A study found that individuals with a DCC gene mutation had reduced connectivity between brain regions involved in reward processing, leading to less impulsive behavior and lower cigarette smoking. The researchers also observed decreased volume in the striatum, a brain region critical for motivation and pleasure.
Scientists analyzed newly resurrected data from Galileo's first flyby of Ganymede, revealing a stormy scene with particles blasted off the moon's icy surface due to incoming plasma rain. The results may hold key insights into why Ganymede's auroras are so bright.
Researchers studying social defeat in broad-horned flour beetles may uncover insights into combat-induced PTSD. A UTA graduate student hopes her research could shed light on the molecular mechanisms behind changes in behavior, potentially leading to new treatments for post-traumatic stress disorders.
Portland State University has been awarded a $275,000 NSF grant to explore the cryptography-breaking power of quantum computers and develop new computer science courses. The project aims to broaden participation in computer science among high school students and teachers.
Aging nerves are damaged by immune cells that drive degeneration, but a new treatment blocks these cells, restoring nerve structure and muscle strength. Treatment with a cytokine receptor inhibitor reduced macrophage numbers and improved grip force in aging mice.
A new study from Columbia University uses an AI algorithm to analyze the full range of behaviors exhibited by the tiny pond-dwelling creature Hydra. By comparing its movements to neural firing patterns, researchers hope to gain insights into how its nervous system works.
Researchers recommend translocating Sumatran rhinos to breeding centers due to low population numbers and genetic diversity loss. Combining remaining rhinos can prevent genetic erosion and potentially save the species from extinction.
Ali Guermazi, the first radiologist to receive the award, has made significant contributions to identifying structural risk factors for osteoarthritis. His research and clinical trials have been published in top-tier journals and presented at international conferences.
Researchers at UChicago have developed a system of design principles for working with silicon to control biology using light. The team has demonstrated the ability to stimulate neurons, tissues, and limbs using this method, without the need for genetic modification or a power supply.
A new study reveals that US improvements in air quality are slowing down, making it challenging to meet ozone pollution goals. The slowdown is attributed to slower-than-expected reductions in emissions from industrial and commercial sources.
A recent study published in CMAJ found that patients who received home care visits from nurses were more likely to visit the emergency department during the evening on the same day. The likelihood of this occurrence was greater among people with non-urgent issues and those who had not been admitted to hospital.
ETH Zurich scientists have discovered two new materials that could advance the development of aluminum batteries: a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride material and a flexible polypyrene material for the positive electrode. These advancements aim to improve the energy storage capacity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of sustainabl...
Researchers estimate oil spill thickness/volume using satellite observations, enabling more accurate monitoring and response efforts. The study provides critical insights for assessing the impact of oil spills on marine and coastal resources.
Coral reef fish rely on acoustic cues for habitat selection and settlement. Research found that degraded reefs have reduced acoustic complexity, richness, and sound-pressure levels, making them less attractive to fish larvae and juvenile fish. This may limit future fish settlement and reduce reef resilience.
A study by Newcastle University found that vaping has the same beneficial gut bacteria as non-smokers, whereas smoking is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer and colitis. The research also discovered a decrease in beneficial Bacteroides bacteria in smokers.
Research from Binghamton University found that lonely individuals with low empathy levels are more likely to cheat and return items, while those with high empathy levels exhibit less immoral behavior. Increasing empathy in lonely people can lead to better moral decision making, but has no effect on non-lonely individuals.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a new peptide format called double-bridged peptides that can bind to any disease target with high affinity and stability. By creating an enormous diversity of peptide architectures, they were able to isolate high-affinity binders to important protein targets, including kallikrein and interleukin-17.
Researchers found that voters prefer 'agreeable' politicians who are perceived as trustworthy and cooperative, but these traits often hinder their success in office. In contrast, candidates with a competent appearance tend to perform better in elections.
Researchers at Caltech create eye implant inspired by butterfly wings' nanostructures, reducing measurement error and biofouling. The implant's surface flexes to measure intra-eye pressure, providing accurate readings regardless of angle.
A new project led by Clemson University's Ethan Kung aims to reduce human and animal testing for cardiovascular devices and surgeries. Kung's hybrid model combines numerical models with experimental ones, enabling more accurate predictions and faster development times.
