A new computer-aided diagnostic technique uses cutting-edge imaging technology and artificial intelligence to differentiate between benign and malignant tissues. The technique achieved a classification accuracy of over 90%, reducing the need for second breast cancer surgeries.
KELT-9b, a gas giant exoplanet, has a day-side temperature of 4,600 Kelvin, making it hotter than most stars. Its atmosphere is constantly bombarded by stellar radiation due to its tidally locked orbit, preventing the formation of molecules on its surface.
A study analyzing SWOG clinical trials found that cancer patients in the US have gained a cumulative 3.34 million years of life due to successful therapies. The analysis calculated that an NCI investment of $125 for each year of life saved was sufficient, making it a cost-effective approach.
Researchers found that a low silicate-to-nitrate ratio in the bay's waters led to extremely high concentrations of domoic acid, causing the bloom. This unique combination resulted in dense populations of toxic diatoms, affecting wildlife and commercial fisheries.
A phase III clinical trial suggests that adding pertuzumab to standard trastuzumab treatment after surgery may help reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer by 19% in patients with HER2-positive disease. The benefit is most pronounced in women with node-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer.
A new study by University of Maryland School of Public Health researcher Dr. Andrew Fenelon found that people receiving subsidized housing assistance were more likely to have medical insurance and less likely to have unmet medical need compared to those on HUD waitlist.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have identified a gene called RVR1 that represses VRN1 prior to winter, allowing grasses to wait for the right conditions to flower. This discovery may help improve yields in important food and energy crops such as corn, wheat, and oats.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found that even simple conversations on a cell phone can affect drivers' brain ability to focus on the roadway. The delay is about 40 milliseconds, which compounds and contributes to impaired driving.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed a technique to estimate age based on frontal sinus X-ray images. Four stages of development were identified, allowing for approximate age determination from infancy to age 18.
Researchers have discovered that decomposing leaves in soil are a significant source of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. The study, led by Michigan State University, found that leaf particles create micro-habitats perfect for bacteria that produce nitrous oxide.
A four-year study of athletes with ICDs found that competitive sports were not harmful to most patients. However, those with a rare heart disease called arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) required more shocks during physical activity. Athletes with ICDs should consult their doctors before participating in sports.
A new study by SWOG found that publicly funded cancer trials have saved over 3.34 million years of life, with a estimated cost of $125 per life year gained. The study analyzed data from 193 Phase III randomized trials and estimated the cumulative life years gained from each trial.
A team of scientists found that male and female plovers shift incubation more frequently in response to rising temperatures, increasing cooperation between the sexes. This flexibility in parental care helps birds adapt to changing climates and extreme conditions.
Researchers at Duke University have created a technology that fuses GLP1 with a heat-sensitive elastin-like polypeptide, providing glucose control up to three times longer than current treatments. The new biopolymer injection lasts more than two weeks in primates and has the potential to replace daily or weekly insulin shots.
Research by M. Teresa Cardador found that women in managerial roles in engineering firms experience mixed identification with the profession, feeling they don't belong in technical roles. This can lead to stereotypes about women's suitability for technical work and increased work-life balance tensions.
A new, cheap catalyst has been invented to split water into oxygen and hydrogen using electricity. The catalyst, made of abundant non-precious metals like nickel and copper, is highly conductive and efficient, making it a promising solution for reducing the cost of producing clean hydrogen fuel.
Excess nitrogen in oceans disrupts coral-algae symbiosis, triggering bleaching even without heat and light stress. Microbial processes like nitrogen fixation can exacerbate bleaching events.
Researchers at KFU's Structural Biology Lab have made significant breakthroughs in understanding Staphylococcus ribosomes using cryo-electron microscopy. This discovery holds great promise for developing new treatments against deadly infections, such as pneumonia and septicemia.
A recent study published in Tobacco Control found that pictorial warning labels (PWLs) with images convey similar risk information as text-only labels, holding smokers' attention more effectively. The researchers observed that congruent PWLs where the image and text express similar messages or themes may be an optimal design strategy.
Researchers from Graphene Flagship have successfully integrated graphene into a CMOS circuit, enabling the creation of high-resolution image sensors that can detect UV, visible, and infrared light. This technology has vast applications in fields such as safety, security, and medical imaging.
