Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology identify PP2A B55δ as a major regulator of alcohol fermentation by yeast. Understanding this molecular pathway could lead to ways to chemically enhance production of fermented beverages like sake.
A study of female childhood cancer survivors found that genetic profiling can identify high-risk individuals for subsequent breast cancer. Polygenic determinants and rare mutations significantly contribute to breast cancer risk, with a notable age-specific association in younger women.
A team of researchers has developed a mutual information approach to interpreting atmospheric data collected over an 18-year period, finding strong correlations between new-particle formation and water content, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, and relative humidity.
Mule deer migration routes in Wyoming reveal a strong link between fitness and nutritional condition. The research identifies landscape features that facilitate movement and access to forage, while also highlighting the importance of avoiding human disturbance.
Researchers debunked the effectiveness of EnChroma glasses for color blind individuals, showing they do not improve color vision or correct color blindness. The study used 48 volunteers and multiple testing methods, concluding that the glasses' effect is similar to those used for specific activities, such as hunting.
A new study has found that frequent home hemodialysis is associated with a lower mortality risk compared to traditional hemodialysis. The study analyzed data from over 1,700 patients and found that HHD patients were 23% less likely to die during follow-up than IHD patients.
A recent study found that wood smoke exposure results in higher inflammatory markers for male subjects and lower inflammatory markers for female subjects. The researchers suggest that sex-specific effects may be missed when lumping data together, emphasizing the need to consider sex-specific responses when studying environmental pollut...
Researchers at Stanford University have created two frameworks, RoboTurk and SURREAL, that enable humans to teach robots basic skills more efficiently. The systems allow people to direct robot arms to perform tasks like picking up objects in real-time using a smartphone and browser.
Researchers in Barcelona have received an ERC Synergy grant to study chronic lymphocytic leukemia at unprecedented resolution using single-cell analysis. The BCLL@las project aims to generate comprehensive information from thousands of individual cells, leading to novel insights into the origin and evolution of cancer.
Virginia Tech will create an international business education program focusing on East Asia with the new grant. The program will integrate language and culture studies through coursework, study abroad, and internships in China, Korea, and Southeast Asia.
A new study finds that individual rainbow trout strains from Canada and California exhibit varying levels of heat and oxygen tolerance. This natural variation may help some fish survive global warming, while others are more vulnerable.
Researchers discovered robust long-range patterns of correlated spontaneous activity in immature ferrets, contradicting expectations. These early activity patterns served as a template for the development of mature distributed networks, suggesting that 'local connections build a network activity scaffold'.
Researchers have developed algorithms that enable connected and automated vehicles to adjust to driving conditions with little input from drivers. This technology aims to improve coordination of traffic patterns, save fuel, and reduce crashes.
A new article published by CU researchers provides an overview of biological and chemical agents that might be used in potential terror attacks. The authors describe how to recognize, diagnose, treat, and report exposures to various agents, aiming to better prepare healthcare providers for such emergencies.
Researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy discovered that gut microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes produces a substance impairing insulin response. This finding highlights the importance of diet and gut microbiota interaction in understanding metabolism in health and disease.
Researchers have confirmed the existence of two elusive clouds of dust in semi-stable orbits around the Earth, known as Kordylewski clouds. The observations were made using a linearly polarising filter system attached to a camera lens at Judit Slíz-Balogh's private observatory in Hungary.
Researchers have identified a cellular target that may improve vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised individuals, who are highly susceptible to fungal infections. The study found that targeting CBLB, a protein important in regulating immune response, can elicit immunity through a unique T cell pathway.
Researchers found that cumulative head impact exposure plays a role in the occurrence of concussive injuries in some college football athletes, with 72% experiencing more impacts before the concussion occurred. The study supports policies to limit head impact exposure during training and games.
Biophysicists at Ruhr-University Bochum developed a Raman microscopy method to detect cancer drug resistance in tumour cells. The new approach shows effectiveness in non-mutated cells but remains ineffective in mutated cells, similar to clinical observations.
Researchers found that fruit flies with a specific mitochondrial DNA mutation thrived on high-carbohydrate diets, while those without the mutation stagnated on protein-rich diets. The study suggests a potential link between this mutation and human health issues related to carbohydrate intake.
