Sand flies infect about one million people each year with the parasite Leishmania, causing chronic disease Leishmaniasis. Researchers at University of Calgary's high-containment lab are studying transmission of the disease and immune system's response to it by raising sand flies.
Researchers found unique diamond impurities containing Ice-VII, a naturally occurring aqueous fluid from the deep mantle. This discovery provides evidence of water-rich regions deep below the Earth's crust and has significant implications for understanding the planet's inner workings.
New Mayo Clinic research reveals that a significant majority of patients are receptive to asking about sexual orientation and gender identity, dispelling long-held concerns among healthcare providers. The study aims to improve health disparities among LGBTI patients by encouraging providers to ask these questions.
A recent study found that transfusing older stored red blood cells can lead to adverse effects in critically ill patients. Free heme, a breakdown product from degraded red blood cells, is thought to be the key culprit behind this toxicity.
A new study using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) delivery vectors found that ZMapp antibodies administered to mice resulted in 100% protection against Ebola infection. The study also compared different doses and routes of administration, with the best results achieved using a single rAAV-delivered antibody.
A retrospective study found that intravenous arginine treatment led to clinical improvements and no adverse effects in children with mitochondrial disease after acute metabolic strokes. The treatment resulted in partial or complete reversal of symptoms such as seizures, paralysis, and low muscle tone in 47% of patients.
TB, a bacterial infection that infects the lungs, is a leading cause of death worldwide. The NIH calls for modernized TB research using new diagnostic and vaccine approaches to cure people infected with any strain of Mtb.
Researchers at the Advanced Science Research Center used nonlinear resonators to create a self-induced robustness against defects and disorder. The system reconfigured itself, inducing a topology that propagated across the entire chain of resonators, allowing signal transmission without problem.
Researchers discover protein CEP128 regulates critical cellular processes, including heart development, and its inactivity causes severe malformations in zebrafish. Human cells also show similar effect, providing potential insights into treatments for birth defects and diseases.
The study found a significant decrease in mortality risk in patients with severe burns, with age, burn size, and inhalation injury being key predictors of mortality. Continuous improvement in care protocols has led to a 2% per year reduction in mortality rates across all age groups.
Researchers from ANU have created a comprehensive study on the origins of people in Vanuatu, using DNA analyses and archaeological evidence. The results confirm that Vanuatu's first people arrived 3,000 years ago from South East Asia, with Papuan arrivals following shortly after.
The nTIDE report shows Americans with disabilities experienced a 23-month streak of positive job growth, with an 8.5% increase in employment-to-population ratio and a 6.7% boost in labor force participation rate.
The study proposes a biologically-inspired controller that uses non-linear oscillators to generate diverse gaits and postures. The system can adapt to different walking speeds and is controlled by high-level parameters, enabling real-time adjustments using brain-computer interfaces.
Tropical Cyclone Hola dropped heavy rainfall on Vanuatu and New Caledonia, with maximum sustained winds of 95 knots (~ 105 mph) reported. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center expects the cyclone to recurve southeastward, avoiding a direct impact with New Caledonia.
A large-scale genome-wide association study found that insomnia has a partially heritable basis and a strong genetic link to type 2 diabetes. The study also identified specific gene variants on chromosomes 7 and 9 associated with insomnia.
A new study suggests that managing eating habits, particularly meal times, could help control malaria infections. Researchers found that malaria parasites in infected mice timed their daily multiplication and invasion of red blood cells to match the animal's feeding schedule.
Scientists at Iowa State University have used leftover blood donor cells to gain insights into how natural killer cells interact with antibodies. They found that the carbohydrate modifications on these cells result in higher affinity, potentially leading to improved antibody therapies.
Research by Tokyo Medical and Dental University reveals that early-life Fgf21 gene demethylation reduces diet-induced obesity in adulthood. The study, published in Nature Communications, demonstrates the persistence of this epigenetic change into adulthood and its potential role in metabolic disease prevention.
Researchers successfully exfoliated gallenene onto various substrates, demonstrating its potential as an efficient metal contact in two-dimensional electronic devices. The method used to create the flat gallium could be explored for other metals and compounds with low melting points.
Researchers at the University of Sussex have identified a specific molecule that plays a key role in forming long-term memories. By controlling this molecule, a drug could be developed to relieve the block on new memories in dementia patients and help repress painful memories in post-traumatic stress disorder sufferers.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a new method that extends the viability of donated brain tissue from people with epilepsy to 48 hours. This allows them to study gene therapy treatment and acquire more data from a small number of patients, bringing treatments closer to the patient without direct testing.
A study by Kellogg Eye Center links smaller social connections to reduced likelihoods of cataract surgery in older adults. Adults with few family members had 40% lower odds of receiving the procedure compared to those with three or more family ties.
