Three researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, Prasanna Balaprakash, Karen Mulfort, and Zhang Jiang, have earned the DOE's Early Career Research Program awards. They will receive funding to advance their research in machine learning, molecular interactions, and advanced materials imaging.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that health insurers have not done enough to combat the opioid epidemic. The researchers analyzed coverage policies for drugs to treat chronic lower-back pain and concluded that these policies missed opportunities to steer patients towards safer treatments.
A study found that Yellowstone wolves primarily hunt at dawn and dusk, allowing elk to access risky areas during nightly lulls. This challenges the idea that predators create a 'landscape of fear' in prey populations.
A new study from the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy found that concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use increases the risk of opioid-related overdose by five-fold compared to opioid-only use. The risk decreases after 180 days of concurrent use, but is still elevated compared to opioid-only use.
Assistant professor Ming Lee Tang at UC Riverside has received a $750,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to develop hybrid organic-inorganic nanocrystal-based materials for biomedical imaging and solar energy applications.
A team of physicists has measured a tiny time difference in the ejection of an electron from a molecule depending on its position. The researchers used attosecond laser pulses to study the photoelectric effect in carbon monoxide molecules, achieving precise measurements of the Wigner time delay and electron localization.
A new study from UT Southwestern researchers highlights the importance of diagnosing and treating stress urinary incontinence in men, who often wait years before seeking help. The study recommends a standing cough test as a routine part of male patients' physicals to accurately diagnose and treat this condition.
Rothamsted Research has launched a collaborative program, AgRIA, to accelerate innovation in the agricultural sector. The program aims to develop research ideas from agri-tech into new industries through short-leap projects, entrepreneurial studentships, and longer leap-of-faith projects.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) have developed a novel method to produce therapeutic proteins within two hours using human blood. The technique involves extracting cellular protein synthesis machinery from human blood and adding recombinant DNA to produce specific treatments.
A study led by NYU School of Medicine researchers found that mice genetically engineered to lack the gamma-CaMKII shuttle protein took twice as long to form a memory needed to complete a simple task. The team restored learning ability by re-inserting the human version of the shuttle protein into mice.
The study found that wildfire had a strong effect on the density of many bird species, with some reaching maximum densities after high-severity fires. The researchers also discovered complex patterns in species' responses to fire severity and time since burning, highlighting the dynamic nature of avian communities after fires.
Cystic fibrosis patients may benefit from a new lipid-based nanoparticle therapy that enables cells to produce the correct protein, allowing for improved respiratory function. The therapy has shown promise in treating all cystic fibrosis patients, regardless of their genetic mutation.
Researchers have identified a way to slow the spread of the flu virus by altering molecular interactions between the virus and host genes. Altering these interactions can stunt viral replication, according to new research published in Nature Communications.
Researchers developed a low-cost sensor made from semiconducting plastic that can measure critical metabolites in sweat, tears, saliva, or blood. The sensor offers higher sensitivity compared to traditional metal electrodes and can be easily modified to detect various metabolites.
A randomized, controlled trial found that administration of nitric oxide gas during and for 24 hours following heart surgery decreased the risk of acute and chronic kidney problems. Nitric oxide reduced the risk of acute kidney injury by 50% and chronic kidney disease by 21%.
Researchers used intravital correlative light-electron microscopy to visualize platelet production in vivo. They found that megakaryocytes form large protrusions rather than extruding fine proplatelet extensions, revising the understanding of fundamental biology of platelet formation.
A TGen-led study has identified significant gene expression patterns associated with obesity-related NASH inflammation and fibrosis. The researchers discovered 176 genes specific to fibrosis, revealing three cellular pathways and 16 previously associated genes.
Purdue researchers have developed methods to make batteries safer, which could be scaled up for larger batteries used in naval strategic systems. The project aims to incorporate these safety measures into lithium-sulfur technology, potentially increasing energy density and reducing overheating.
A new study from Ophelia Venturelli and her team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison uses dynamic modeling to predict gut microbiome behaviors, reducing the need for laborious lab experiments. The model also reveals a balance between positive and negative interactions between microbes.
A new study shows that people with schizophrenia are over-represented among those who die by suicide, particularly young people. Researchers emphasize the importance of assessing suicide risk in younger patients with schizophrenia, especially early in their illness.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University are developing a web-atlas of available wind and wave energy in the coastal zones of Russia's 13 seas. The project aims to improve the stability and reliability of renewable energy sources, providing insights for the design of hybrid power stations.
A special collection of papers published in PLOS Genetics explores the genetic basis of human facial formation, revealing advances in understanding facial development, birth defects, and normal facial variation. The research identifies numerous genes contributing to facial malformations and syndromes.