A study by University of East Anglia researchers found that the length of time between product consumption and posting affects review quality, with early reviews being more negative and later ones more positive. The study also discovered that geographical and cultural distances influence how reviewers rate experiences.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo found that a substance in young mice's tears makes female mice more likely to reject male sexual advances. The study aims to develop a natural mouse birth control method by adding a specific pheromone molecule to drinking water, which could reduce mouse populations and alleviate pest control issues.
A team of physicists at the University of Konstanz has developed a theoretical concept to shield electric and magnetic noise, extending the coherence time of spin qubits. This enables thousands of computer operations to be carried out in fractions of a second, paving the way for more efficient quantum computing.
The article discusses the rise of cannabis-intoxicated driving in the US and challenges surrounding detecting THC levels. Stoned-driving poses a significant accident risk, particularly when combined with alcohol or other substances.
A new screening method, 'rec-YnH', has been developed to detect direct biomolecule interactions, enabling researchers to understand complex cellular processes. This affordable and accessible technique can be used by standard biomedical laboratories to study protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions.
A global online survey found that heat-related work productivity loss varies significantly between developed and developing countries. The study estimated average WPL losses of 3.5 days for developed countries and 6.6 days for developing countries under different warming scenarios.
A new study maps high-probability hot-spots for human-bear conflicts, helping wildlife managers mitigate mortality as bears expand their ranges. Conservation efforts in the Great Basin have led to an increase in bear population and geography, resulting in conflicts with humans.
Stroke specialists often see conditions known as stroke mimics and 'chameleons' that can mimic ischemic strokes, making accurate diagnosis complicated. Accurate diagnosis requires a detailed history and neurologic examination to avoid administering clot-busting drugs incorrectly.
Researchers found that around half of the 'missing' global emissions of carbon tetrachloride originated from eastern China between 2009 and 2016. Emissions have not decreased despite the phase-out of production for emissive use in 2010, with some regions potentially increasing slightly since then.
Researchers compared iSCs and BM-MSCs for CNS repair capacity. iSCs exhibit potential for neuronal differentiation, making them promising candidates as therapeutic agents.
Researchers have successfully scaled up a water-cooling system that can provide continuous day-and-night radiative cooling for structures. The low-cost hybrid organic-inorganic metamaterial can be scaled into an array small enough to fit on most rooftops and act as a natural air conditioner with minimal electricity consumption.
Researchers found that common genetic variations can significantly increase breast cancer risk for female pediatric cancer survivors, with a two-fold higher risk compared to average survivors. The collective effect of these variations is comparable to having a high-risk mutation in breast cancer predisposition genes.
A study conducted in Brazil found that roasted jackfruit seeds can replace between 50% and 75% of cocoa powder in milk and coffee used to make cappuccino without impairing flavor or aroma. The researchers developed an instant powder containing coffee with milk and chocolate, which can be a potential substitute for traditional cappuccino.
A recent study by University of Missouri researcher Lu Fan found that nearly two-thirds of student loan borrowers lack adequate financial literacy to manage their debt. The study also revealed that women are more likely to feel anxious about their student loans, while men tend to be less concerned and more likely to miss payments.
Researchers develop a novel combined therapy using icilin, a cold-mimicking molecule, and DMPP, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activator, to reduce excess adipose tissue and improve glucose metabolism. The combination is more effective than individual treatments alone.
Researchers have discovered interleukin IL-22 as a new target to inhibit the progression of liver disease and prevent cancer. The study reveals how IL-22 accelerates fibrosis during chronic hepatitis by amplifying the signal of the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β.
A team of researchers at Kanazawa University used magnetoencephalography to monitor brainwaves in children with autism spectrum disorder and those developing typically. The study found significant differences in motor-related gamma oscillations, suggesting a potential biomarker for autism diagnosis.
A new review of animal studies reveals that sex differences in response to cannabis are not just socio-cultural, but biological too. Estradiol affects control of movement, social behavior and filtering of sensory input via modulation of the endocannabinoid system.
Dr. Susan Fullerton, a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh, has received the 2019 Marion Milligan Mason Award for her novel work on ion transport and next-generation electronic devices. The award recognizes her contributions to advancing women in the chemical sciences and provides funding and leadership development opportunities.
A new study published in Nature Climate Change synthesizes the effects of climate change and environmental problems in the Mediterranean region. The research highlights interconnected risks to sustainable development, including water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and human security threats.