A review of research evidence suggests that living at high altitude may increase suicide risk, with studies linking higher altitudes to stronger associations with suicide. Possible treatments for reducing the effects of low blood oxygen on mood and suicidal thoughts are proposed, including supplemental serotonin precursors and creatinine.
Mattershift, a NYC-based startup, has achieved a breakthrough in making carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes at large scale to produce carbon-zero fuels from CO2 removed from the air. The technology has been validated through tests confirming its performance and is set to be used in seawater desalination processes.
A researcher uses mass cytometry technology to visualize a person's immune system, creating an 'Instagram' of millions of blood cells. This technique predicts cancer treatment responses and identifies potential biomarkers for patients who will respond positively to immunotherapy.
Researchers created metastable states in an artificial quantum many-body system, observing the switching dynamics between two states. They found that thousands of atoms move through quantum tunnelling during the process.
A new app and hardware for smartphones measures blood pressure with accuracy rivaling arm-cuff devices, according to Michigan State University scientists. The technology uses a fingertip measurement point and includes a discovery of a more convenient measurement location.
Researchers present a mathematical model for autoignition in free round turbulent jets, enabling more efficient supercritical water oxidation technology. The model simplifies complex dynamics into one differential equation, allowing for sharp characterization of autoignition events.
A new study finds that reforested areas in the US can absorb significant amounts of carbon, with existing forests capable of sequestering an additional 1-2 billion tons of carbon over 100 years. Researchers analyzed soil profile observations and remote sensing data to determine the rate at which soils absorb carbon.
Researchers uncover genetic mechanism behind insect's ability to revive after drying up. Heat shock factor plays key role in activating genes that protect cells from dehydration damage.
Researchers from Kumamoto University have established a highly sensitive system to assess Col4 functionality, enabling the screening of therapeutic drug candidates. The detection system reduces labor and time costs compared to conventional methods, making it possible to analyze multiple compounds simultaneously.
A University at Buffalo study found that the absence of protein tristetraprolin (TTP) leads to rapid bone loss in mice, with oral bone loss increasing by nearly 20% over nine months. Overexpressing TTP reduced bone turnover by 13%. The research has implications for managing bone health in the elderly.
A world-first study reveals that regions with psychological hardship responded to populist campaigns based on fear, contributing to the UK's Brexit vote and Donald Trump's election. The research found that neurotic personality traits, including anxiety and depression, played a significant role in shaping voting behaviour.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed a mechanically robust conductive coating that maintains performance under stretching, bending, and twisting. The coating, based on two-dimensional metal carbides (MXenes), can be engineered onto various surfaces like cloth, fiber, glass, or plastic.
A multi-institutional study found that mandatory flu vaccines for health care workers increase participation by up to 30% and reduce absenteeism during critical patient surges. Vaccinated health care workers had a 30% reduction in absenteeism compared to non-vaccinated workers.
Researchers found adult fish change swimming trajectories in response to a change in the Earth magnetic field, even without visible light. They identified a candidate region in the brain that could lead to the discovery of magnetic receptor cells.
A new experiment by Iowa State University's Elizabeth Swanner simulated prehistoric oceans and found that much of the iron was reduced again into its dissolved form despite oxygenation by cyanobacteria. This unexpected result challenges traditional assumptions about how iron-rich sedimentary rocks are formed from ancient oceans.
Ocean conditions off the US West Coast are returning to average after a marine heat wave, but salmon catches remain depressed. Feeding conditions have improved for sea lions and seabirds, while plankton species have shifted back towards fat-rich, cool-water species beneficial for fish growth.
A new study from Abertay University found that women with heavy makeup are viewed less favorably as leaders. Researchers used computer software to manipulate images of a woman's face, revealing that both men and women evaluated her more negatively in leadership roles when she wore more makeup.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have identified a promising route for designing an effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The study focused on the RSV G glycoprotein and found that protective antibodies target specific sites on the protein, which can induce an immune response.
A team of researchers has developed a new class of glass based on metals and organic compounds, with improved glass-forming ability and pliability compared to traditional silica glass. The new metal-organic compound glass, ZIF-62, exhibits superior mechanical properties and optical transmission.
Experts on quantum computing, including Antia Lamas-Linares, discussed the field's potential and applications at SXSW 2018. They focused on topics such as secure time synchronization and GPS protection, highlighting the importance of these areas in the future development of quantum technologies.
Researchers developed light-responsive vesicles that can deliver anticancer drugs at precise timing and location. The technology uses a near-infrared laser to break the vesicles apart, releasing the drug only in targeted areas, reducing damage to healthy tissue.