Research reveals that young people with Conduct Disorder show lower amygdala responses to angry and sad faces, suggesting a possible link to emotion regulation difficulties. The study also found normal connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in those with psychopathic traits.
A study of 35,244 children in a mid-Atlantic state found that those with psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to receive psychotropic medications from birth through age 7. The study highlights the need for further research on the safety and outcomes of early psychotropic medication use in young populations.
A team of scientists, including Kansas State University's Saugata Datta, will explore lava caves in Northern California using a robotic vehicle called CaveR. The research aims to understand the conditions necessary for life on Mars by studying similar environments on Earth.
Research found that freshwater systems process excess carbon and nitrogen through photosynthesis and burying phosphorus, reducing ocean pollution. The effectiveness of these processes depends on water residence time in rivers and lakes.
A new study reveals that workplace flexibility bias, which assumes employees with family responsibilities are less devoted to their jobs, negatively impacts all workers, including men without children. Employees who feel penalized for taking time off experience lower work satisfaction and are more likely to leave their jobs.
Research at the University of Hawaii at Manoa found a strong connection between sea surface temperature patterns and increased cyclone activity in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Dominant equatorial easterly winds caused cyclonic circulation, favoring storm formation and intensification.
The study found that the Tsimshian population's genetic diversity recovered after a collapse, with intermarriage increasing genetic diversity in some individuals. This contradicts previous notions of Native American populations expanding until European colonization.
A recent study found that farming fish can help feed the future global population while substantially reducing land use impacts of meat production. Replacing terrestrial livestock production with aquaculture could spare up to 747 million land hectares globally, an area twice the size of India.
A study published in the American Heart Association's Circulation Journal found that following five healthy habits can significantly improve longevity for both men and women. The research analyzed data from thousands of adults and estimated that maintaining these habits could add over a decade to life expectancy, with women seeing an i...
A study using ALMA found a surprising distribution of star-forming cores, with fewer massive stars and more solar-mass stars than expected. This discovery may require reevaluation of the relationship between core mass and star mass.
Taking a daily photo has complex benefits, including improved wellbeing through self-care, community interaction, and the potential for reminiscence. The practice also led to more exercise, a sense of purpose, and managing loneliness and grief.
Researchers have created a modeling framework that considers ecological dimensions driving bat migration patterns to forecast Ebola outbreaks. The tool analyzes spatially distributed random fluctuations of environmental parameters to understand how they impact bat migrations.
A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers found that only a small percentage of patients use nonopioid pain relievers to supplement opioid pain management after spine and joint surgery. Patients also improperly store and dispose of opioids.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that palliative care is associated with shorter hospital stays and lower costs, particularly for patients with complex conditions. The study showed a cost savings of $4,251 per patient with cancer and $2,105 for those with non-cancer diagnoses.
Researchers used electrochemical probes to record simultaneous sub-second fluctuations in dopamine and serotonin during active decision-making in a conscious human subject. Serotonin appears to temper excitement over positive outcomes while softening the potential disappointment of negative outcomes.
A study found that using a centralized infectious disease support program decreased overall antibiotic use and the overuse of broad-spectrum drugs in smaller hospitals. Program 3, which included a pharmacy-based initiative and expert consultation via hotline, saw a significant reduction in antibiotic use compared to baseline data.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that only 20% of Medicare patients with end-stage renal disease used hospice, and those who did were more likely to have short stays. This can limit access to palliative care services and increase costs.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that adults living closer to farms had lower rates of allergic sensitization, with proximity to pigs and cattle being particularly significant. Long-term exposure to farm environments was also associated with reduced allergy risk.
Researchers at University of Illinois & Tokyo developed innovative 'flip-chip' technique to create layered TI/SC samples. Measurements revealed proximity effect induces superconductivity in both bulk and surface states, with surprising dependence on film thickness and temperature.
A new analysis of the 2013 Douglas Complex fire reveals that young plantation forests experienced higher severity fires than nearby public forests. Daily weather was the most significant driver, but ownership, forest age, and topography also played critical roles.
