Researchers found that gut bacteria partially recovered six months after antibiotic treatment, but with a loss of sensitive bacterial species. Resistance genes also increased in the remaining bacteria. Over time, good microbes like bifidobacteria took over, normalizing the microbiome.
A study published in Communications Biology found that changing an enzyme's surface density can alter its ability to bind different substrates. By swapping single components on the surface, researchers were able to convert one enzyme into another, with implications for biotechnology applications.
Scientists study bat and dolphin sonar systems to improve man-made active sensing technologies. Bat species use frequency-modulating calls to overcome acoustic interference, whereas dolphins rely on short clicks with minimal overlap.
Researchers developed a novel SPECT tracer to image c-Met expression in NSCLC, producing clearer images in less time and reducing radiation exposure. The tracer showed high specificity and rapid clearance from the body, making it potentially suitable for clinical use.
Scientists plan to fly a coronagraph aboard a high-altitude balloon to measure density, temperature, and speed of electrons in the corona. This will help understand how solar wind forms and accelerates, impacting space-weather forecasts and potentially disrupting power grids.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that poor aerobic fitness in children is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study's findings suggest that traditional measures of aerobic fitness may overestimate its role in identifying children at increased risk.
The University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust will create a digital pathology clinical network and research programme with a £10.1m UK Research and Innovation investment. The project aims to develop artificial intelligence tools for pathology diagnosis, generating over 760,000 images per year.
A new machine-learning model developed by Google and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health can identify potentially unsafe restaurants more accurately than existing methods, helping to detect lapses in food safety in near real time. The model's overall precision rate was 52.3%, compared to 22.7% for routine inspections.
A recent survey by ZSL's SPOTT found that only 49 of the world's top palm oil producers and traders have committed to zero-deforestation pledges, but many lack effectiveness in addressing deforestation. Companies must provide detailed information on monitored areas and methods used to track forest cover.
Sarcopenic obesity is a condition characterized by both muscle loss and increased body fat mass. Researchers emphasize the need for more studies to understand its health consequences and develop effective treatments. Experts suggest considering sarcopenic obesity as a scientific priority, citing organizations such as ESPEN and EASO.
Researchers will develop and test a multi-interface in-vehicle environment to explore how technology can enable safe commutes that combine work with driving. The project aims to increase productivity, well-being, and profitability for workers and firms.
The Dr. Bob Woods Distinguished Chair promotes research, innovation, and best practices in automotive engineering and design. UTA's Formula SAE team has won six championships under Woods' leadership for over 30 years.
Researchers found that preschool children (2-5 years old) can recognize sounds heard during naps, even when they're asleep. The study uses EEG and tested individual children in a quiet room, playing nonsense words to assess their auditory processing.
Scientists uncover evidence for multiple, older earthquake events in the geologic record, challenging the idea of a sustained tempo of faulting. The study reveals four distinct packages of sediment corresponding to previously identified earthquakes, with no evidence of additional seismic activity in the past 4,300 years.
Tropical Storm Xavier weakened to a remnant low pressure area on Nov 6, 2018, with strong southwesterly vertical wind shear observed. The GPM core satellite analyzed the storm's precipitation structure, revealing powerful convective storms reaching altitudes of up to 11.1 km.
Subtle visual cues, such as crowd size and connectivity icons, can encourage users to disclose more information on online forums. The study tested these cues on a sexual health forum and found that participants were more willing to share private information when they felt connected to others in the network.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a new AI system called Pattern to Knowledge (P2K) that can predict biosequence interactions in seconds. P2K uses deep knowledge from data to identify and predict amino acid bindings, potentially reducing bottlenecks in drug discovery.
Aryn Gittis, a Carnegie Mellon University neuroscientist, has been recognized for her creativity and originality in research. She discovered a class of neurons that restored movement in a mouse model for Parkinson's disease when targeted with optogenetics.
A new 'lab on a chip' technology allows for individualized cancer treatments that target specific tumor cells with high specificity. This breakthrough reduces the cost and time required to develop effective treatments, potentially revolutionizing T cell therapy for cancer.
Researchers found that flow units, similar to structural defects like dislocations, play a crucial role in metallic glass's mechanical and thermal properties. This discovery paves the way for designing optimized materials through tailoring of these units.
