Researchers have successfully detected and described four whale species using detailed satellite imagery, providing a cost-effective method for monitoring population changes and behavior. The study identifies key inaccessible whale populations that can benefit from satellite-based tracking.
Researchers found that ezogabine, an FDA-approved anti-seizure medication, significantly reduced depressive symptoms in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. The study showed a 45% reduction in depression and improved resilience after treatment.
Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland have developed novel antibacterial compounds targeting LsrK kinase, a key player in bacterial quorum sensing. The identified LsrK inhibitors have shown micromolar activity and will be further optimized to improve understanding of inhibition of LsrK in the AI-2 pathway.
A new study by the University of Texas at Austin found that where produced water is stored underground increases earthquake risk. The research identified factors that can help reduce seismicity, including managing injection rates and regional volumes.
A University of Houston graduate student has received a NASA fellowship to incorporate predictions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from vegetation into a climate model. The project aims to better understand the impact of extreme drought on emissions and atmospheric composition.
A new modeling study suggests that older women who test negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) with a DNA test may be at low risk of cervical cancer and could safely stop screening. However, regular cytology screening up to age 75 can still prevent cancers and is recommended for countries using HPV testing.
The special issue explores composite materials' potential for sustainable applications, including biodegradable composites for packaging and recycling of plastic waste.
New research published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine highlights the high burden of sport-related injuries among children and adolescents. The study found that almost half of sport injury-related emergency department attendances involved children under the age of 19, with fractures being the most common type of injury.
Researchers at Yale University found that majority-group members hold negative views of minority-group individuals with dual identities due to perceived disloyalty. However, this bias can be mitigated when minority-group members demonstrate loyalty to the majority group.
A University of Arizona researcher is working on a potential treatment strategy targeting cardiac fibroblasts responsible for excessive collagen production in the heart. The goal is to prevent progression to heart failure by slowing down the overproduction of scar tissue.
Conservation scientists find that only 23% of the world's landmass can be considered wilderness, with the rest lost to human activities. Wilderness areas are crucial buffers against climate change and provide refuges for declining species.
A nationwide network study has found a small association between early antibiotic exposure and weight gain in young children. The research, published in Pediatrics, suggests that antibiotic use at less than 24 months of age may lead to slightly higher body weight at 5 years of age.
Researchers have successfully developed kidney tissue that exhibits the early stages of congenital kidney disease using iPS cells from a patient with a nephrin mutation. The study found that repairing the nephrin mutation can normalize abnormalities and may lead to the development of effective drugs for kidney disease.
Robert Tampé's €1.5 million Koselleck project aims to elucidate key mechanisms of antigen processing in MHC-I complexes, which could lead to new therapy options for infections and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers track Aedes aegypti's evolution and spread using genomic techniques, revealing its historical traversal of slave trade routes and beyond. The study provides insights into the domesticated mosquito species' role in spreading diseases like yellow fever, dengue, and Zika.
Researchers at the University of Arizona are working on a disposable falloposcope to detect early-stage ovarian cancer. The device aims to reduce unnecessary procedures and improve patient outcomes by providing accurate screenings for high-risk women.
Research found that infants born to fathers over 45 have a higher risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and healthcare support needs. The study highlights the need for men to be included in preconception care.
A new study by UMass Medical School researchers successfully delivers RNAi-based gene therapy to silence SOD1 protein mutations linked to ALS without adverse effects. The therapy, delivered via a viral vector, achieved silencing of over 90% in some motor neurons, suggesting a safe and potentially one-time treatment for humans.
Karine Le Roch, a UC Riverside professor, is awarded two NIH grants totaling $6.6 million to study Plasmodium falciparum parasites and develop novel therapeutics. The research aims to target RNA-binding proteins, or RAPs, which are essential to parasite development.
A systematic review by RAND Corporation finds a growing evidence base for palliative care, supporting home-based palliative care, interdisciplinary team care, and telehealth interventions. However, limitations exist in social needs assessments and culturally-sensitive care.
A new study finds that the depth of wastewater disposal in US oil sites significantly contributes to induced seismicity. In Oklahoma, deeper disposal into the basement rock increases seismicity due to higher cumulative volume and injection rates.