A study by UCSF and Mayo Clinic found that automated breast-density evaluation is as accurate as subjective evaluation done by radiologists in predicting breast cancer risk. Women with dense breasts are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancers.
Researchers connected microscopic theories to the world's largest granular material, a glacial ice mélange, to understand its dynamics and impact on glaciers. The study provides quantitative tools for glaciologists modeling ice shelves with ice mélanges.
Researchers found that reef fish inherit epigenetic changes from their parents, enabling them to cope with warmer ocean temperatures. This adaptation may provide a buffer against the impacts of climate change and allow for genetic adaptation over time.
Chronic dizziness can be a symptom of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, with up to 15% of patients affected. A whole-person approach addressing both mental and physical health is crucial in diagnosis and treatment.
A study by the American College of Cardiology found that women are underrepresented in cardiovascular trials, with proportions ranging from 22-81% compared to disease populations. Researchers emphasize the need for better representation to determine potential gender differences in treatment responses.
Researchers created a biomimetic surface that simulates antigen-presenting cell features and found that precise ligand spacing is crucial for T-cell triggering. The study sheds light on the role of CD45 exclusion in receptor activation, offering new insights into T-cell stimulation.
A new study found that smoking and alcohol consumption significantly increase the lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation, with risk factors at age 55 rising to 38%. An optimal risk factor profile was associated with a reduced lifetime risk of 23%, highlighting the importance of modifiable borderline and elevated risk factors in prevention.
A new NYU Steinhardt School study reveals that providing free children's books in low-income neighborhoods combined with supportive adults enhances literacy skills and learning opportunities. The innovative book distribution program, funded by JetBlue, distributed over 64,000 books to more than 26,000 unique users.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered that superhydrophobic materials can boil water efficiently when air and vapor are removed from the system. This breakthrough enables highly effective boiling, allowing for improved cooling of high-power electronics and enhancing thermal management technologies.
A new dynamic model proposes a seasonal control strategy with ceria particles to buffer the effect of solar radiation variation, enabling continuous hydrogen production. The system can store and release heat as needed, maximizing solar energy utilization and potentially increasing efficiency.
Climate change will increase fire activity and summer droughts in the Klamath region, allowing shrubs to replace trees. As a result, at least 1/3 of iconic cone-bearing trees are expected to be replaced by shrubs over the coming century.
The Scripps Translational Science Institute has received a renewed $34 million funding from the National Institutes of Health to advance individualized medicine through genomic and digital technologies. The institute will form partnerships with other institutions to improve translational research and train future leaders in biomedicine.
A Dartmouth-led research study found that New Hampshire's streams will warm due to climate change, impacting species dependent on cold water. The study suggests that watersheds with colder temperatures and less sensitivity to air temperature changes should be prioritized for conservation.
At 43% vaccine coverage, a low-efficacy vaccine (20% effective) could avert over 20 million infections, 61,000 deaths, and 2.2 million lost DALYs in the US. The optimal strategy involves targeting elderly populations as efficacy decreases.
The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration aims to improve understanding of global sea-level rise by studying the glacier's past behavior. By analyzing sediment cores and geophysical data, scientists can better predict ice melt and sea-level rise in the future.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Broad Institute identified five genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which can help predict individual patient outcomes and guide personalized treatment. The analysis revealed clear links between specific genetic signatures and how patients respond to standard treatment.
A team of Yale University scientists has developed a new approach to glycosylation that is remarkably simple and works in water at room temperature. This process can be generalized to create large numbers of different compounds, making it easier to find the best biochemical probes and therapeutics.
A new review paper highlights the global scope of the underwater munitions problem, with over a million tons of intact and corroding munitions littering the Baltic and North Seas. The chemicals released from these munitions pose significant risks to marine ecosystems, including carcinogenic and cyto- and genotoxic effects.
Dr. S. Thomas Carmichael, a UCLA neuroscientist, received the 2018 Bernard Sanberg Memorial Award for Brain Repair from ASNTR for his career-long work in stroke recovery mechanisms. His research has shown that the adult brain can form new connections after stroke and may be critical for plasticity in the recovering brain.
Research found that higher aerobic fitness levels are directly related to lower incidence of 'tip-of-the-tongue' states, a common language failure in older adults. Regular exercise was shown to improve language skills and reduce negative consequences for older adults.