The Orcasound project has developed a web application that enables citizen scientists to listen to livestreaming audio from hydrophones, complementing computer algorithms in analyzing data. The app aims to bring synergy between human listeners and sophisticated algorithms, saving audio data to online cloud storage for later analysis.
Tropical Cyclone 03S has formed in the Southern Indian Ocean with maximum sustained winds near 35 knots. The storm is moving west-southwestward and is expected to strengthen over the next several days, according to NASA satellite imagery.
Research detects 69 pharmaceutical compounds in stream insects, which can pass to predators in water and on land, exposing them to therapeutically-relevant doses. The study highlights the chronic drug pollution concentrated in aquatic insects and its potential ecological consequences.
Researchers found that widely used naloxone nasal spray and injection products retain high potency and stability beyond their labeled expiration dates. This study suggests extending shelf-life could aid in increasing medication availability, particularly during the ongoing opioid epidemic.
A team of scientists used CT imaging to identify a new Panamanian species of thorn snail, Carychium panamaense. The study revealed details about the snail's shell and its potential for conservation.
Researchers will identify biomarkers for DNA repair defects in tumors, enabling faster decision-making on treatment choices. A clinical trial will test carboplatin therapy's effectiveness in advanced prostate cancer.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered that delivering progesterone via a wearable bioreactor can induce partial limb regeneration in adult frogs. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for amputation injuries, potentially benefiting millions of people worldwide.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a compound that restores mitochondrial function and energy production in Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndromes (MTDPS) liver-like cells. NAD was found to increase ATP levels by activating a transcription cascade that results in inc...
Researchers have developed a new plasma generator capable of removing burdensome siloxane contaminants in landfill gas, converting up to 85% into removable solid deposits. This technology has the potential to improve the use of landfill gas as energy by reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found inflammation in the brain region responsible for mood regulation after stress during pregnancy. The study used an animal model of postpartum depression to examine the possible connection between the immune system and the disorder.
Researchers have identified a new gene, LSS, responsible for hypotrichosis simplex, a rare form of hair loss. The gene's mutation impairs an enzyme crucial to cholesterol metabolism, leading to progressive hair loss from childhood on.
A new study in CHEST journal demonstrates that mandibular movement monitoring can assess the efficacy of oral appliances treating obstructive sleep apnea. Patients showed a reduction in respiratory effort, apnea-hypopnea index scores, and oxygen desaturation index.
A study by Angela Cooper and colleagues found that adults have difficulty distinguishing between children's voices, with only about 40% correct identification rate. The researchers used a space alien interactive game to elicit recordings from 2-year-olds and their mothers, which led to the development of new training methods for improv...
Researchers found that supermarket produce is a reservoir for transferable antibiotic resistance genes, which can evade traditional detection methods. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the resistome in produce and emphasizes the need for improved detection methods.
Researchers developed a new approach to identify flavor-giving protein fragments in fermented foods. The 'sensoproteomics' method efficiently and quickly identified the decisive fragments responsible for bitter flavors in cheese, reducing possibilities from 1,600 to 17. This innovation aims to optimize the taste of various products.
Research finds that prenatal exposure to THC can impair learning and memory in adolescents, while also improving symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients. Long-term cannabinoid use alters brain metabolism and connectivity in adults, raising concerns for vulnerable populations.
Researchers have successfully detected brain tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a cheap and widely available technique, opening up new possibilities for monitoring and treating brain tumors. The test has the potential to increase detection rates and provide more tailored treatment approaches for patients with brain tumors.
A new report by ESTRO highlights the need for improved access to radiotherapy in Europe, citing a quarter of patients who need treatment not receiving it. Experts recommend increased investment, better understanding, and integration into cancer care plans.
A twin study suggests that summer birth, hours spent playing computer games, and lower educational attainment are associated with a higher risk of developing myopia in childhood. Fertility treatment appears to afford protection against this condition, possibly due to smaller birth size and developmental delay.
A medieval skeleton found in Spain's Balearic Islands revealed the first physical evidence of fern plant use for medicinal purposes. The fern leaf was likely used as an infusion to cure conditions such as dandruff, a common cold, and kidney stones.
