Researchers at Hokkaido University have synthesized an organic compound with a record-long C-C bond of 1.806 angstroms, surpassing previously reported world records. The novel polycyclic hydrocarbon named 10c is stable and exhibits unique properties due to its extended C-C bond length.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine discovered that histatin-5 in saliva stiffens ETEC pili, preventing infection. This finding opens up new avenues for prevention and treatment of enteric infectious diseases.
Researchers from NIAID highlight the potential of monoclonal antibodies in treating and preventing emerging infectious diseases. These therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, such as the Ebola outbreak, and may offer a more targeted approach to infection prevention and treatment.
Researchers found that sleep spindles facilitate processing of relevant memory features during sleep and boost memory consolidation. The study suggests that inducing sleep spindles may help improve memory performance while sleeping.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University conducted the first laboratory simulations of exoplanet atmospheres to understand haze formation and its impact on habitability. The study found that certain gas combinations produce more haze particles, which can affect atmospheric temperature structures and potentially shield life.
A new study reveals that changes in living kidney donation in the US over the last decade have varied by sex, resulting in a widened gap in donation between women and men. The incidence of donation was 44% higher in women after adjusting for differences in age, race, and geographic factors.
A new study predicts that climate change will severely impact the Albertine Rift, one of Africa's most biodiverse regions. Nearly 50% of endemic mammals, birds, plants, and other species found nowhere else on earth are expected to become threatened by 2080.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that zebrafish larvae with a mutation in DDX27 showed reduced muscle growth and impaired regeneration. The study provides specificity to the processes controlling protein synthesis in muscles, which will hopefully allow for targeted treatments for skeletal muscle diseases.
Scientists create atomically-thin fabrics by stitching different crystals together in a single session, resulting in the most perfectly aligned materials ever grown. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for electronics, including flexible LEDs and strain-sensing fabrics.
The researchers developed a label-free multimodal microscopy platform that allows non-invasive study of cellular preparations. The platform enables the study of fine cellular processes, such as macrophage cells activation upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), at single-cell level through phenotypic and molecular characterization.
A mission is underway to lower sub-seafloor observatories into the Hikurangi subduction zone off New Zealand. This expedition aims to understand why destructive tsunamis occur after shallow earthquakes and underwater landslides, shedding light on New Zealand's largest earthquake and tsunami hazard.
A new study explores how our cognitive maps adapt to changing environments and reveals distinct connections between grid cells, place cells, and border cells. Researchers found that grid cells closer to the changing walls shift more than those further away, suggesting a non-homogeneous rescaling of the spatial metric.
A high-fiber diet promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that improve blood glucose control and reduce inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes. The study found that only 15 strains of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria are driven by a fiber-rich diet, leading to better insulin production and weight loss.
Researchers found a 'stop sign' protein that prevents healthy cells from sorting material, leading to unregulated growth in cancerous cells. This discovery opens the door to designing drugs that block PIP-stop formation by kinase enzymes, targeting difficult-to-treat cancers.
A new MIT study found that false news travels more rapidly and deeply on Twitter than real news, with false statements retweeted up to 70% more often. Researchers attribute the phenomenon to human psychology, suggesting that novelty drives the spread of falsity.
Scientists from NIAID exposed research mice to brain samples from three people who died from a familial prion disease. Two mutations, Y226X and G131V, were found to be transmissible to mice. The finding highlights the hardiness of prion infectivity and potential risks associated with prion transmission.
A recent study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that high levels of ICAM-1 are associated with better response to current treatments for diabetic macular edema. The discovery could lead to more personalized and tailored medicine, alleviating treatment burdens on patients and the healthcare system.
Researchers discover FUS plays a crucial role in the microRNA-mediated gene silencing system, which regulates cellular activity. Disruption of this system may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and FTD. The study suggests that FUS facilitates guiding and targeting of messenger-RNAs by microRNAs.
A comprehensive review of gaps in risk assessments for adjuvants in commercial pesticides highlights the need for new regulations to protect people and the environment. The review found that exposure to environmental levels of some adjuvant mixtures can affect non-target organisms and even cause chronic human disease.
Researchers have identified microRNA 876-3p as a strong predictive biomarker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth-weight infants. The biomarker is associated with inflammation and impaired lung development, and its presence can help guide targeted therapies to prevent or lessen BPD.
