A study of over 3,700 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 592,000 without ASD found that those with ASD and their younger siblings had lower vaccination rates. The research suggests a possible association between ASD diagnosis and undervaccination.
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment has successfully shielded a sensitive detector array from background radioactivity, critical to developing a future ton-scale experiment. This achievement aims to study the nature of neutrinos and their role in explaining the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance.
Research reveals that vampire bats in areas with high livestock abundance have different immune profiles, investing more in adaptive immunity to fight infections. The study's findings also suggest a higher risk of virus transmission to humans through cross-species contact, highlighting the importance of sustainable farming practices.
Antibiotic use surged globally between 2000 and 2015, with defined daily doses increasing by 65% and the consumption rate rising by 39%. The trend was most pronounced in low- and middle-income countries, where antibiotic use rose by 114% and the consumption rate increased by 77%.
Researchers used a high-resolution 3D calculation program to study the interaction between a shock wave and molecular clouds in interstellar space. The results show that filament formation and density irregularities depend on cloud compression under the impact of the shock wave, with three phases of collision identified.
A machine learning model has been developed to predict C. difficile infection risk, analyzing entire electronic health records and accommodating institutional differences. The model can identify patients at greatest risk, allowing for targeted prevention methods and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers found that smokers who used e-cigarettes were less likely to quit, but only if they used them regularly. The study suggests that e-cigarettes may not be as useful for quitting smoking as previously thought, and recommends FDA-approved nicotine replacement products instead.
A large study found that conventional risk factors largely explain the links between loneliness and first-time heart disease/stroke, but social isolation remained an independent risk factor for death among those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. The study of nearly 480,000 people aged 40-69 found that social isolation was assoc...
A pen and paper chart, EPAT, helps doctors regularly record pain levels using a traffic light system, leading to reduced pain in cancer patients, and improved monitoring of medications and side effects. The study suggests this simple approach can put pain management at the forefront of routine care, with potential benefits for patients.
Research elucidates the neural basis of complex altruistic behavior, discovering two brain circuits that govern moral decisions in war veterans. The study used CT scans and an altruistic decision task to map brain damage and behavior, finding correlations between specific brain areas and punishment or donation behaviors.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have developed an antibody that targets APOE protein, leading to the removal of amyloid plaques from mouse brains. This breakthrough could potentially halt brain damage triggered by plaques in early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in PNAS suggests that controlling greenhouse gas emissions could substantially reduce the consequences of permafrost thawing, but failing to do so would result in significant carbon releases. The research found that even with low emission scenarios, permafrost loss and soil carbon changes are still substantial.
Research shows phubbing can negatively affect relationships by threatening people's fundamental need to belong. The study found that increased phubbing significantly impacted communication quality and relationship satisfaction.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new material, stainless steel composite metal foam (CMF), that offers much more protection than existing armor materials while lowering the weight remarkably. The CMF can block blast pressure and fragmentation from high-explosive incendiary rounds with minimal weight loss.
Researchers at Tufts University created a genetically modified yeast that can efficiently consume xylose, enabling faster growth and higher cell densities. The new synthetic regulon, dubbed XYL, preserved a natural interaction between feeding and survival genes, leading to improved survival of the xylose-eating yeast organism.
A study by Ron Milo and colleagues reveals that plant-based diets offer a significant reduction in food loss and an increase in food production. Replacing animal-based products with plant-based alternatives could produce up to 20-fold more protein per acre, enough to feed approximately 350 million additional people.
New findings from fetal brain scans reveal that mothers' stress during pregnancy changes neural connectivity in their developing child's brain. The cerebellum plays a key role in this effect, which may be linked to future human health and development.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem have created a terahertz microchip that enables computers to run 100 times faster through optic communications. The new integrated circuit uses flash memory technology and has overcome major challenges of overheating and scalability.
Researchers are using artificial networks to enhance their understanding of the human brain's complex systems. By parsing out contextual clues in image recognition, they can gain insights into how humans perceive and process information.