Researchers identified 35 genes linked to reproduction, milk production, growth, meat quality, and health in Gir cattle. These genes are a key step towards developing novel lines with desired traits for producers and consumers.
A team of researchers has discovered a biomarker, named cBIN1 Score, that measures muscle deterioration and protein regulation in the heart, indicating onset of heart failure. This simple blood test can aid doctors in diagnosing at-risk patients before symptoms appear.
Babies born to fathers over 35 have higher risks of adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and seizures. The study used data from 40 million births to show that every year a man ages increases the risk by two new DNA mutations in his sperm.
Researchers found that previously jailed veterans are 3-5 times more likely to attempt suicide compared to their peers, regardless of age or additional risk factors. This is due to reduced social connections and increased stigma upon release from prison.
A recent study published in Nature suggests that gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating movement in fruit flies. The researchers found that specific bacterial strains, such as Lactobacillus brevis, can slow down the speed of germ-free flies by fine-tuning levels of carbohydrates.
New research reveals that Mycoplasma pathogens produce DNA building blocks using a metal-free process, which may enable them to survive and multiply despite a lack of metals. This unique strategy has been found in bacteria that infect mucosal surfaces in the respiratory and genital tracts.
A new study published in Human Fertility found that single women who freeze their eggs for non-medical reasons are trying to avoid 'panic parenting.' The research also highlights the need for clearer information about the likelihood of having a baby with these eggs. Many participants reported feeling emotionally difficult and unsupport...
Children's hospitals will use electronic health records and DNA samples to identify genetic markers for severe pediatric growth disorders, enabling early diagnosis and targeted treatments.
Researchers have discovered a new class of 2D magnetic materials with promising applications in electronics. These ultra-thin layers exhibit unique properties, such as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and magnetism control, which can be manipulated electrically or optically.
A new study found that denosumab improves spinal bone mineral density and reduces pain in patients with osteoporosis caused by transfusion-dependent thalassemia. The treatment also showed promise in increasing bone density in other areas, such as the wrist and femoral neck.
A Cornell University-led team developed modular robots that can perceive surroundings, make decisions and reconfigure themselves for different tasks. The robots' autonomous behavior and shape changes mark a significant step towards real-world applicability.
Researchers found that neonatal birthweights increase in direct proportion with the number of births in at least 30 percent of cases. Large for gestational age (LGA) weight infants are at risk for complications and recurrence, according to a new study published in Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
The $1.5 million grant will allow Brown, RIDOC and partners to expand MAT treatment for high-risk individuals, addressing gaps in the existing program. Over three years, the team aims to treat over 300 additional Rhode Island residents with opioid use disorders.
CloudSat flew over Typhoon Yutu on October 28, 2018, revealing a cirrus-free eye with an outward sloping eyewall. The storm was weakening due to unfavorable atmospheric conditions. The satellite's radar captured intense areas of convection and cloud-free areas underneath the northern portion of the cirrus canopy.
Researchers are exploring a new treatment using two existing drugs to reduce heart damage during cardiac surgery. The team will test the treatment in pigs and assess its safety and feasibility before moving to human trials.
A recent study led by Princeton University researchers found that the world's oceans have absorbed 13 zettajoules of heat energy per year between 1991 and 2016, exceeding previous estimates by 60%. This increase in ocean warming suggests that Earth is more sensitive to fossil-fuel emissions than previously thought.
Researchers argue that traditional trait-based approaches are insufficient for understanding personality dynamics and variation over time. A new dynamic view of personality traits and disorders may provide more guidance for intervention, helping individuals with personality disorders improve their lives.
A study published in Nature reveals that the RNA modification m6A facilitates learning and memory in mice by promoting translation through the Ythdf1 reader protein. The researchers found that knockout mice showed significant deficits in spatial learning and fear memory, but these deficits were reversible upon re-expression of Ythdf1.
Historical analysis of over 22 million UK baby names reveals shifts in societal values and cultural diversity from Victorian era to present day. The use of distinctive names has become increasingly popular, with experts attributing this to increased exposure and desire for individuality.