A new study suggests that different vector control strategies are needed depending on when Chikungunya cases are notified, with optimal response strategies varying between late spring/summer and fall/colder seasons. The research provides useful indications for public health authorities to respond to emerging mosquito-borne epidemics.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a novel biosensor that can detect metabolites like lactate with high efficiency. This device combines an electron transporting polymer with lactate oxidase to realize efficient electron transfer, promoting electrical communication between the sensing electrode and enzyme.
Researchers discovered that the mitochondria of gut-resident white blood cells have a different composition that reduces their energy production, keeping them in a controlled activated state. This knowledge can lead to new diagnostic markers and treatments for conditions like gut inflammations and infections.
Researchers found that female participants had stronger intestinal barriers and greater diversity of microbes, leading to a healthier environment. The study also showed that males were more sensitive to indomethacin disruption and demonstrated changes in stool microbial populations.
A team of scientists, led by Madalena Kozachuk, has recovered two previously hidden daguerreotype images from the National Gallery of Canada's photography research unit. The images, taken possibly as early as 1850, were damaged due to tarnish and other degradation, but were restored using synchrotron technology.
The researchers achieved a significant breakthrough in quantum computing by simulating a 64-qubit circuit using a novel partitioning scheme. This method reduces the computational complexity of quantum algorithms, enabling faster simulations and paving the way for future advancements in quantum machine learning and unsupervised learning.
A 1,200-year-old parchment fragment from the 'Admonter Abrogans' is being presented in a special exhibition at Admont Abbey, featuring high-resolution images and translations. The MEETeUX project aims to develop digital forms of exhibition design for accessible user experience, utilizing smartphones, touch screens, and virtual reality.
Women are largely underrepresented in clinical trials of heart failure medications, with limited evidence on their efficacy. Precision medicine may lead to more effective medications by incorporating sex-aware randomized clinical trials.
Scientists have observed superconducting vortices in an ordinary metal when it is brought into contact with a superconductor, demonstrating the existence of induced quantum coherence. This discovery enables a better understanding of the processes occurring at the interface between superconducting and normal phases.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have repurposed promising cancer chemotherapy drugs to target tuberculosis (TB), a deadly disease that kills four people every minute. The study found that these experimental drugs can reduce TB growth by 80% and also decrease inflammation and damage to the lungs.
Colorado State University chemists have synthesized a biorenewable, biodegradable polymer called bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or P3HB. The new chemical synthesis route produces P3HB with similar performance to bacterial P3HB but at a faster and more cost-effective scale.
A new study analyzed prescription drug coverage policies for treating chronic noncancer pain, finding opportunities for insurers to redesign coverage and improve pain management. The research highlights the need to expand access to opioid alternatives through coverage and reimbursement policies.
Distinguished Professor Terry Hughes has been honored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation for his climate change research on coral reefs. His work recognizes the influence of rapid climate change on world's coral reefs.
A tropical disturbance brought extremely heavy rainfall to southern Texas, resulting in record-breaking flood levels. Over 15 inches of rain fell in Hidalgo County, with IMERG estimates indicating 21 inches fell in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.
Researchers have developed new magnetic Janus particles for efficient oil-water separation. The particles separate micro-scaled oil droplets from water rapidly and efficiently, achieving high separation efficiency.
Scientists have discovered significant differences in gonad development between Steinernema carpocapsae and C. elegans, highlighting the diversity of neuronal anatomy across nematode species. This research has practical applications for commercializing biocontrol products and advancing our understanding of genetic processes.
The Department of Energy has selected 84 scientists to receive significant funding for research under its Early Career Research Program. The program provides support to exceptional researchers during the early career years, when many scientists do their most formative work.
A research team, led by OHSU physician-scientists, has discovered a drug compound that inhibits cancer cell movement and prevents them from spreading throughout the body. The compound was developed using a multidisciplinary approach, combining chemistry and biology to create a highly effective therapeutic.
A new study aims to identify drivers of antibacterial resistance in Thailand, focusing on two species of bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The researchers will investigate how farm management practices, chemical pollution, and human behaviors influence transmission of these bacteria.
Researchers at EMBL screened over 1100 treatment conditions using a novel microfluidic device, discovering individualized cancer therapies for each patient. The device was tested on four patient biopsies, showing highly reproducible results and potential for personalized medicine.
Rothamsted Research has developed a new approach to protecting wheat crops from the devastating take-all root fungus, by carefully selecting the first wheat variety in a cropping cycle. This reduces the disease's severity and increases yields in subsequent crop varieties.