Researchers found that watching others perform a skill increases perceived ability, even if actual performance doesn't improve. Overconfidence can be detrimental, especially when attempting skills without sufficient practice.
A new modeling study predicts that climate change will dramatically reduce global fishery yields, with declines of up to 20% globally and 60% in the North Atlantic by 2300. The study attributes these declines to a lack of ocean mixing, which would drive a decline in fish populations near the surface.
A recent study found that 49% of patients on cholesterol medications did not receive the recommended annual HDL-C test, while 19% received more tests than needed. The study estimates that this leads to a yearly expenditure of A$4.3 million due to overutilisation and A$11.3 million in cost savings from underutilisation.
A phase II clinical trial showed that NGM282 significantly reduced liver fat content in patients with NAFLD and NASH. The treatment, a non-tumorigenic variant of an endocrine gastrointestinal hormone, has no FDA-approved treatments for these conditions.
Researchers developed a cream combining antioxidants, moisturizers and free radical scavengers to treat ACD. The treatment relieved itch, reduced swelling and protected peripheral nerves without corticosteroid side effects.
Researchers created a detailed diagram of the brain circuits behind thirst and satiety in mice, showing that opposing lines of communication play critical roles. The study provides insights into the rules governing the brain's response to dehydration and may shed light on appetite regulation.
A study has identified a critical protein interaction that triggers the development of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a rare neurodegenerative disease. The researchers found that polyQ-ATAXIN1 forms a complex with capicua, which disrupts gene expression and leads to neurodegeneration.
Researchers create molecular machines that self-replicate, producing pounds of 100-percent pure material. This technology could revolutionize manufacturing by designing materials one atom at a time to exact specifications.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded over $10 million to fund 64 projects advancing geographic patterns, human-environmental interactions, and spatial dynamics. These research projects address critical questions of societal significance in fields such as land use, technology, social networks, and environmental sustainability.
A recent study published in PNAS found that disrupted mRNA transport into axons leads to impaired nerve function and cell death, exacerbating conditions like ALS and spinal muscular atrophy. The researchers identified a noncoding RNA, 7SK, as playing a crucial role in these transport complexes.
A recent study by University of Delaware professors found that while interventions for stigma-based bullying have increased, their implementation and evaluation need improvement. The researchers suggest increasing the capacity of school health professionals to address LGBTQ bullying and developing strategies to reduce stereotypes and p...
Scientists found that biological sex modifies communication between nerve cells and generates different responses in males and females to the same stimulus. This study used C. elegans to demonstrate how sex-specific configurations of neural circuits can modify behavior.
Researchers at TSRI have discovered a path to treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtype CMT2D by restoring normal protein function in the nervous system using a small molecule. The study reveals that mutant protein interactions with HDAC6 are responsible for nerve damage, and blocking this interaction can restore proper nerve function.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a technique to analyze structural and electronic fluctuations on the single-molecule scale across the metal-molecule interface. This method provides information that cannot be obtained using conventional methods, with important implications for devices like organic solar cells.
A new study found that antibiotic prescriptions continue to be prescribed at high rates in outpatient settings, contributing to drug-resistant infections and excess healthcare costs. The researchers analyzed data from Express Scripts Holding Co. and found no decline in overall antibiotic prescription rates over a three-year period.
A study found that laboratory mice exposed to the outdoors developed a greater number and size of parasitic whipworms than those in the lab. The longer they lived outside, the more susceptible they became to infection. The researchers suggest that the environment's microbiota may contribute to this increased susceptibility.
Scientists used 3D data to calculate voltages along power lines in the mid-Atlantic region, finding significantly different results compared to previous 1D calculations. The study suggests that 3D data should be used whenever available to determine vulnerable areas of the power grid.
A new study predicts that global fisheries will be 20% less productive in 2300, with the North Atlantic and western Pacific experiencing significant declines. Climate change is expected to alter wind patterns, boost ocean temperatures, and melt sea ice, leading to a reduction in phytoplankton growth and nutrient transfer.
Researchers discover first mutation in EPO gene causing increased production of EPO hormone, leading to abnormally high red blood cell mass. The mutation reprograms a second mRNA in the EPO gene, resulting in biologically active EPO production and increased symptoms.
A recent review article emphasizes the urgent need for more clinical research, data, and prognostic models on traumatic brain injury in older adults. The lack of geriatric-specific TBI guidelines presents barriers to optimal care, and the authors discuss issues related to neurocritical care, neurosurgical management, and rehabilitation.