Research reveals strong connections between longitudinal beverage intakes and adolescent caries experience, with higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and lower fluoride intakes leading to increased caries risk. The study emphasizes the importance of adjusting for preventive factors such as brushing frequency in future studies.
Researchers analyzed 5,298 patients with surgically removed ampullary tumors and found no survival benefit from adjuvant therapy. Patients receiving additional chemotherapy or radiation therapy did not show improved stage-specific survival rates compared to those who underwent surgery alone.
Recent discoveries on proteoglycan roles in bone and tooth development have been made, challenging previously held views of their structural function. The symposium aims to provide an update on these findings, which have significant implications for mineralized tissue biology and craniofacial development.
A recent study published by British American Tobacco found that vaping does not cause the same level of tooth discoloration as smoking. The research used cow's teeth to test the impact of e-cigarette vapour and tobacco-heated products on tooth colour, with surprising results.
A new climate model, POEM, has been developed by Russian and German scientists to accelerate research in climate science. The model addresses complex tasks such as ice age periodization and climate forecasting, providing a more efficient alternative to existing models.
A Singapore-led team of Asian cancer researchers has won the prestigious AACR Team Science Award for their groundbreaking work on cancers prevalent in Asia. The team's research has identified new genes and pathways, translated findings into clinical trials, and informed government policies.
Researchers found that e-cigarette aerosol exposure causes shape changes and narrowing of the orofacial area in developing murine embryos. Flavored e-cigAMs showed greater detrimental effects than plain e-cigAMs, highlighting a potential risk to fetal development.
Tropical Cyclone Marcus is weakening rapidly due to interactions with cooler waters and increased vertical wind shear. The storm's cloud top temperatures have warmed over the last day, indicating a weakening of its uplift.
A study at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry found a significant decrease in opioid prescriptions after implementing an opioid prescribing protocol. The analysis showed a 47.1% reduction in total opioid prescriptions and tablets per prescription written.
The new instrument increases the sensitivity of optical mammography by up to 1000-fold, allowing for earlier detection of breast cancer. This advancement offers a safer and more gentle alternative to traditional X-ray imaging, which is often limited by patient age, weight, or other factors.
The SUGAR project has expanded knowledge of gas hydrates in the seafloor and developed technologies for environmental monitoring. Companies from Germany have successfully tested methane extraction from submarine hydrate deposits, with interest from Asian countries like Japan and China.
A study found that most healthcare professionals lack knowledge and understanding of recommended obesity treatments, including behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy. The results suggest that additional obesity training is needed among health care professionals to improve patient care management, communication, and behavior change.
Researchers have identified a new species of ancient reptile, Colobops noviportensis, with unusually developed jaw muscles, revealing insights into prehistoric environments and animal adaptations. The discovery sheds light on the origins of modern vertebrates in a world already inhabited by diverse physical extremes.
A radiologist at the University of Virginia Health System has created a virtual reality teaching tool that puts viewers in the midst of complex procedures, revolutionizing medical education. The tool allows physicians and trainees to experience intricate procedures like an 'interventional radiology heptathlon' with unparalleled clarity.
A new field instrument can quantify methane leaks as tiny as one-quarter of a human exhalation from nearly a mile away. The revamped laser technology provides game-changing information for safe industry operations and controlling harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
Research identifies poor attention and decision-making skills as linked to walking slowly and experiencing falls in older adults with dementia. Certain brain training methods may help improve mobility and prevent falls by addressing cognitive function issues.
New research pushes back the first glaciation and early human appearance in central Germany by 100,000 years. The study used luminescence dating to determine the age of river deposits containing Lower- and Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts.
A new quality improvement initiative, NAPRC, aims to improve US rectal cancer care by adopting a multidisciplinary team approach. The program's proposed quality measures and process indicators were analyzed, revealing varying completion rates among hospitals.
The study found that more proficient boys showed increased activation in parts of the brain associated with grammatical rules, while girls used a wider range of language information, including speech sounds and meaning of words and sentences. This discovery may help optimize teaching methods for both genders.