A team of Polish-American-Italian researchers has successfully created a record-long polymer DNA negative, featuring a sequence with all four nucleobases. The synthetic molecule functions chemically like a normal strand of deoxyribonucleic acid and demonstrates improved properties over natural DNA.
A multidisciplinary research team has provided fundamental new insight into the mechanism of dimethyl fumarate, a medical drug used to treat multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. The results describe an allosteric covalent inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases, pointing to an effective mechanism of kinase inhibition.
Researchers analyzed data from the BP Gulf Science Data and found no correlation between subsea dispersants and deep plume formation, showing substantial amounts of oil continued to surface. The study suggests alternative strategies such as the 'capping stack' method and bio-surfactants may be more effective in managing blowouts.
Strongest thunderstorms were found west and northwest of the center with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm is expected to remain powerful over the north-central and northeastern Atlantic Ocean into the weekend.
A review of 28 studies found that bariatric surgery increased testosterone levels and improved erectile function in obese men, but had no impact on sperm parameters. However, nutritional malabsorption may counterbalance these hormonal changes.
Researchers at KIT developed a method to analyze social media photos to draw conclusions about the socio-cultural importance of natural landscapes. By analyzing tags and content, they identified cultural hotspots and understood how people use areas for leisure activities or nature appreciation.
The National Science Foundation is investing in 10 new projects to research biodiversity and its interactions with climate, land use, and invasive species. The Dimensions of Biodiversity program aims to transform how we understand life on Earth by addressing multiple dimensions of biodiversity simultaneously.
Researchers identified alexidine dihydrochloride as a pan-antifungal compound with low mammalian cell toxicity and efficacy against biofilms. The compound potentiates fluconazole's effectiveness and eradicates biofilms in mice central venous catheters.
The world has lost over 77% of land and 87% of ocean to human modifications, with only polar regions remaining untouched. International conservation targets are urgently needed to protect the last remaining wilderness.
Researchers found a link between colectomy and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study, analyzing data from over 46,000 patients, suggests the colon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that hot-brewed coffee contains higher levels of antioxidants than cold-brew coffee. This contradicts the popular perception that cold brew is less acidic and thus less likely to cause gastrointestinal problems.
A systematic review of US-based studies reveals confusion and gaps in participants' understanding of genetic privacy. Participants frequently conflate privacy with confidentiality, control, and security, but also value benefits such as access to genetic information from tests over privacy protection.
Researchers identified SIRT1 as a key player in reducing the likelihood of obesity and related metabolic disorders in boys. Increased SIRT1 levels in male offspring prevented excessive weight gain, improved blood sugar regulation, and reduced liver fat content.
Researchers have developed a new platform for studying 2D magnetism, which could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing, sensing technologies, and superconductors. The discovery of novel materials with specific functionality could also deepen our understanding of fundamental issues in condensed matter physics.
Researchers at George Washington University found cold therapy to be the most effective preventative intervention for taxane-induced dermatologic events, followed by urea-based creams for hand/foot side effects. Cold caps and scalp cooling systems also showed promise in preventing hair loss and skin/toxicity events.
A study by the University of Leeds highlights inconsistencies in European national diet surveys, leaving many countries' nutrient intakes unknown. The research found that only a third of European countries have robust reporting on child and adolescent nutrient intakes, making it difficult to design and monitor nutritional policies.
A new rehabilitation protocol combining targeted electrical stimulation and weight-assisted therapy enables paraplegics to walk again, even without stimulation. All three study participants regained voluntary control of leg muscles after just one week and maintained improvements for five months.
A new delivery system combines blood platelets with stem cells to guide drugs into the bone marrow, where leukemia begins. In mice with acute myeloid leukemia, this therapy halted disease progression and achieved a cure rate of 87.5%.
A novel unsupervised language translation model developed by MIT researchers can translate far more languages with greater speed and efficiency. The model uses Gromov-Wasserstein distance to align words in two languages, achieving accurate results without human annotations.
Astrocytes communicate with neurons to regulate sleep time in fruit flies, a finding that suggests a similar mechanism may exist in mammals. The study used fruit flies to identify mechanisms of sleep regulation and found that a protein called Eiger plays a critical role in regulating sleep.