Researchers identified dissolved barium as a tracer to quantify the extent of Kuroshio's impact on the East China Sea. The study found that Kuroshio subsurface water forms an intrusion current by climbing northwest along the bottom, with nearly 65% of its volume entering the Qiantang Estuary.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered basin-wide erosion rates incompatible with known tectonic and climatic regimes of the period. The findings indicate that human impact on the environment began significantly affecting the Earth's geology around 11,500 years ago.
A new study found that two interventions, one providing enhanced primary care and the other coaching, improved BMI and parents' sense of empowerment. Both programs also increased parents' confidence in addressing their child's weight problem.
Two studies found strong associations between mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea and increased risks of hypertension and diabetes. Young adults and middle-aged individuals with sleep apnea were more likely to develop these conditions.
Researchers used citizen scientists wearing boot socks on walks to find that slightly less than half of the socks were positive for Campylobacter, a common cause of diarrheal disease. The study suggests seasonal patterns and links to environmental factors, which could lead to interventions to reduce disease risk.
A study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology found that patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy experience significant changes in physical function and skills of daily living. After treatment, most patients show improvement in overall geriatric health, with some even experiencing increases in daily function.
A Phase I clinical trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of activated B. infantis EVC001 in breastfed infants. The study found no difference in adverse events between supplemented and unsupplemented groups, but significant colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract was observed.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured a last look at Tropical Depression Beatriz as it weakened to a remnant low-pressure area and moved into the Gulf of Mexico. The imagery showed that cloud top temperatures were near 230 kelvin, indicating weakened thunderstorm activity.
Dasatinib demonstrated significant benefits in a phase II clinical trial for pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), with 75% of patients experiencing progression-free survival after treatment. The study also showed minimal toxicities and improved quality of life for patients.
A study found that black men are more concerned about the impact of treatment on their daily lives, recovery time, and cost, while white men prioritize quality of life and cancer cure. These differences in perceptions may contribute to racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment.
A new study by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine found that maintaining a consistent sleep schedule is crucial for college students' emotional health. The research, which involved 204 students aged 18-25, revealed that irregular sleep patterns were associated with lower self-reported happiness and well-being during the week.
KELT-9b orbits a star more than twice as large and nearly twice as hot as our sun, causing its atmosphere to puff up like a balloon. The planet's day side is perpetually bombarded by stellar radiation, making it inhospitable for life.
A new predictive model shows that radiation from cosmic rays can extend to healthy cells, doubling the cancer risk for astronauts on Mars missions. The study, published in Scientific Reports, highlights the need for additional research on cosmic ray exposures prior to long-term space missions.
Researchers from Kyoto University, Imperial College, and City University of Hong Kong have developed mixed matrix membranes that can capture and store carbon dioxide efficiently and cost-effectively. The new materials have the potential to reduce large project costs by up to tenfold, making CCS technology more politically acceptable.
Researchers found strong association between cognitive decline and small blood vessel disease in the brain, with 61% of older adults having at least one component of the condition. The study, part of the Atahualpa Project, suggests that vascular neurology may be an important factor in stroke and neurological disorders in Latin America.
Researchers at Osaka University developed artificial fluorescent membrane lipids that mimic sphingomyelin and interact with proteins, enabling the study of complex cellular processes. The findings reveal dynamic behavior of SMs associated with CD59 and plasma membranes, offering insights into modifying molecular interactions.
Researchers found that a diabetes medication, linagliptin, can protect against stiffening of the left ventricle of the heart in overweight female mice fed a Western diet. The treatment suppressed oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
EPFL scientists have developed an Earth-abundant catalyst to split carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon monoxide, producing liquid fuels from renewable sources. The catalyst achieved a high efficiency of 13.4% in converting CO2 to CO using solar energy.
Researchers aim to develop a system that can explain AI decisions to humans, making autonomous vehicles and robots more trustworthy. The project will utilize real-time strategy games like StarCraft to train AI players that can provide natural language explanations.
Researchers found that small and very small unruptured intracranial aneurysms have low growth rates, ranging from less than 3% per year. The annual rupture rate for aneurysms smaller than 7mm was 0-1%. These findings may inform patient management and treatment decisions for patients with UIAs.