The prototype manganese-hydrogen battery can generate 20 milliwatt hours of electricity and is expected to cost $100 per kilowatt hour. The researchers aim to create an industrial-grade system that can store up to 10,000 times, making it suitable for grid-scale energy storage.
Researchers at NYU and NYU Abu Dhabi will deploy sophisticated equipment to gather data on the Thwaites Glacier's collapse, which could lead to a 10-foot-rise in sea levels. The project aims to provide robust projections of sea level change over the present century.
A UMD researcher has discovered mechanisms dictating germline stem cell development and epigenetic markers associated with diseases such as cancers, viral infections, and male infertility. These findings provide insight into treatments for these conditions and unlock future animal and human health research.
The Thwaites glacier, part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is under study due to its potential impact on sea levels. Researchers will use radar and seismic sensing to investigate the glacier's response over decades and centuries.
Researchers at UCR have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the molecular mechanism of huanglongbing, a devastating citrus disease that costs billions worldwide. The team discovered that a bacterial protein called SDE1 helps infect plants by attacking specific proteases that could help trees resist infection.
A new study found that curiosity is a significant factor in determining academic achievement, with curious children performing similarly to their higher-income peers. This research has implications for families, educators, and policymakers looking to address the achievement gap.
Researchers evaluated aquaculture feed and land use requirements in a simulation-based study, finding that future aquaculture production needs to be four times higher than current levels. An aquaculture-dominant diet reduces feed-crop requirements and land use compared to meat-based agriculture.
A study of 89 women with epilepsy and 108 without found that women with epilepsy had a similar likelihood of becoming pregnant, achieving live births, and experiencing low miscarriage rates. The research suggests that biological and social factors may contribute to previous findings of lower birth rates among women with epilepsy.
Mandatory public reporting in Massachusetts leads to better patient outcomes due to salutary effects and stricter quality control. However, the role of risk aversion remains inconclusive.
A new study from Oregon State University found that people living closer to fracking sites are more familiar with and supportive of hydraulic fracturing. The researchers used geo-spatial mapping and survey results to determine residents' proximity to fracking sites and their public opinion on the practice.
Researchers discovered changes in tiny blood vessels linked to cognitive symptoms in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). The study may lead to tailored therapies by pinpointing specific types of TBIs.
Researchers at ASRC have developed nanomaterials with the ability to mimic some behaviors normally associated with living matter. The materials can be directed to conduct electrical signals and exhibit dynamic properties, such as self-assembling and disassembling in response to chemical signals.
Researchers tracked Egyptian vultures along the Red Sea Flyway, revealing key migratory bird corridors and bottlenecks. The study highlights a major research gap in conservation efforts for this endangered species.
Researchers found that phytoplankton in Arctic coastal waters are resilient to ocean acidification and temperature changes, with some species producing spores that can survive and initiate blooms. This adaptation allows them to thrive in highly variable conditions, providing a vital ecosystem service for Arctic food webs.
A new paper by Arman Grigoryan attributes Armenia's stalled democratization to the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict and subsequent political processes. The conflict undermined liberal aspirations and empowered a military establishment, leading to the failure of Armenia's transition.
A new study published in Arthritis Care & Research reveals that severe obesity is linked to faster progression of disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Intentional weight loss may help prevent worsening disability, but unintentional weight loss can be a poor prognostic sign.
Researchers at UC Berkeley are developing a technology to read and write neural activity, enabling them to stimulate specific sets of neurons to simulate sensory experiences. The goal is to replace lost sensations after peripheral nerve damage or control prosthetic limbs, with potential applications in treating neurological disorders.
A study found that starting tackle football before age 12 can lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavior, and mood symptoms in athletes diagnosed with CTE. The average onset was 13 years earlier than expected. Participants were compared to those who started playing later.
Health insurance coverage gains were associated with all major racial groups following the Affordable Care Act, eliminating disparities between whites and Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. The study highlights the importance of addressing coverage gaps for diverse populations.
A newly discovered water beetle was given the name Grouvellinus leonardodicaprioi in honor of Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental work. The beetle was found by citizen scientists during a Taxon Expedition in Malaysian Borneo, with the expedition marking the 20th anniversary of DiCaprio's foundation.
