Research reveals that babies establish a healthy gut microbiome until around 2.5 years old, with breastfeeding playing a crucial role in early life. After weaning, the microbiome rapidly changes and becomes more stable, but the loss of beneficial bacteria can occur if breast milk is not available.
A new bacterial imaging probe has been shown to be safe for patient use and can detect deadly pneumonia infections in under 60 seconds. This technology uses chemical probes that light up when they attach to specific types of infectious bacteria, allowing for real-time detection and monitoring.
Researchers are developing sensing technologies to measure circadian rhythm in shift workers, exploring the impact on cognitive performance, productivity, and accidents. The goal is to provide personalized feedback to enhance users' well-being and cognitive ability.
The study reveals a significant shift from mortality to morbidity, with conditions like low back and neck pain and anxiety disorders causing disability. The authors highlight the need for health services to adapt to managing long-term conditions and address social determinants of ill health.
A comprehensive study by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute found that air pollution and transportation noise significantly increase the risk of heart attacks. The study reveals that considering both factors together reduces the estimated effect of air pollution on cardiovascular health.
A new study by NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing found that nurses with bachelor's degrees report being better prepared in quality and safety measures, but the gap in preparedness between associate and bachelor's degree nurse graduates has doubled since 2007. This highlights the need for increased educational attainment among new nurs...
A new study by Brigham Young University researchers reveals that voters living in counties with high political competition give less to charity. The findings suggest that the perception of mistrust among like-minded individuals leads to lower charitable donations.
Researchers analyzed 250,000 cells from six mammalian species to chart the evolution of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. They found that genes involved in the immune response have highly variable activity in different cells within an individual's tissue.
Researchers develop silver nanoparticles coated with anti-seizure drugs to kill brain-eating amoebae, increasing human cell survival rates. The drug-nanoparticle combos target protein receptors or ion channels on the amoeba's membrane, offering a potential treatment for deadly infections.
A new study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has identified new regulators of nitrogen use in plants, which may lead to the development of crops better suited to thrive under different environmental conditions. The researchers found that eliminating certain genes can stunt plant growth and distort roots when nitrogen is scarce.
Researchers developed a new model to calculate optimal hunting thresholds, taking into account population growth rates and environmental fluctuations. The 'bang-bang' approach is proposed as the most effective strategy to control animal populations and reduce extinction risk.
A recent study found a significant increase in mental health diagnoses and treatment among US university students between 2009 and 2015. Anxiety, depression, and panic attacks saw the biggest increases, with anxiety now affecting almost 15% of students nationally.
Researchers have discovered that Nafion membranes partially unwind their fibers as they interact with water, leading to the growth of polymer fibers extending from the surface. This phenomenon is most pronounced in water with a high deuterium content, offering new avenues for optimizing fuel cell performance and electrical properties.
Researchers aim to improve guidelines for human-animal chimera research, considering moral status and animal welfare. The project will address conceptual, ethical, and procedural limitations in existing ethics guidance.
Researchers discovered a new projectile point style at the Debra L. Friedkin site in Texas, dated between 13,500 and 15,500 years ago, earlier than typical Clovis-style technologies. The finding may indicate two separate human migrations into North America, challenging current understanding of peopling history.
Research reveals that diabetics' enzyme can flip blood vessel cells, creating gaps three times more permeable than normal. Controlling this process could ease swelling, nerve pain, and infection risks.
A study investigated ideal access control rules for smart home devices in networked households, analyzing user preferences and derived suggestions for access management. The researchers found that contextual factors such as age, location, and usage history affect access rights, suggesting a need for customizable settings.
A study found significant racial discrimination in New York City's rental housing market, with Hispanics facing a 28% decrease in landlord responses and 49% lower offer rates compared to whites. Researchers used phone calls from the NYC Commission on Human Rights to test policy interventions.
A new Oxford University Press USA study reveals that advertising for alcohol in UK television is common and frequently appears in programs and advertisements. This may contribute to higher rates of alcohol use among young people, with exposure increasing subsequent consumption.
Researchers have uncovered the importance of mucus clearance in maintaining healthy airways. In chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and COPD, immobile mucus layers can accumulate bacteria, damaging lungs. The studies suggest using inhalation sprays to keep mucus bundles moving may impede formation of these harmful layers.
