Researchers at Duke University and Yale found that flavorings react with vaping liquids, creating new compounds that could trigger irritation and inflammation. The study highlights the need for transparency on e-cigarette ingredients, particularly among youth.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have figured out the fundamental mechanisms behind the stability of bendable tubes, including drinking straws. By introducing pre-stress into the material, they found that the structure becomes more stable in a bent configuration, contrary to intuition.
Researchers are sampling annual bluegrass populations across Tennessee to quantify herbicide resistance and develop new diagnostic assays. The goal is to optimize management plans that integrate cultural and chemical techniques to mitigate resistance.
The project aims to create a personalized portal where people with epilepsy can manage their disease and find relevant information. It will integrate data from social media, electronic health records, and scientific literature to provide targeted recommendations and visualizations.
Research from Harvard suggests that reducing formaldehyde emissions could be more effective at reducing extreme wintertime haze than focusing solely on sulfur dioxide. Formaldehyde is formed by the reaction of SO2 with formaldehyde in clouds or fog droplets, and its sources are primarily vehicles and industrial facilities.
A new review paper suggests diversifying working lands, including farmland, rangeland and forests, to preserve biodiversity. This approach can extend habitats for wildlife and create more sustainable, productive farming landscapes.
Researchers found that corals living in more productive waters consume plankton and other microorganisms for energy, suggesting some corals are less reliant on symbiotic algae. This discovery could aid predictions on coral recovery from bleaching events and inform strategies for identifying resilient reefs.
A new study published in PLOS Biology introduces a tool to assess mouse distress through voluntary wheel running, showing strong correlation with experimental colitis severity. The findings may simplify statistical analysis in future trials and provide a better way to implement the 3R principles into biomedical research.
A study of oesophagogastric cancer patients found women experienced higher rates of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mouth ulceration, and hair loss compared to men. The researchers analyzed data from four randomised trials involving over 1,600 patients.
Researchers developed a novel DNA vaccine that protected mice against multiple H3N2 viruses and severe illness, offering a promising approach to elicit an immune response against diverse strains. The vaccine strategy represents a step forward in eliminating the need for seasonal reformulation of influenza vaccines.
EDAS surgery reroutes brain arteries to create new pathways for blood and oxygen, significantly decreasing stroke recurrence rates by 9.6% compared to intensive medical management alone. The study's findings are promising for applying EDAS to severe atherosclerosis of the brain arteries.
Scientists have successfully imaged extremely small magnetic nanostructures with an 'invisibility cloak', allowing for dense data storage and fast data transfer. The cloaking technique reduces the magnetic stray field, enabling smaller structures that can be moved at high speeds.
A new study reveals wide variation in benzodiazepine prescribing among primary care doctors, with some counties having three times the level of sedative prescribing as others. High-intensity prescribers tend to be high-intensity users of opioid painkillers and other high-risk medications.
Researchers found a compact CRISPR gene-editing machinery in ancient microbes, dubbed Cas14, which is smaller than other Cas proteins and has the potential to improve rapid diagnostic systems for infectious diseases, genetic mutations, and cancer. The discovery of Cas14 could provide a powerful addition to diagnostic tools.
A recent study found that Hispanic kidney disease patients with poor primary care experiences have a higher risk of hospitalization. The study analyzed data from 252 patients and found associations between low communication quality, health promotion, interpersonal treatment, and trust with increased hospitalization risk.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has developed an AI-powered system called WiseEye that can detect fabric defects with high accuracy, minimizing the chance of producing substandard fabric. The system is installed on weaving machines to automatically inspect fabrics and reduce labor costs, enhancing production efficiency.
Researchers discovered that human dendrites have different electrical properties than those in rats, with reduced signal strength as they flow along the longer extensions. This increased electrical compartmentalization could enable single neurons to perform more complex computations.
A University of Kent study compared Democratic Republic Congo and Nepal's experiences with Security Sector Reform (SSR) policies based on European templates. The findings highlight the need to acknowledge context-specific factors for successful SSR policies.
MIT researchers developed a cryptographic system to securely analyze massive pharmacological datasets, enabling broad pooling of sensitive data for predictive drug discovery. The neural network identified novel interactions, including one with leukemia drug imatinib and an enzyme ErbB4, which could have clinical significance.