A new study suggests that ISIL activity was not funded by oil as previously thought. The research used remote sensing technology to estimate oil production in areas controlled by the group, finding that production quickly fell after expansion.
A large UK cohort study found that eating oily fish and legumes was associated with a later onset of menopause, while consuming refined pasta and rice was linked to an earlier start. The study's findings could have implications for women's health and wellbeing.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured images of Tropical Cyclone Flamboyan, revealing northwesterly wind shear pushing the storm southeast. The coldest cloud tops were highest in the atmosphere, indicating strong storms capable of producing heavy rainfall.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have identified a new molecular mechanism explaining the link between obesity and increased risk of colon inflammation, a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. Inhibiting an enzyme called soluble epoxide hydrolase may abolish this risk, suggesting a potential treatment for obesity-induced colonic inflamm...
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory uncover how membrane proteins organize three enzymes involved in building lignin, a crucial cell-wall component. The discovery sheds light on the metabolic pathway channeling carbon into lignin precursors, potentially leading to new ways to promote carbon storage or biofuel production.
Researchers at the University of Michigan are developing a pill that makes tumors light up when exposed to infrared light, offering a potential alternative to mammograms. The pill uses a dye that responds to infrared light to tag tumor cells, allowing physicians to better distinguish malignant from benign tumors.
MIT researchers have developed a new MRI sensor that can detect direct signals of neural activity by tracking calcium ions, allowing for more precise mapping of brain function. The sensor can detect subtle changes in calcium concentrations outside of cells and respond in a way that can be detected with MRI.
A team of researchers at MIT analyzed four different solar cell technologies and found that the most efficient but expensive panels were the best option for residential systems in dry locations. However, for utility-scale installations or in wetter climates, less efficient but cheaper panels are more economical.
A study of recent geomagnetic excursion events found no resemblance between current changes and past reversals, suggesting recovery without extreme event. The research implies the weakened magnetic field will recover, making a reversal unlikely.
A clinical trial found that women with advanced triple-negative breast cancer and BRCA gene faults have better responses to carboplatin, a less toxic alternative to standard treatment docetaxel. The study suggests that genetic testing can guide treatment for this patient group, offering new hope for those with limited treatment options.
Researchers at University of Illinois found geological signs pointing to catastrophic supervolcano eruptions would be detectable hundreds to thousands of years before an eruption. The study suggests that people need not panic, as the precursors to massive eruptions will be long-lasting and far greater than recent seismic activity.
Two new studies will investigate strategies to improve care and outcomes for expectant and new mothers with opioid use disorder. The studies aim to identify the most effective ways to provide optimal care, improving birth outcomes and infant health.
Biochemists and molecular biologists use a new method to label m6A modifications in mRNA, allowing for precise detection using Next Generation Sequencing. The approach enables researchers to analyze the role of m6A modifications in physiological and pathological processes.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) reduced uninsured rates among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs), narrowing disparities with whites.
Researchers challenged the existing understanding of star formation by observing a distant molecular cloud, W43-MM1, with ALMA. Contrary to previous findings, they discovered an overabundance of massive cores and underrepresentation of less massive cores.
Physicists from TU Dresden and JMU developed a novel approach to measure optical near-fields with significantly less effort. By using biomolecules as a transport system, they can slide extremely small optical nano-probes over a surface, circumventing the diffraction limit.
A diet rich in fish and legumes is associated with a delay of over 3 years in natural menopause, while a high intake of refined carbs like pasta and rice speeds up the process. The study also found that vegetarians and those who eat more fruits and poultry may experience later menopause.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that women with epilepsy have the same fertility rates as those without, contradicting previous myths. The study of 89 women with epilepsy and 108 without found similar rates of pregnancy, miscarriages, and live births.
A researcher at University of Houston is developing a customized motivational interviewing intervention to improve medication adherence among elderly patients with diabetes and high blood pressure. The three-year grant aims to identify barriers to adherence and develop tailored approaches to address them.
A world-first study synthesizes globalization effects on people and planet, revealing increased child labor, environmental degradation, and inequality in developing countries. The research highlights the displacement of wealth-driven consumption into offshore production, compromising the achievements of Sustainable Development Goals.