A study by Victoria Claydon found that bowel care is the top concern for individuals with spinal cord injuries, followed by sexual function, bladder function, and pain. The research highlights the need for holistic solutions to address the complex bodily system impacts of spinal cord injury.
Researchers used NASA's Juno spacecraft data to reveal that Jupiter's colorful bands are not just surface phenomena, but significant strata extending 3,000 km deep. The analysis shows that Jupiter's atmosphere is only 1% of its total mass, a surprising discovery.
Researchers at UConn Health developed a novel hybrid hydrogel system to promote endochondral ossification, a process critical for long bone formation. The system uses fibrin and hyaluronan to guide the growth of cartilage templates, which release factors that initiate vascularized bone formation.
Fake news is a real problem that requires serious research to solve, according to a paper by Filippo Menczer and colleagues. The authors estimate that automated social media accounts spread misinformation across 60 million on Facebook and up to 48 million on Twitter.
A new UCL-led study found that people with one hand can recognize a prosthetic limb as their real hand, particularly those who use a prosthesis regularly. This adaptation allows the brain to compensate for the missing limb, enabling more comfortable and easier-to-use prosthetics.
A new MIT study found that false news spreads widely and easily on Twitter, traveling farther and faster than the truth. Contrary to conventional wisdom, humans play a key role in spreading false news, with falsehoods being 70% more likely to be retweeted.
Researchers at TU Wien create nanostructures made of previously impossible material by incorporating high proportions of foreign atoms into crystals. This results in new materials with significantly altered properties, including potential applications in optoelectronics and microelectronics.
A high-fiber diet can alleviate symptoms of type 2 diabetes by promoting a specific group of gut bacteria, according to researchers. The study found that patients under a high-fiber diet had greatly reduced blood sugar and body weight compared to those on standard care.
A new technique enables real-time measurement of laser pulses with sub-picosecond resolution, revealing complex collapse and oscillation dynamics before stabilization. This breakthrough has important implications for designing and improving ultrafast pulsed lasers.
Researchers found that regular exercise can slow down muscle mass loss, body fat, cholesterol levels, and immune system decline with age. The study of amateur cyclists aged 55-79 showed no signs of aging in their muscles, bodies, or immune systems.
TU Dresden researchers refined their method for studying organic semiconductors by collaborating with experimentalists to compare simulations to spectroscopy experiments. The team simulated materials like C60 and zinc phthalocyanine, finding good agreement between simulations and experimental observations.
Researchers have developed novel T cell immunotherapies using custom-made receptors called synNotch that can precisely target cancer and autoimmune diseases. The technology has the potential to overcome major hurdles in T cell immunotherapies, leading to more favorable treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers at the University of Calgary discovered that stress transmitted from others can change the brain in mice, altering CRH neurons that control the brain's response to stress. In females, these effects are reversed after a social interaction, while males do not exhibit this reversal.
Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, congestive heart failure, venous thromboembolism, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Early screening and lifestyle modifications may help prevent long-term cardiovascular diseases.
A study found that food insecurity occurs in 9.2% of older adults, with higher rates among women, people without a spouse, and those with certain health conditions. The researchers highlight the need for combined methods to identify food insecurity and connect older adults with community-based resources.
Researchers found that L-arginine supplementation increased blood vessel development in the placenta and reduced low birth weight/preterm birth and stillbirth. The study suggests that L-arginine may be a critical component in regulating blood vessel development, with implications for other conditions linked to poor birth outcomes.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have discovered a new way to fight sepsis by boosting the immune system with a drug that increases key immune cells. The approach has shown significant and lasting improvements in patients, offering hope for improved survival rates.
A study by a team of economists and marine experts found that protecting marine coastlines contributes $179 million to the state's economy, more than finfish landings and whale-watching. Coastal conservation groups support activities such as beach cleanup and education campaigns.
Researchers have identified a range of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides that can activate the frataxin gene in FA patients. The discovery demonstrates flexible options for increasing frataxin protein expression and alleviating FA symptoms.
A University of Illinois study found that early-killed cereal rye reduces weed density by 20% and suppresses early-season weed growth by 85%. The cover crop management system also promotes easy edamame emergence, which is notoriously challenging for the soybean variety.