A genetic scan of 4,578 TB samples from China revealed just two dominant strains account for 99.4% of cases, with strain L2 spreading widely due to internal movement allowing its spread. The study also found that strain Lineage 4 was introduced via the silk trade between 1084 and 1336 A.D.
Researchers at KAUST have developed VR apps to visualize and interpret complex datasets in three dimensions. These apps use immersive technologies to allow users to interactively explore features of the data, leading to more accurate statistical models.
Fumiko Hoeft receives the Science Educator Award for her work in educating the public about neuroscience through outreach and education. Teodora Stoica and Elena Blanco-Suárez receive the Next Generation Award for their efforts to share neuroscience with local communities through communication, education, and outreach.
Breast cancer cells can become invasive by changing their identity through a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A newly identified protein, CXADR, plays a crucial role in this process. Reintroducing CXADR into breast cancer cells can change their behavior and repress invasive properties.
Researchers are exploring new paradigms for relationship diversity, including asexuality, polyamory, and kink/fetish relationships. The study of queer intimacies is being redefined, with Phillip Hammack calling for a 'paradigm shift' in the field.
Researchers analyzed data from over 109,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and found that states with required CPR education had higher bystander CPR rates and improved survival outcomes. Neurologically favorable survival was also more common in these states.
New studies reveal extracellular vesicles transport molecular signals, signs of disease, and stress effects onto offspring. These particles may help diagnose neurological disorders with similar symptoms.
Llinás' research on membrane biophysics and the active neuron concept has significantly advanced our knowledge of neuronal function and behavior. He was recognized for his work on dendritic calcium spikes, electrotonic coupling, and subthreshold oscillations in mammalian neurons.
Researchers found that people who weighed themselves daily or almost daily had a significant weight loss of 1.7 percent in 12 months, while those who never used at-home scales did not lose weight. Daily weighing may increase awareness of behavior changes affecting weight loss.
Researchers identified a link between MIR-137 and complex brain disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. Mice lacking MIR-137 displayed learning and memory deficits, repetitive behaviors, and impaired sociability, suggesting potential treatment targets.
The Society for Neuroscience has presented a record-breaking 261 Trainee Professional Development Awards to young researchers from around the world. This represents a 28% increase from last year's awards, reflecting the program's growing impact on supporting the next generation of neuroscientists.
Rice University scientists have developed a simple and efficient method to attach drugs or substances to antibodies, which are central to the body's immune system. The technique, called pClick, uses non-canonical amino acids to bind to specific sites on antibodies without the need for re-engineering or harsh chemicals.
Stephen Waxman, MD, PhD, of Yale University, received the Julius Axelrod Prize for his distinguished contributions to neuropharmacology and exemplary mentoring efforts. He is being recognized for his work on ion channels in nervous system disorders, including spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis.
Postdoctoral fellows Vikram Gadagkar and Johannes Kohl have been awarded the $25,000 Peter and Patricia Gruber International Research Award for their innovative contributions to neuroscience. Their research focuses on trial-and-error learning mechanisms and neural circuits that control behavior.
A new high-tech bracelet, Nightwatch, detects 85% of all severe night-time epilepsy seizures and can save thousands of lives. The device recognizes key characteristics of severe attacks and sends wireless alerts to carers or nurses.
A new study found that single mothers, those with less education, and mothers enrolled in the WIC Program may receive fewer resources and information to help them breastfeed. Despite receiving support from professionals, demographic differences and stress levels may affect their ability to engage in breastfeeding practices.
Research suggests excessive sitting increases risk of premature death and chronic diseases by 10-20%, but this risk pales in comparison to smoking's significant harm. Smoking carries a substantially higher risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer compared to sitting.
A new study published in the Journal of Glaucoma found that mindful meditation practice significantly lowers intraocular pressure, reducing stress-related biomarkers and improving quality-of-life. Meditation also positively influences other indicators, such as reduced cortisol levels and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factors.
Researchers are studying norovirus and Clostridium difficile to determine effective disinfection strategies for cleaning up vomit on soft surfaces. The goal is to control the spread of diseases in long-term care facilities, where outbreaks account for 60% of cases.
Researchers aim to identify barriers to successful therapy outcomes and develop optimal physical therapy treatment strategies for military personnel. Brain scans and virtual reality tests will be used to guide the development of new therapy methods, which could have real-world applications beyond the military.