast cancer cells have a unique variant of the estrogen receptor GPER in their nuclei. This genetic variation promotes tumor cell migration and invasiveness through the secretion of molecules that stimulate malignant growth.
Researchers identify unique cytokine markers for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Nephropatia Epidemica (NE), highlighting key differences in immune response between the two diseases. The study's findings suggest that 'cytokine storm' plays a crucial role in disease presentation.
Targeting a subset of immune cells called regulatory T cells could be an effective approach to treating cancers. By blocking or deleting a surface protein called neuropilin-1, researchers found that tumor growth was dramatically reduced in mice, suggesting this could lead to more effective immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified an unexpected layer of gene regulation in ribosomes, challenging scientists' understanding of how cells control their genes. The discovery reveals that ribosomal proteins tune the translation process to specialize in specific cellular pathways.
A nurse-led vaccination programme significantly improves pneumococcal vaccination coverage among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The study found that nursing staff accurately identified candidates for vaccination and informed them about its benefits.
Researchers found that the golden appearance is due to high reflectiveness of the exoskeleton and manipulation of polarisation. The nano-structured exoskeleton contains intricate structures that produce circularly-polarised light, explaining the bright reflection and golden colour.
A special supplement to Wilderness & Environmental Medicine outlines the transferability of military trauma care techniques to austere environments. Key findings include the reduction of preventable trauma deaths from bleeding, airway obstruction, and collapsed lungs with TCCC guidelines.
Erhu Cao, a University of Utah biochemist, has been named a Pew Scholar to explore the dynamic interactions within cell membranes. His research focuses on ADPKD, a genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 people, and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
A team of scientists has identified genetic mutations that could potentially allow the bird flu strain H7N9 to spread between humans. The researchers found that certain mutations in a key protein could enable the virus to latch onto human cells, sparking concerns about a potential pandemic.
A massive surface melt event occurred on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in 2015-2016, with melt episodes spanning most of the Ross Ice Shelf. The study suggests that strong El Niño events may become more common, leading to increased ice sheet instability and potential sea level rise.
The three-year $392,000 grant will develop a comprehensive educational program to train future physicians in refugee health, addressing physical, emotional, and social trauma. The initiative aims to increase cultural competence among medical students and provide patients with culturally sensitive care.
Researchers led by Barclay Morrison will examine concussion injury and recovery mechanisms using in vivo, in vitro, and computational models. The goal is to develop effective methods for preventing and treating concussion, with potential benefits for both acute and persisting neurocognitive dysfunction.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded funding to 22 early-career researchers to pursue foundational research in the biomedical sciences. The scholars will use novel approaches to illuminate the mechanisms of human biology and disease. This award aims to support scientists trying to crack some of the toughest questions in human health.
Researchers found that seasonal stress changes, caused by winter rains and summer rebound, lead to an increase in small earthquakes along California faults. The study used regional global positioning system data to calculate stresses due to water loads, revealing a correlation between peak stress and seismicity.
The journal has achieved a high impact factor of 9.111, demonstrating its influence on the scientific community. UNSW is proud to be a leader in the global sharing of knowledge in this rapidly evolving field.