A machine learning approach developed for Mars feature mapping has been adapted to assess the effect of treatments on tumors. The technique provides a four-fold increase in precision and enables researchers to present findings with confidence.
Tropical Cyclone Fakir is experiencing severe vertical wind shear, causing it to deteriorate rapidly. The system is expected to dissipate by April 26 due to unfavorable environmental conditions.
A Baylor University study found that employees who believe they are more ethical than coworkers experience negative emotions, which can lead to mistreatment and exclusion of those workers. The research highlights the importance of considering ethics and performance when rewarding employees.
A new genetic analysis reveals that two male whales fathered over half of the calves born since 1990, indicating inbreeding in the Southern Resident killer whale population. The limited breeding number reduces the population's resilience to change, potentially compromising individual animals' survival.
Researchers aim to determine when the pause in transcription first appeared in evolution by studying various organisms and plant life. They hope this investigation will help narrow down the origin of the pause, shedding light on how complicated life arose on Earth.
Researchers analyzed data on intimate partner homicide in North Carolina between 2004-2013. They found that guns were the primary weapon in 7 out of 10 cases, leading to an average of 50% more deaths compared to similar crimes committed with other weapons.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a tunable infrared filter made from graphene, allowing soldiers to change the frequency of a filter simply by controlled mechanical deformation. This breakthrough enables real-time chemical detection and identification, overcoming limitations of conventional filters.
The fifth Act 54 five-year report assesses the impact of long-wall, room-and-pillar, and retreat mining methods on surface structures and water resources. The study provides vital information for environmental remediation and restoration efforts in Pennsylvania.
Researchers found improved measures of cardiovascular health, beneficial changes in fat tissue, and reduced risk of diabetes in obese women with PCOS who used a hot tub regularly. Heat therapy may reverse some of the inflammation in fat that causes metabolic health impairment.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that over a quarter of young people seeking treatment had a history of at least one overdose. Factors associated with increased overdose risk included alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamine use, as well as psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety disorders.
Average winter wave heights have increased by more than 10mm/year along Scotland and Ireland's coastlines, leading to higher wave heights during extreme weather conditions. The study's findings are crucial for predicting future wave heights and protecting coastal communities across Western Europe.
Salk Institute researchers have generated aggressive glioblastoma multiforme tumors in human cerebral organoids using CRISPR-Cas9 tool. The new model could be used to study tumor progression, investigate new drugs or personalize treatments for patients.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have discovered how flavins work with oxygen to activate enzyme cofactors, shedding light on their role in metabolic processes and biotechnological applications.
A study published in Psychological Science found that imagining a positive outcome for an upcoming event can color one's memory of the event, leading to a rosier reflection. Participants who imagined scenarios in a positive light also rated actual events more positively, suggesting that optimism can transfer to a more positive recall.
Researchers at Utah State University studied the physics behind a unique underwater phenomenon resembling the Matryoshka doll. They developed a new dimensionless number, the Matryoshka number, which predicts the formation of nested cavities under certain conditions.
Research by Dr Heather Ford and colleagues found that female scientists are at a disadvantage in presenting their research, particularly in early career stages, where men dominate senior roles. The study calls for increased opportunities for students and early-career researchers to present at conferences.
A new study by Georgia Tech and Georgia Aquarium explores the diverse community of marine microorganisms living in the aquarium's water, revealing dynamic changes over time. The research aims to improve our understanding of these tiny organisms and their impact on aquatic ecosystems.
The ATS Foundation and ResMed have partnered on a new two-year research fellowship to study sleep apnea and positive airway pressure. This funding will support future leaders in the sleep field and help patients with sleep apnea, a public health crisis that affects millions worldwide.
Researchers have created a wide-bandgap semiconductor called gallium oxide (Ga2O3) that can be engineered into nanometer-scale structures to facilitate high-speed electronics. The new material has demonstrated record mobilities and quantum transport properties.
NASA is studying four potential flagship missions to explore the universe, including direct imaging of Earth-like planets and investigation of first black holes. The agency will use advanced tools to overcome technical challenges and achieve unprecedented picometer-level stability.
According to a nationwide analysis, approximately 2.6 million American children and adolescents had diagnosed anxiety and/or depression in 2011-12. This represents about 5.3% of the population, with current anxiety or depression affecting around 65,000 parents about their children aged six to 17 years.