A team of scientists discovered a gene that helps rice plants grow in salty soil. The gene, STRK1, increases the plant's tolerance to salt stress by reducing reactive oxygen species.
Researchers have found that the human brain's tiny blood vessels can trigger the growth of spinal motor neurons, which control muscles, during early development. This discovery could provide insights into diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers found that plants in northern Alaska's tussock tundra took up nitrate at comparable rates to vegetation in nitrate-rich ecosystems. This discovery has important implications for predicting which arctic plant species will dominate as the climate warms, and how much carbon tundra ecosystems can store.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that older adults with slower walking speeds may be at increased risk for developing dementia. The research examined data from nearly 4,000 participants and discovered a strong link between slower walking speed and higher risk of dementia.
A pilot study found that an educational brochure and support from healthcare personnel helped 64% of hospitalized older adults stop taking sedatives. Participants reported no significant change in sleep problems after stopping sedatives, highlighting the potential benefits of reducing polypharmacy.
A new study from the University of Guelph finds that climate change and environmental factors are more threatening to fish diversity than predators in freshwater lakes. The research highlights the importance of monitoring lake conditions, including warming temperatures and water quality impacts, to protect species diversity.
A nationwide survey found that oral and maxillofacial surgeons prescribed more opioids after hydrocodone-containing products were rescheduled in 2014. The study also showed a significant reduction in phone calls requesting refill authorizations after switching to more potent pain medications.
A study conducted at the University of Helsinki found that eating regularly, rather than dieting, is crucial for successful long-term weight management in both women and men. Factors such as physical activity, education level, and mental wellbeing also play a significant role.
A study found that access to dental services increased for Medicaid children between 2013-2015, with 77% utilizing Type I services and 21% using Type II services. Sealant access rates improved, but sealant utilization remained low, particularly among older children.
Researchers found that writing critically about past setbacks leads to lower levels of the
Researchers identified new genetic mutations in cancer cells that promote survival and resistance to treatment. The study found that no two cancers were genetically identical, even among those with similar characteristics.
The National Institutes of Health (NIDCR) established the DOCTRC Program to develop resources and strategies for regenerating dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues. Two national resource centers were established: The Michigan-Pittsburgh-Wyss Resource Center and the Center for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Tissue and Organ Regeneration.
Researchers at MLU describe how proteins change structure in response to kinases, enabling cell cycle progression and inhibiting blocked kinases. This mechanism is thought to be the basis of many cellular signal pathways.
A preclinical study in rats found that Cannabidiol (CBD) can reduce the risk of relapse among recovering drug and alcohol addicts. CBD effectively reduced anxiety, impulsivity, and stress-induced relapse in rats.
A recent NRG Oncology study found that high-dose radiotherapy improves biochemical control and reduces distant metastases in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer, but does not enhance overall survival. The treatment also resulted in more side effects compared to standard radiotherapy.
A study published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases found that patients with drug-resistant infections who received consultation from ID specialists had a 50% lower 30-day mortality rate. ID consultation was also associated with reduced mortality and hospital readmissions for certain types of resistant bacteria.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that knee pain is associated with an increased risk of depression in older adults. The research team developed a new screening tool based on questions about knee pain at night, which may help identify individuals at risk for developing depressive symptoms.
A study by Montana State University researchers found lower fruit and vegetable desirability in more rural areas of Montana, affecting daily food choices. This can lead to long-term health implications due to the quality of available fruits and vegetables.
Researchers found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of heart disease events in severely obese teens. The study predicts a 4% risk of heart disease events after one year of surgery, compared to an 8% risk prior to surgery.
A scientific study has cataloged and characterized two indigenous olive varieties from the Galician region in Spain, Brava and Mansa. The study's findings show that these varieties produce high-quality extra virgin olive oil with unique genetic characteristics.
Obesity and severe obesity have increased among US adults from 2007-2008 to 2015-2016, while rates among youth remained stable. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to track these trends.
A study analyzing hospital data from 2012-2014 found that 1.5% of patients hospitalized for periapical abscess had opioid abuse/dependence, with certain demographics showing increased risk, including younger adults and those without private insurance.