Researchers will work together to develop tools and methods to manage machine learning risks, including methods to defend against adversarial inputs and develop robust training methods. The center aims to foster a long-term research community in trustworthy machine learning.
Researchers at Yale and the Flatiron Institute found that compact, multiple-planet systems are more likely to form around stars with lower amounts of heavy elements. This discovery suggests new insights into the formation of smaller planets and their potential for supporting life.
A new AR device enables surgeons to interactively explore 3D cardiac data in real-time, reducing the risk of infection and improving patient care. The technology has shown exciting potential for guiding treatment and improving treatment outcomes.
A new tool, Multicriteria Decision Aiding methodology, helps decision makers structure and aggregate complex information for social housing initiatives. The method, based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Non-Additive Robust Ordinal Regression, provides a transparent and explainable outcome.
A University of Bath team has biochemically characterised the protein produced by the C9orf72 gene, revealing it to be a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that regulates molecules called RABs. This understanding is crucial in developing treatments and potentially a cure for neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTD.
Researchers aim to control and stabilize nuclear fusion reactions using heat and magnetic fields. Studies focus on regulating plasma temperature and density to produce fusion power while avoiding thermal instabilities.
Purdue University researchers used an MRI to study the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on stomach complications, showing it can correct symptoms and speed up gastric emptying. The technique has potential for more precise treatment than existing methods, and further research is planned.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that adult mouse skeletal stem cells revert to an earlier developmental stage when tasked with regenerating large portions of bone and tissue. This process, called de-differentiation, allows the cells to become more primitive and express genes typically found in early embryonic development.
Researchers at RUDN University found the mercury test ambiguous and required additional control experiments to verify results. This discovery may lead to reevaluating existing experimental data and improving catalysis mechanisms in chemical reactions.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed small flying robots called FlyCroTugs that can pull objects up to 40 times their weight using advanced gripping technologies. The robots' ability to anchor themselves to various surfaces using gecko-inspired adhesives and microspines enables them to navigate through snug spaces and inte...
A new study suggests that serotonin-producing neurons contribute to the fail-safe mechanism that ensures recovery from interrupted breathing, which may be disrupted in SIDS cases. The research found that mice with inhibited serotonin neurons had weaker breathing recovery and more instances of sudden death.
A six-week scientific campaign, RELAMPAGO, aims to discover why thunderstorms in a particular region of Argentina are among the most extreme in the world. Researchers will use advanced instruments to study storm formation and behavior, with a focus on improving knowledge and prediction of violent storms.
Scientists have discovered new genetic pathways associated with severe lung disease in premature infants, including those related to gonadotropin releasing hormone and heart development. These findings offer promise for earlier risk detection and the development of more precise treatments for this life-threatening condition.
Researchers found that increased ship noise results in high dolphin whistle frequencies and a reduction in whistle complexity, making it harder for dolphins to communicate. The simplification of these whistles could have significant effects on dolphin populations.
A new method developed by MIT researchers helps blood cells regenerate faster after radiation therapy, which can help leukemia and lymphoma patients recover from bone marrow irradiation. The technique involves stimulating stem cells to secrete growth factors that aid in the differentiation of precursor cells into mature blood cells.
Researchers at OIST and Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology have decoded the entire genome of the striped catfish, revealing new details about its evolutionary lineage and genes related to disease resistance. The genome data will enable aquaculturists to develop molecular markers for optimal breeding
The HPTN 075 Study found an alarming rate of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence rate was substantially higher than the general population, indicating an urgent need for increased access to HIV prevention approaches.
A Cornell University study reveals glyphosate in various dog and cat foods, with amounts considered safe for humans. The herbicide's origin is linked to plant-based ingredients, and its presence even in GMO-free products poses a challenge.
Researchers found an association between lead levels in the shin bone and treatment-resistant high blood pressure in men. The study suggests that cumulative lead burden may be an overlooked risk factor for drug-resistant hypertension.
A team of scientists developed a fluorescent imaging probe that can rapidly visualize Gram-negative bacteria in human lungs. The probe successfully detected bacterial lung infections in six patients with bronchiectasis and seven ventilated ICU patients without causing major adverse effects.