Electrically charging a plane could significantly reduce its risk of being struck by lightning, according to MIT researchers. The proposed system would charge the aircraft to a negative level to dampen the more highly charged positive end, preventing it from reaching a critical level and initiating a lightning strike.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins researchers found previously known skin itch receptors in the airways of mice, which appear to contribute to bronchoconstriction and airway hypersensitivity. The discovery may be a promising new target for developing drug therapies for asthma and other respiratory disorders.
A study led by Amita Sehgal has found that the permeability of the blood brain barrier fluctuates over 24 hours, with a molecular clock regulating this rhythm. The researchers suggest that timing the delivery of medications targeted to the central nervous system could improve outcomes for patients.
Researchers have identified plant-derived volatiles with potent vapour-phase-mediated anti-Candida activity, offering a potential solution to the growing problem of drug resistance. Approximately half of the tested essential oils and their components showed activity against the most drug-resistant type of Candida.
Researchers Nelly Andarawis-Puri and Johnny Huard received Kappa Delta Awards for their work on tendon healing and remodeling, and the use of adult stem cells in musculoskeletal tissue repair. Their research has led to a better understanding of how tendons heal and how to develop more effective treatments for musculoskeletal injuries.
A new study reveals that the majority of mining-related injuries and illnesses in Illinois go unreported to the federal agency responsible for tracking these events. Researchers found that only 34% of cases were captured by the Part 50 program, highlighting the need for improved reporting rates.
AbeXXa Biologics has partnered with global pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim to develop a novel approach to cancer immunotherapy. The partnership aims to create personalized therapies tailored to each patient's tumor using atypical HLAs, which have less variability than classical HLAs.
Researchers will collect data on community activity spaces and participant behavior using smartphones. The goal is to better understand how people with severe mobility impairments adapt to life after SCI and the role of the environment in their daily lives.
Scientists used data from three NASA satellites to create a 3D model of coronal mass ejections and their associated shocks, confirming long-held theoretical predictions. The new models provide detailed information on shock density, speed, and strength, essential for assessing the danger CMEs pose to astronauts and spacecraft.
A study from Umea University found that people who use moist snuff have significantly higher levels of protein cornulin in their blood. Lifestyle factors can influence background levels, and the researchers hope to find disease-detecting proteins in the future.
A study by the University of Edinburgh found that nearly half of stroke patients die within six months of admission. Healthcare staff should address emotional needs and prepare families for the possibility of death or disability.
A study found that gut microbes influence parasitic worm infection severity and recurrence in developing countries. The researchers identified specific gut bacteria associated with increased inflammation, which may make it harder for worms to establish themselves.
A team of researchers analyzed how diverse social norms impact cooperation using game theoretical methods. They found that adopting 'dividualism' leads to the extinction of a norm assessing helpful behavior towards bad individuals, contradicting previous research based on individualism.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have identified a cell process called senescence as a contributing factor to bile duct disease and liver failure. The study found that blocking chemical messages sent by cells during senescence restores liver function in mice, pointing towards new treatment targets.
A five-year grant will help researchers study arsenic's impact on pancreatic beta cells and the protective effects of selenoproteins. The study aims to identify factors that counteract arsenic's effects and potentially develop interventions for diabetes prevention.
Researchers are testing a new combination of cirmtuzumab and ibrutinib to eradicate leukemias and other blood cancers. The trial aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of the duo's treatment, which could potentially lead to complete remissions without continuous therapy.
The Microplants project uses online tool Zooniverse to enable citizen science volunteers to analyze photos of liverworts, measuring their primitive leaflike structures. Over 11,000 users assisted in analyzing liverwort photos, contributing to research that can inform environmental policy.
The USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture has awarded grants totaling $2.6 million to support innovative ideas in agriculture and food production through the Exploratory Research Grants (ERG) program. The grants aim to develop proof of concept for untested ideas that will lead to positive disruption of the agricultural norm.
Patients who receive treatment during periods when interventional cardiologists are away at academic conferences experience a substantial increase in survival rates compared to those treated on matched days. The improvement is primarily driven by a group of patients with a specific type of heart attack that does not require immediate s...
A large-scale intervention in China improved agricultural efficiency while reducing environmental impact among 20.9 million smallholder farmers, yielding a 10% increase in grain output and a 15-18% decrease in fertilizer use.
The James Webb Space Telescope will study the chemical complexity of molecular clouds to understand the origin and evolution of water and other key molecules. By observing icy layers, protoplanetary disks, and individual stars, scientists aim to determine whether life-building blocks exist in every star system.
Researchers present sustainable embedded wireless systems that minimize carbon footprint and energy consumption in IoT devices and applications. The conference covers topics such as reliability, security, emerging networking paradigms and protocols, and proposals for increasing energy efficiency in smart homes and cities.
Rising temperatures and carbon dioxide levels drive tree mortality in the tropics, with nearly all factors contributing to the decline. Trees face two main phenomena: carbon starvation from lack of food and hydraulic failure due to water scarcity.