Researchers at IUPUI have spotted a new type of blow fly in Indiana, indicating shifting species populations due to climate change. The Lucilia cuprina fly was previously known to populate southern states but has now been found as far north as Michigan.
Researchers have developed a new approach to understand cancer's complex causes, enabling the analysis of multiple gene mutations simultaneously. This will accelerate the development of new treatments and provide insights into strategies for stopping cancer formation and spread.
A study found that racial disparities in student debt persist over time, with blacks having nearly double the debt of whites 15 years after college. The researchers suggest that student loan debt is linked to economic inequalities by race.
People who daily commute through natural environments show improved mental health, with active commuting showing stronger benefits. The study, PHENOTYPE, analyzed over 3,600 participants from Europe, finding a 2.74-point higher score for those commuting daily.
A new study from UTledo's College of Medicine and Life Sciences found a link between refined dietary fiber, gut bacteria, and liver cancer. The research suggests that consuming highly refined soluble fibers in processed foods may pose health risks, particularly for individuals with gut bacterial overgrowth or dysbiosis.
Researchers have made a major scientific breakthrough by detecting nuclear magnetism in single atoms on surfaces for the first time. The discovery uses advanced techniques to measure the nuclear spin of individual atoms, enabling identification of different isotopes atom by atom.
A new approach to genetic analysis identifies novel associations between genetic variants and ecological zones, replicating previously known associations with environmental variables. This study paves the way for further investigation into environmental factors and genomics, aiming to address unequal representation in clinical genomics.
A new study reveals that Placozoans use a peptidergic signalling system to coordinate complex behaviors, including feeding. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of nervous systems and how they became the body's control system.
A new study reveals that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delays are up to 50% more likely to be overweight or obese compared to the general population. Children with severe ASD symptoms are at an even higher risk, being 1.7 times more likely to be classified as overweight or obese.
The South Carolina Center for Translational Research Improving Musculoskeletal Health brings together scientists from across South Carolina to study and develop new treatments for musculoskeletal disorders. The center will create virtual clinical trials to speed up innovation and improve care.
Researchers used next-generation RNA sequencing to investigate mitochondrial tRNAs in patients with MERRF, a common inherited disorder. The study found quantitative changes in tRNA abundance and methyl modifications that affect protein synthesis within mitochondria.
The Kessler Foundation's LU-RRTC aims to improve minority-serving institutions' capacity and infrastructure to engage in disability and rehabilitation research. The grant will empower these institutions to increase their output of disability and health research, fostering maximum social and economic independence for individuals with di...
Researchers have discovered that nanodiamonds can be used as photocatalysts to produce methanol from CO2 and water. The process requires UV light excitation but recent studies suggest that intermediate stages can be created in the band gap by doping with foreign atoms, enabling visible spectrum usage.
A Purdue University-led team developed a new material that enables more efficient solar-powered electricity generation by reducing the cost of converting sunlight into heat energy. The innovation could make solar power a direct competitor to fossil fuels in generating electricity.
The world's largest outdoor shake table at UC San Diego will now test heavy structures with complex ground motions, enabling researchers to gather critical data on tall wooden buildings and retrofitting systems.
Exposure to malaria during pregnancy can trigger an immune response in the fetus, leading to higher levels of memory T cells and reduced clinical malaria incidence in childhood. Infants born to mothers with placental malaria have a lower risk of contracting malaria as children.
Researchers from Georgia State University discovered arid conditions in East Africa around half a million years ago, which may have influenced human evolution and the development of stone technology. The findings provide insights into how environmental changes impacted early human ancestors.
A Rutgers study reveals that the body structures of blue crab larvae significantly impact their ability to survive. Contrary to an initial assumption, the study found no correlation between a mother's size and her offspring's larval characteristics.
Scientists have found a simple way to detect air pollutants like sulfur dioxide in real time by analyzing changes in moss leaves. Moss can regenerate its chemical sensing capacity, making it a sustainable natural plant sensor for rapidly alerting authorities to potential dangers.
Recent studies conducted by CHAAMPS reveal significant health disparities among black men, including racial disparities in hospitalizations for heart failure. Additionally, the organization aims to address violent encounters between police and young black men through community-based initiatives.
A study of 17,608 US adults aged 50+ found that past-year misuse of prescription opioids or benzodiazepines was associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation. Misuse of both medication classes was linked to a significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts.