Researchers at UCSF found a significant association between chronic pain and faster declines in memory function and increased risk of dementia in older adults. The study suggests that chronic pain could be related to changes in the brain contributing to cognitive decline.
Researchers found that sponsorships involving high fees and distant international sponsors are perceived as reflecting calculative motives, while close geographic proximity is associated with affective motivations. Teams need to communicate the relevance of a sponsor to their market and area.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism behind treatment resistance in brain metastatic breast cancers, and a potential treatment strategy that may overcome this resistance. Targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (HER3) protein has been shown to significantly slow tumor growth and improve survival.
Researchers found that aspirin is marginally beneficial for those who have had a previous heart attack or stroke, but offers no apparent benefit for patients with no prior history of cardiovascular issues. The study suggests that further clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.
Purdue University scientists have identified a new type of electrocatalyst that is both active and stable, which could solve a significant problem in fuel cells and electrolyzers. The nanoscale nickel islands on platinum substrate exhibit unexpected properties that make it an ideal candidate for promoting chemical reactions.
The new guideline provides practical advice on key areas, including diagnostic algorithms, treatment advice, and risk assessment. Patients will benefit from receiving evidence-based advice to reduce accidental reactions and manage reactions more effectively.
Rotifers have been found to use Terminons, giant DNA sequences, to shield their chromosomes from degradation, which is linked to aging. This finding may help researchers better understand the mechanisms of aging.
Researchers found that stratospheric ozone concentrations in the US are vulnerable to water vapor and temperature variations from storm systems, posing a risk to human health and crops. The study calls for increased meteorological and chemical observations to forecast short-term and long-term ozone loss.
Researchers found that coral-feeding fish have fleshy, slime-covered lips that help them survive by feeding primarily on coral mucus. The unique adaptation allows the fish to seal their mouths over small areas and increase suction-feeding efficiency.
Researchers discuss routes of Zika virus transmission and its effects on pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage and microcephaly. Therapeutic approaches aimed at blocking Zika virus transmission from mother to fetus are also presented.
A study of over 1.6 million Medicare beneficiaries found that cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of stroke, particularly hemorrhagic stroke. The authors suggest that mixed coagulopathy and underlying vascular risk factors may contribute to this association.
A new study has found that patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for psychiatric disorders have a positive experience, with 80% viewing the treatment as useful and 70% finding it more efficacious than drug therapy. The study aims to validate ECT as a less frightening option by improving its administration standards.
Researchers create most detailed and extensive local map of air pollution ever produced for an urban area, mapping air quality on a block-by-block basis. The study reveals air pollution can vary dramatically even within a single city block.
The newly discovered planet KELT-9b has a unique orbit, atmospheric features, and a daytime temperature hotter than most stars. Its surface reaches 7,800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day, just 2,000 degrees cooler than the Sun.
Experts discuss emergency medicine in space, where severe medical events and loss of crew life are significant risks during long-duration flights. Alternative CPR methods have been tested in microgravity experiments, showing a 'hand-stand' technique as the most effective method.
A study of 23,600 childhood cancer survivors found a decline in severe health problems occurring five or more years after diagnosis, with the largest decreases seen in Wilms' tumor and Hodgkin lymphoma. Advances in treatment have improved five-year survival rates from 58% to 84% today.
A new cancer medicine, larotrectinib, has demonstrated compelling evidence for treating a range of advanced cancers. The therapy, which targets TRK fusion proteins, resulted in responses in 76% of patients across 17 different types of cancer. After 12 months of treatment, 79% of responding patients remained progression-free.
Adding abiraterone acetate to standard hormonal therapy reduces the chance of death by 38% and doubles the median time until cancer worsens. Cancer growth is delayed by 18 months, but severe side effects like high blood pressure and liver enzyme abnormalities are more common with abiraterone.
Researchers developed a biocatalytic system to produce terephthalic acid from p-xylene using metabolically engineered E. coli, offering a greener alternative to traditional chemical methods. The resulting yield of 97 mol% demonstrates the feasibility of this bio-based technology for large-scale production.
Experts at Euroanaesthesia congress discuss good Samaritan laws in Europe and their implications for doctors. They emphasize the importance of a doctor's duty to help, even if they're not able to assist fully, and note that successful claims against doctors are practically unheard of.