A pioneering exercise program adapted to individual capabilities improved physical and cognitive state among elderly care home residents. After three months, those doing physical exercise showed significant improvements in strength, walking speed, and balance.
Using tree-fall patterns, researchers estimated the near-surface wind speeds of an actual tornado event in Naplate, IL, with results compared to wind speeds from residential houses and damaged infrastructure. The method also applied to crops damaged by tornadoes, providing a new approach to estimating tornado intensity.
A Delaware team has developed a blood test that can identify spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients with 73% accuracy, using DNA patterns in circulating blood cells. The study's findings have significant implications for early diagnosis and intervention.
Researchers developed a cartilage matrix that mimics early stages of repair and provides necessary structural properties for bone-forming cells. The decellularized cartilage-based scaffold effectively directs chondrogenic differentiation and creates a fracture callus mimetic.
A collaborative effort to build capacity in addressing post-disaster behavioral health issues successfully expanded local mental health infrastructure by hiring new staff and training providers on evidence-based models. The Resilient Baton Rouge program achieved multiple objectives, including planning and coordinating service delivery ...
A new longitudinal study published in Child Development finds that strong sibling bonds can offset the negative effects of parental strife. Adolescents with strong sibling relationships are protected from experiencing distress in response to later parental disagreements and fights.
Lobachevsky University researchers analyzed constructing ideology of social assistance to the elderly in state institutions, public and religious organizations. They found that social care remains traditional, with a focus on passive recipients rather than active involvement.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University are developing an autonomous greenhouse for the Arctic using innovative technologies. The project involves phytotrons, ceramic emitters, and automated control systems to study plant growth and radiation modes in extreme conditions.
A team of scientists developed a computer model that can predict the outcome of eye diseases by simulating retinal circuitry and measuring its effects. The study shows that a single element of the retinal circuitry can lead to a variety of effects, and the model accurately reproduces changes observed in experiments.
Researchers from Xiamen University have synthesized cyclic ruthenium carbyne complexes with an unusually low carbyne carbon angle, showcasing their good stability and unique ambiphilic reactivity. The discovery provides a valuable complement to the chemistry of metal carbynes.
A study published in Evolution & Human Behaviour found that social bonding and a desire to protect fellow fans are key motivations for football hooliganism and extremist group behaviour. The research suggests that reducing membership to extreme groups may not prevent violence, but tapping into their commitment could have positive effects.
Researchers have developed self-assembled energetic coordination polymers based on multidentate pentazole cyclo-N5-, which exhibit high energy density and detonation performance. The polymers outperform existing materials like TNT, RDX, HMX, and CL-20.
The GA4GH Large Scale Genomics Work Stream introduces the htsget protocol, a standard for accessing large-scale genomic sequencing data online without file transfers. This enables global sharing and collaboration, addressing the growing need for big-data cloud-based approaches in genomics.
Ming Tang, a Rice University materials scientist, is awarded a $150,000 annual grant to study morphological instability mechanisms in electrodeposition of active metals. The goal is to apply the findings to next-generation rechargeable batteries for lithium, zinc, sodium, and potassium.
A £3 million LSTM-led DRUM Consortium will investigate how human behavior drives antimicrobial resistance in Uganda and Malawi. The research aims to understand key drivers of resistance, including surveying human behavior around antibiotic use, water availability, sanitation, and hygiene.
The study found a significant association between chronic opioid use and support for President Trump in 2016. Socioeconomic factors such as income, disability, insurance coverage, and unemployment contributed to this correlation, accounting for approximately 18% of the variance in county rates of opioid use.
Researchers have discovered the secret to the RSAD2 gene's success: an enzyme that generates a compound called ddhCTP, which sabotages viral replication by disrupting CTP conversion. This finding could form the basis for potent new antiviral drugs with a favorable safety profile.
Scientists found that a trapped air bubble, not the water droplet itself, causes the 'plink' sound produced by a dripping tap. Changing surface tension or adding dish soap can stop the sound. The study published in Scientific Reports could lead to more efficient ways to measure rainfall or develop realistic water sounds for gaming and ...
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new stealth material that can hide hot objects from infrared detectors. The material, made with black silicon, absorbs approximately 94% of infrared light and can be used to trick infrared cameras.
Russian scientists have developed a new method of bioprinting that allows creating 3D-biological objects without the use of layer-by-layer approach. This technology was made possible by magnetic levitation experiments in microgravity conditions, enabling the creation of radiation-sensitive biological constructs and repair of damaged ti...
Research highlights how normalizing plus-size body shapes can lead to underestimation of weight, undermining efforts to tackle obesity. The study shows that socioeconomic inequalities play a significant role in patterns of weight misperception.