A novel antidepressant, vortioxetine, has been shown to improve subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with major depressive disorder. The treatment's multimodal effect on serotonin transport and reuptake may have important clinical implications for addressing sleep problems in depression.
Researchers aim to understand how malarial infections impact people exposed to Ebola virus, with a goal of developing tailored therapeutics for co-infection cases. The study will assess molecular impacts using an animal model and may involve testing in nonhuman primates.
Researchers discovered that loss of tumor protein p53 promotes cancer development by allowing cells to replicate despite growth stimuli deficiencies. This discovery provides insight into how cancer cells survive and multiply in adverse conditions.
A new study by the University of Exeter suggests that acculturation rates are strong enough to maintain cultural traditions in the face of migration, preserving differences between societies. The research found that even low levels of conformist acculturation can help preserve distinct cultural variations.
Researchers from the University of Stirling used European Union data to assess the risk of imported farmed shrimp, finding it to be comparable to other seafood products. The study analyzed 18 years of data and found that consumers would need to eat over 300g of shrimp per day to exceed safe limits for antimicrobials.
A recent study found that attending socioeconomically advantaged high schools tends to lead to higher educational attainment, income, and occupational prestige, while attending high-achievement schools can harm students' career prospects. Researchers hope to identify teacher-related factors that can buffer against these negative effects.
A new blood test that detects circulating tumour DNA is being tested to determine if cancer patients need chemotherapy after surgery. The trial aims to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from aggressive treatment and low-risk patients who can avoid chemotherapy.
A new study found that Arctic shrubs can lead to significant degradation of the permafrost layer, creating pathways for increased water and carbon flow. The interactions between shrubs and snow are driving increases in discharges of fresh water into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
The Pando aspen clone, widely considered the world's largest single organism, is in grave need of forest triage. The study reveals that early protection from fencing showed great promise in abating browser impacts, but follow-up fencing efforts are currently failing.
Researchers find that the autonomic nervous system directly controls stem cell proliferation in the intestinal lining and potentially other parts of the body. This discovery opens up new avenues for targeting cancer stem cells or inducing desired tissue growth through targeted drug delivery.
A new method for 3D printing lithium-ion batteries has been developed, overcoming the limitation of commercially available battery shapes. The researchers increased the battery's ionic conductivity by infusing polymers with an electrolyte solution and boosting electrical conductivity using graphene or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
A study found that over a quarter of healthy six-year-old children have metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance and waist circumference were stronger markers than body mass index.
A University of Sydney research team found that Angkor's massive population fall was caused by external climate stress and overloaded infrastructure. The study highlights the importance of building resilience into modern urban networks to mitigate catastrophic failures.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have discovered that sperm retain epigenetic marks important for the development of the germ line in offspring. This study provides evidence that the life experience of a father can affect the health of his descendants, highlighting the importance of epigenetic information carried by sperm.
Researchers used genetic and survey data from over 210,000 participants to identify correlations between known and novel skin cancer risk factors. Combining multiple factors improved predictive accuracy for skin cancer risk, particularly when including a genetic risk score.
A survey-based study of 21,889 adults found that severe childhood physical abuse and frequent intimate partner violence exposure increased the risk of arthritis. The study suggests potentially enduring immune and metabolic abnormalities caused by childhood abuse may play a role in the development of arthritis.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that bone cells adapt to mechanical forces by releasing energy-rich ATP and repairing damaged membranes. The researchers found that membrane injury causes ATP release, but rapid membrane repair controlled by calcium- and PKC-dependent vesicles limits the total amount of ATP spilled.
Two projects have analyzed 5,000 disease-associated genes and found unanticipated risk variants in 14.5% of adults and 11.3% of infants, leading to discoveries of previously unrecognized genetic conditions.
A team led by Dr Farzana Meru of the University of Warwick has developed a way to detect planet migration in protoplanetary discs using ALMA observations. By analyzing the particle size in two dust rings, astronomers can determine if a planet is migrating within the disc.
Researchers found that replacing coal-fired powerplants with clean energy could save an estimated annual 15 million years of life in China and 11 million years of life in India. The study used state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry modeling to calculate province-specific changes in mortality and life expectancy due to power generation.