Researchers developed a new method to predict lattice thermal conductivity of solids with high accuracy, removing the need for fitting parameters. This improvement enables more precise design of thermally resistive materials, including those used in thermoelectrics.
Researchers found that images of diseased body parts and testimonials from real people were the most effective individual features in pictorial warning labels. The study analyzed over 300 warning labels and recruited nearly 1,400 current smokers to view them and answer questions about their effect.
A global research team led by OU professors Karl D. Hambright and Lee R. Krumholz is investigating the complex interactions between cyanobacteria and associated bacteria in freshwater blooms. The team aims to discover new avenues for bloom mitigation through a deeper understanding of microbial co-evolution.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that cocoa flavanols, especially (−)-epicatechin, improve blood vessel function and lower blood pressure. Flavanol-only groups experienced all benefits, while procyanidin-enriched extracts showed reduced cholesterol without improvements in vascular effects.
Recent clinical trials have shown promising results in reducing progression of kidney disease and improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. These trials investigated the effects of linagliptin, a DPP inhibitor, on kidney outcomes, as well as high-dose versus low-dose intravenous iron therapy for hemodialysis p...
A recent study has found that nephrologists often lack confidence in managing various women's health issues, including menstrual disorders and menopause. The survey of 154 nephrologists revealed inconsistent documentation of obstetric history, highlighting the need for improved patient-centered care.
Adults with chronic kidney disease have a higher likelihood of receiving opioid prescriptions and using them, suggesting a link to the national opioid epidemic. Multiple comorbid conditions, including pain-causing and non-pain-related conditions, are associated with increased prescription opioid use in patients with CKD.
Researchers at Baycrest's Rotman Research Institute found that older adults exhibit greater eye movements but weaker brain activity when forming memories from visual information. This breaks the usual linkage between what we see and how we remember, leading to unfamiliar objects despite repeated viewing.
Researchers identified 'navigator' neurons that play a key role in establishing the olfactory map and correcting faulty connections. These neurons, which only exist during early development, undergo exuberant axon growth and have distinct molecular signatures.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified molecular signals that can convert tumor-promoting fibroblasts into beneficial ones in pancreatic tumors. By manipulating these signals, they aim to recruit tumor-restricting cells into the anticancer fight and develop a combination therapy approach.
Researchers have developed an implantable delivery system that enables patients to go 15 months in between treatments, significantly improving the conventional regimen of nearly monthly eye injections. The study found that patients treated with the highest drug concentration were able to maintain their vision for a longer period.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have identified three new compounds from the leaves of a threatened tropical plant species with potent antiproliferative activities against various human tumor cell lines. The study highlights the potential of rainforest plants as a rich source of bioactive natural products for cancer drug discovery.
A national sample of 1,084 adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) found that pro-inflammatory diets increased the risk of developing kidney failure. The study suggests that nutritional interventions focusing on reducing inflammation may help halt CKD progression.
Researchers have developed a 3D 'organ on a chip' that enables real-time continuous monitoring of cells, which could lead to the development of new treatments for diseases. The device allows scientists to study cells and tissues in new ways, mimicking the body's native three-dimensional environments.
A new paper highlights the importance of open and usable data sets in ecology and other field research. By sharing data and code, scientists can save time and effort, as well as foster critical inquiry and new knowledge.
Engineers boosted cells' ability to produce unsaturated lipids, leading to increased membrane respiration and growth rate. This knowledge could improve biofuel production and develop new treatments for diseases like type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research have discovered a protein called LMI1 that regulates leaf growth and shape. The study found that LMI1 limits cell division, preventing cells from developing into other types and reducing the size of organs.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a thermally-functional material that can absorb high solar radiation to cool itself autonomously. This innovative material has potential applications in treating burn injuries and withstanding thermal stresses on spacecraft.
Kanazawa University researchers create organic solar cells using wet processing method with molecule alignment, leading to improved light absorption and charge transport. The CuI layer introduction achieves a ten times higher substrate-facing orientation of active molecules.
The study investigated the effect of viscosity on enzymatic reactions in a simulated intracellular environment. Scientists found that sucrose limited enzyme mobility more efficiently than glycerol, affecting reaction rates and mechanisms. The approach to constructing metabolic chains inside luminescent bacteria cells was proposed.