Researchers at Harvard have discovered a new phenomenon in quantum cascade laser frequency combs, enabling devices to act as integrated transmitters or receivers for efficient information encoding. This breakthrough has the potential to increase Wi-Fi capacity and pave the way for faster data transfer rates.
Researchers found that valproic acid, an antiepileptic drug, can cause birth defects in frog embryos by interfering with glutamate signaling. The study suggests that new epilepsy medications could be developed to be safer for pregnant women.
Researchers found symbolic objects in Hayonim Cave, Israel, characterized by repetitive notches on scapulae and a hyoid of gazelle, suggesting cultural identification of the Levantine Aurignacian culture. The findings provide insights into the origins and spread of this ancient culture.
Researchers found that malaria-carrying parasites, particularly Plasmodium, are more widespread due to their ability to infect multiple bird species. The study's findings suggest that geography and host evolutionary relationships play significant roles in shaping parasite diversity and distribution patterns.
Researchers have identified a therapeutic RNA molecule that corrects the genetic processing error causing familial dysautonomia by enabling human and mouse cells to produce normal levels of IKAP protein. The discovery provides proof of concept for potentially treating this rare disorder.
Researchers developed a global model of the geomagnetic field between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago, revealing that the current field does not resemble past excursions. The study suggests that future reversals or excursions cannot be predicted by analyzing present-day field structures.
A new study presents the world's first series of robot-assisted tracheobronchoplasty, a minimally invasive procedure that expands treatment options for patients with tracheobronchomalacia. The results show significant improvement in pulmonary function tests and patient satisfaction, with low morbidity and mortality rates.
Early intervention after completed clinical staging leads to increased survival rates in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Surgery within eight weeks from diagnosis significantly improves overall survival.
Scientists have discovered key steps in how bacteria eat antibiotics, transforming them into food. The findings could lead to new ways to eliminate antibiotics from land and water, slowing the spread of drug resistance. Researchers may engineer bacteria like E. coli to clean up contaminated soil and water.
A recent study found that less than 2% of pages in leading biology, chemistry, and physics textbooks discuss climate change. The research team analyzed over 15,000 combined pages from current editions of 16 undergraduate textbooks published between 2013 and 2015, concluding that there is a significant lack of emphasis on renewable ener...
Automated BI-RADS breast density measures have similar predictive ability to clinical assessments, but may be more reproducible and suitable for identifying women at high risk of interval cancer. Hospital readmissions within the first week are more likely preventable than those occurring later, suggesting a shift in accountability model.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered exceptional points in a unique material, enabling continuous tuning of light and matter coupling. This breakthrough may lead to novel quantum technologies like advanced information storage and one-dimensional lasers.
Researchers have developed a new way to introduce molecules and therapeutic genes into human cells using ultrafast compression, which can improve cell transfection efficiency. The technique involves compressing cells in microfluidic devices, causing them to take up surrounding fluid and macromolecules.
University of Rochester researchers have developed a new live equine influenza vaccine that is safe and more protective than existing vaccines. The vaccine targets the H3N8 strain currently circulating in North America and Europe, and was shown to protect horses against the virus in a small study.
Researchers found that adopting five low-risk lifestyle factors—eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding smoking—can add up to 14 years of life for women and 12 years for men. This translates to a 74% lower risk of early death compared to those who didn
Researchers found that damselfly genes strongly responded to environmental changes as they moved towards the northern edge of their range. The study suggests that the blue-tailed damselfly has a wealth of evolutionary strategies available to help it adapt to a changing climate.
Recent studies by Case Western Reserve University's Anant Madabhushi show that his diagnostic imaging lab's 'deep learning' computers can accurately diagnose heart failure and detect various cancers. The machines offer valuable tools for pathologists and radiologists, helping them become more efficient in their work.
A study of 40 healthy male participants found that those raised in urban areas without pets exhibited heightened immune activation and inflammation after psychosocial stress. This suggests a potential link between urban upbringing and increased vulnerability to stress-associated physical and mental disorders.