Researchers in China have engineered a Chinese shrub to produce high levels of artemisinin, a potent antimalarial compound. The study's findings provide new insights into the metabolic pathway involved in artemisinin biosynthesis and offer a potential solution to address global malaria-related deaths.
Researchers found that adults on the autism spectrum have increased use of primary care, mental health services, and laboratory services, but lower use of gynecology visits and cervical cancer screening. The study highlights the importance of considering autism throughout the lifespan and emphasizes the need for better access to afford...
Guus Rijnders has been awarded the Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics for his pioneering research on pulsed laser deposition and its applications in interface engineering. His work focuses on creating complex materials with novel functionalities, including brain-inspired electronics and sensors.
Children born to youngest and oldest mothers have higher rates of developmental vulnerabilities at age 5. Socio-economic factors explain at least half the increased risk, with 40% of children born to mothers aged 15 years or younger being developmentally vulnerable.
The study found that five to nine orphan medicines were available in ten European countries, while all ten medicines were only accessible in three countries: the Netherlands, Malta, and Poland. The availability of these medicines varied significantly across different countries.
An international team found a fundamental law regulating galaxy cluster growth using gravitational lensing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and Subaru Telescope. The law indicates that clusters are still growing by drawing surrounding substances with their strong gravity.
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed a new approach to noninvasively measure tendon tension while a person is engaging in activities like walking or running. The technology uses vibrational characteristics to assess tendon force, providing insights into motor control and mechanics of human movement.
Researchers have developed a real-time thermal imaging method to guide minimally invasive brain tumor treatments. This technology enables doctors to precisely deliver the right dose to the right location, reducing risks and costs associated with follow-up imaging studies.
Researchers use DNA-PAINT technique to visualize individual strands in DNA origami nanostructures, revealing the robustness of assembly and incorporation efficiency of staple strands. The results show that variations in structure formation speed have little influence on overall quality, but some sites remain unoccupied.
A randomized clinical trial found that combining aspirin with ticagrelor improved patency of grafted saphenous veins in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. This reduces the risk of vein graft failure and associated worse long-term outcomes.
A new study suggests that galaxies similar to the Milky Way should host multiple supermassive black holes, as predicted by a state-of-the-art cosmological simulation. The wanderings of these black holes are unlikely to affect our solar system due to their vast distances and low accretion rates.
A new study implicates a role for light-induced electrical activity in controlling chemical codes in the brain, potentially leading to chemical imbalances underlying mental illness. The researchers found that manipulating brain electrical activity prevented neurotransmitter switching associated with anxious and depressed behavior.
A new study published in Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions reveals the mechanism by which antibiotics kasugamycin and blasticidin S kill fire blight bacteria in apple and pear trees. The researchers found that the antibiotics target a critical gene, ksgA, leading to bacterial death.
Researchers from ITMO University have discovered a new mechanism for neutron star radio emission, based on the transitions of particles between gravitational states. This phenomenon is similar to laser amplification and was first observed in electrons on the surface of neutron stars, consistent with real experimental observations.
Research led by Dr. Soren Brothers found that Lake Superior absorbs atmospheric CO2 from May to October, but expels it during winter due to El Niño events and climate change. The study, published in Limnology and Oceanography, suggests a potential marine-atmospheric feedback loop with global warming.
The pin mold fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus uses a gene from bacteria to create large gravity-sensing crystals that help it grow upright. Genetic analysis reveals the role of horizontal gene transfer in acquiring this unique trait, providing insights into the evolution of adaptation.
Researchers found patients in the Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) to be up to eight times more likely to die than real-world patients. The study's patient population was also older and sicker, with an average age of 67 at diagnosis.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have developed an artificial leaf that can produce chemicals using sunlight, increasing efficiency by 20%. The 'mini-factory' uses a clever feedback system costing less than 50 euros to automatically adjust production levels.
A novel technique called radiation segmentectomy (RS) uses yttrium-90 to destroy tumors while sparing surrounding tissue. The procedure has shown positive response in 71% of patients and improved survival outcomes, with a median overall survival of 6.7 years.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati discovered a potential new target to enhance T cell infiltration in solid tumors. Targeting the KCa3.1 potassium channel can restore CD8+ T cell migration, suggesting a new therapy option for solid tumor treatment.
Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that frequent soccer ball heading is associated with poorer performance on psychomotor speed and attention tasks. Players who headed the ball more frequently showed subtle reductions in neuropsychological function, which may lead to microstructural changes in the brain.
The UNC-Chapel Hill-led Clinical and Translational Science Award Program will broaden its reach across North Carolina by continuing its alliance with RTI International and NC A&T State University and adding a formal partnership with North Carolina State University. The grant will support the advancement of clinical and translational re...
A landmark study found that IBS patients who learned to control severe GI symptoms at home saw significant improvement, comparable to those treated with multiple clinic visits. The home-based behavioral treatment approach provided sustained relief for up to six months, overcoming a common barrier in rural healthcare.
A study found that only one in seven high-risk women take tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention, with social class, education, and ethnicity not affecting uptake. Women chose not to start taking the drug due to fears about its impact on their family and health.
A study by King's College London found that lonely 18-year-olds are more likely to experience mental health issues and be out of work. The research highlights the importance of early intervention to prevent loneliness from affecting young adults' lives.
A Vanderbilt team has deciphered the key to infecting entire mosquito populations with virus-killing Wolbachia bacteria. By hijacking insect reproductive systems, Wolbachia spreads rapidly, reducing risk of dengue and Zika virus transmission.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that traditionally high-status Americans, particularly whites and Christians, voted for Donald Trump due to fears of losing their privileged status in America and the world. The researchers debunked the idea that voters were driven by economic grievances...
A team of City College-bred fruit flies and parasitic wasps are part of an International Space Station experiment to understand how the human immune system reacts to spaceflight conditions. The goal is to inform astronauts on potential infections during long-duration missions.
Drought regions in Europe could expand from 13% to 26% of total area with a 3-degree global warming, affecting up to 400 million people. A 1.5-degree warming limit would reduce expansion to 19%, while drought durations would increase three to four times.
A randomized trial in Norway found that sigmoidoscopy screening reduced CRC incidence and mortality in men, but had little or no effect in women. Current guidelines recommending flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for women may need to be reconsidered. The effectiveness of screening in reducing colon cancer risk for women remains uncertain.
A new study from McGill University found that southern US states with high gun ownership rates have the highest rates of white firearm suicide, while Midwestern states have the highest rates of black firearm homicide. The research suggests that different factors influence rates of firearm homicide for black and white men across states.
The project seeks to understand the evolution and organization of life by sequencing and functionally annotating the genomes of 1.5 million eukaryotic species, including plants, animals, fungi, and single-cell organisms. This initiative aims to reveal unknown species and provide a freely available resource for scientific discovery.
The Earth BioGenome Project is a 10-year scientific grand challenge to document life on Earth. The project's challenges include international coordination and governance, economic benefits, and biodiversity conservation.
Recalling traumatic memories enhances the rewarding effects of morphine in male rats, increasing freezing fear response and preference for morphine. Dopamine receptors D1R and D4R play a role in this effect, suggesting abnormal dopamine signals may underlie PTSD addiction.
Researchers have discovered a new form of DNA, called the i-motif, which forms in the nuclei of human cells. The i-motif is a four-stranded 'knot' that plays a crucial role in gene expression and cell life cycle.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center created tissue-engineered models of metastatic cancer that reflect the microenvironment around tumors. The models, which mimic liver and lung tissues, closely replicate human metastasis characteristics, including 'signet ring cells' linked to poor prognosis.
Researchers have created nanoparticles that can convert near-infrared light into visible light, potentially increasing the efficiency of solar cells. The particles are coated with organic dyes that act as antennas to gather and reemit light, raising the possibility of capturing a broader spectrum of sunlight.
An independent analysis of aggregated occurrence records found that ALA and GBIF data processing leads to significant data loss and unjustified changes in scientific names. The audit revealed up to 1 in 5 records were altered due to aggregator errors, with major disagreements on names between aggregators also reported.
Researchers found genetic adaptation for low UV exposure in North and East Asian populations, linked to increased sweat gland density and mammary ductal branching. The EDAR V370A variant may have selected for improved vitamin D biosynthesis through breast milk, enhancing offspring nutrition.