NASA's GPM satellite captured the eye of Super Typhoon Yutu passing over Tinian, with maximum sustained winds reaching 180 mph. The storm also brought extremely heavy rainfall, causing flash floods and potentially deadly surf conditions.
A new tool developed at Princeton University streamlines the creation of computer-animated images by automatically separating repeating objects into layers. The tool allows users to manually select and draw motion lines, which are then used to animate similar elements in a believable manner.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesi has persisted on the Scotian Shelf, which experiences strong multi-decadal variability in temperature and salinity. The sponge's ability to adapt to these changes suggests its potential response to future climate change.
Researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have produced the first definitive 3D image of how insulin binds to its receptor on the surface of cells. This image could inform the design of faster-acting and longer-lasting insulin therapies, potentially benefiting millions worldwide.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $500,000 grant from the Office of the Governor to fund two projects: one providing campus victim services and the other evaluating programs across the state. The grant aims to support crime victims and their services, with a focus on sexual assault cases.
Researchers found that New Caledonian crows can combine short parts to create novel functional tools, similar to early human tool manufacture. The birds' ability to anticipate object properties and solve complex problems is remarkable and sheds light on cognitive processes necessary for physical problem-solving.
The Utah Cancer Registry will continue to collect high-quality data on cancer patients in Utah for the next 10 years. The funding will support research aimed at preventing cancer and prolonging lives of those diagnosed with the disease.
New Caledonian crows demonstrate the ability to combine short components into novel functional tools, solving complex problems without assistance. This remarkable cognitive feat parallels human and ape behavior, highlighting the importance of planning and creative mental modeling.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have successfully applied the Purcell effect to improve the transmission of quantum information. By forcing photons onto a specific path using the Purcell effect, they achieved a significant increase in efficiency, enabling faster communication between quantum dots and transmitters.
A study at Hospital for Special Surgery found that complementary practices like meditation and mindful breathing helped patients manage chronic pain and reduced the need for medication. Participants reported improved daily function, calmness, and a better state of mind after using these techniques.
A recent study reveals that the US desert areas will experience a significant increase in dryness due to climate change. The research, conducted at Devils Hole cave, suggests that the water table has fluctuated by as much as 10 meters over the past 350,000 years, with shifts in Pacific storm track influencing rainfall patterns.
A new study published in Nature journal Scientific Data highlights the role of citizen scientists in tracking the spread of invasive species. The UK Ladybird Survey mapped 48,510 observations of the harlequin ladybird over a decade, showing its rapid spread across England and Wales.
A new study has identified genetic locations of resistance genes in the common bean, allowing breeders to develop varieties with built-in weevil protection. This will enable farmers to store seeds more effectively, reducing losses and improving food security.
The NSF has awarded a $9.98 million grant to Penn State to establish and lead the Center for Trustworthy Machine Learning, aiming to develop rigorous techniques to manage and mitigate machine learning security vulnerabilities. The center will bring together experts from multiple disciplines to advance the science of safe machine learning.
Researchers have designed 'smart' surface coatings that can repel harmful elements but permit targeted beneficial exceptions for medical applications. This technology holds promise for safer implants, more accurate diagnostic tests, and reduced false positives and negatives.
Researchers found that diatom algae blooms produce biotoxins affecting Oikopleura dioica zooplankton development, causing 'golf ball' phenotype and lethal anomalies. The study suggests a potential biomarker for zooplankton response to stress caused by diatoms.
Researchers at UMass Amherst and international team reveal the first complete study of solar neutrinos emitted by the Sun, shedding light on its energy output and composition. The study uses data from Borexino, a highly sensitive neutrino detector, to measure the full energy spectrum of solar neutrinos.
Researchers at UC Davis and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a gene network that enables plant roots to efficiently take up and metabolize nitrogen. This breakthrough could lead to the development of crop varieties that need less fertilizer or make better use of it, reducing environmental impacts.
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered that tetracycline antibiotics target human cytosolic ribosomes, leading to potential breakthroughs in treating cancer and pathological inflammation. The study provides a crucial foundation for further drug discovery and treatment development.
A University of Adelaide forensic pathologist warns that harmful substances in herbal medicines might contribute to deaths of 'health tourists.' Closer post-mortem checks are needed to consider adulterants.