Researchers discovered a new resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii that blocks the critical antibiotic colistin. The mechanism involves disruption of the hns gene by an insertion sequence element, leading to increased expression of genes that boost colistin resistance.
Researchers found a 76% slowdown in nitrogen oxide emissions reduction from 2005 to 2015, contradicting EPA predictions of a 16% decrease. The discrepancy was largely due to increased industrial and off-road vehicle emissions while on-road gasoline vehicles declined.
A Norwegian university research programme has increased the proportion of doctors who pursue a PhD tenfold and those aspiring to an academic career. The programme provides a specialized track for medical students, giving them a head start as active researchers.
A dolutegravir-based regimen is likely to increase life expectancy by nearly three years and reduce new HIV infections by 23 percent in India. This could be achieved without increasing the country's HIV/AIDS budget.
New research suggests that reducing food product portion sizes can recalibrate perceptions of normal food intake, leading to decreased consumption. The study found that participants who were served smaller portions chose to eat less in future experiments.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Board has approved $74 million in funding for nine new comparative clinical effectiveness research studies. These studies will investigate various conditions that impose significant burdens on patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system.
A new study published in PNAS found that children raised in rural environments with animals have more stress-resilient immune systems and lower risk of mental illness than pet-free city dwellers. The research supports the 'hygiene hypothesis,' which posits that overly sterile environments can breed health problems.
The Australian Mountain Ash ecosystem experienced significant declines in tree populations and animal biodiversity following logging and fire events. Prolonged periods of decline and slow recovery were also observed after disturbance events.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center used mathematical modeling to show that adaptive drug treatments based on tumor responses are more effective than maximum-tolerated dose approaches. The approach can be tailored to specific tumor types, such as melanoma and breast cancer, and may lead to better patient outcomes.
A study on genetically diverse worms reveals that a small protein called FLP-18 controls the length of their backward movement, which increases the likelihood of changing direction to navigate towards food. This mechanism may help the worm explore a larger area during periods of extreme hunger.
In a study published in Animal Behaviour, researchers found that male brown widow spiders prefer to mate with older, less-fertile females who are more likely to cannibalize them after sex. This surprising preference for older females suggests that males may be making decisions based on factors other than fertility.
Scientists from GFZ and universities reconstructed past changes in Earth's magnetic field using paleomagnetic data. They found that the South Atlantic Anomaly is unlikely to be a precursor of a pole reversal, as it was followed by increased field strength and disappearance of similar anomalies in the past.
Researchers found degraded coral reefs are quieter than five years ago, with 40% fewer juvenile fishes attracted compared to healthy reefs. The loss of reef sounds could have devastating consequences for reefs, as fish play critical roles in maintaining their health.
The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration aims to understand the likelihood, timing, and magnitude of glacier collapse. The collaboration will deploy scientists with advanced equipment to measure ice-volume or ice-mass change in the region.
Researchers identified a subset of healthier T cells, marked by CD8 and CD27 expression, that correlate with clinical responses in CLL patients. The findings suggest a new patient-selection tool for CAR T cell therapy and potential improvements through emerging cell manufacturing techniques.
Researchers have identified FoxM1 as a potential target for treating pulmonary hypertension, a severe lung disease with a 50% five-year survival rate. Deleting the FoxM1 gene in mice resulted in thinner artery walls and improved right heart function.
Research suggests a link between moderate to severe mid-life anxiety and later life dementia, with potential benefits from non-pharmacological therapies such as mindfulness and meditation. The findings support previous evidence of mental illness being associated with dementia in older age.
A new study shows that farming fish can help meet the world's future protein demands while reducing land use, with potential savings of up to 747 million hectares globally. The research highlights the efficiency of aquatic animals in converting feed to biomass for human consumption.
Researchers have created a rat model that can be used to study the buildup of amyloid plaques and vascular abnormalities in the brain, two key traits of Alzheimer's disease. The model, which uses human APP and PS1 proteins, has shown poor memory and learning in rats, similar to those observed in humans suffering from Alzheimer's.
A new study reveals that the tobacco industry successfully manipulated UNICEF's focus on tobacco control for children, reducing its emphasis on a tobacco-free life. The agency was influenced by big tobacco's lobbying efforts, leading to less stringent measures against tobacco use among youth.