Researchers found that cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin polymers contribute to secondary cell wall formation independently of each other. The study suggests that microtubules regulate the patterning of hemicellulose and lignin, rather than cellulose.
Researchers from Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University Center for Aging Research develop IN-PEACE to improve dementia care and reduce caregiver stress through state-of-the-art symptom management. The initiative provides support by nurses and social workers to both patients and their family caregivers.
A £2.7 million study is developing a person-centred package of care in GP surgeries, focusing on the introduction of one dementia expert to link to the rest of the patient's clinical team. The programme aims to improve the experience of care and promote positive mental and physical wellbeing.
A new investigational antibiotic, cefiderocol, has been found effective against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a phase 2 randomised trial. The study suggested that patients treated with cefiderocol had a higher and more sustained level of pathogen eradication compared to those treated with imipenem-cilastatin.
A new study reveals that ancient fish species originated in shallow ocean waters, not coral reefs. The researchers analyzed fossil records and created a database to reconstruct the early habitats of vertebrates, finding that they diversified in near-shore areas.
Researchers confirm six genetically distinct tiger subspecies through genome-wide analysis of 32 tiger specimens, revealing unique features and evolutionary histories for each group. The findings provide robust evidence for subspecies delineation in tigers.
A Rutgers University study reveals that older adults with 10-19 teeth are at higher risk for malnutrition. Patients with tooth loss or malnutrition experienced weight loss, dementia, and depression, highlighting the importance of dental clinics in identifying nutritional status issues.
New research reveals that shallow near-shore environments were crucial for the evolution of early fish species around 480 million years ago. The study, published in Science, identifies these fragile seashores as the 'cradle of evolution' where primitive fish first appeared and diversified.
Researchers from NUS developed novel lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for high-sensitivity X-ray detection, reducing diagnostic radiation dose by 400 times. These nanocrystals also enable lower-cost and faster imaging technology with improved resolution.
Researchers have identified three proteins that regulate each other with surprising complexity, potentially leading to treatments for some forms of infertility and fighting aggressive cancers. The discovery could also inform precision medicine treatments for certain types of aggressive cancers.
Researchers at VIB and Ghent University have discovered a novel method to block immunosuppression in cancer by targeting the protein assembly that dampens immune responses. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new therapies to stimulate immunity against tumor cells.
Researchers at ICTA-UAB are developing a participative prevention and fire fighting strategy for the Montseny Biosphere Reserve. The project aims to analyze types of fires, establish strategic management points and foster institutional coordination of climate change mitigation and adaptation policies.
A study suggests that microdosing psychedelics can improve creative problem-solving abilities by enhancing divergent and convergent thinking. Participants who took a tiny fraction of a normal dose of psychedelic substances showed improved performance on tasks requiring alternative solutions and convergent thinking.
Researchers at University of Montreal discovered how metformin affects cell glucose uptake and metabolism, revealing a link to iron distribution. This finding may explain metformin's potential benefits beyond diabetes treatment, including prevention of chronic diseases like cancer.
Researchers at York University discovered a new role for beta-catenin, a protein involved in cell regulation, in controlling messenger RNA translation. This finding could lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for cancers and neurological diseases.
Researchers at Jefferson University have identified a molecular lock and key that controls calcium's entry into mitochondria, revealing a new target for drug discovery. The finding suggests that compounds like ruthenium red/360 can block calcium entry into cells, potentially treating neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study found that trusting others is associated with a 10-month increase in life expectancy. High levels of trust were linked to better social support and reduced psychosocial stress, which can contribute to health problems and shortened lives.
A University of Oklahoma meteorologist predicts severe droughts and intense rainfall events will become more frequent and long-lasting worldwide. The study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, uses standardized rainfall indices to compare event characteristics between regions and seasons.
A recent study estimates that over 275,000 people in Massachusetts have opioid use disorder, with the prevalence increasing from 2.7% in 2011 to 4.6% in 2015. The study used linked public health data sets to provide a more accurate picture of the impact of opioids in the state.
The ESA is backing the development of a new helicon plasma thruster technology that could revolutionize electric propulsion in space. The thruster, which has been tested at UC3M facilities, uses radiofrequency waves to generate hot plasma and accelerate it supersonically.
A new study by Northwestern University found that facial exercise after Botox injections can make wrinkle reduction occur one day sooner. The exercises included raised motions of the forehead and scowls, which improved forehead wrinkles by two to three days after treatment when followed by facial exercise.
Researchers have mapped the chromatin accessibility landscape of 23 primary human cancer types using ATAC-seq, identifying over 500,000 active DNA regulatory elements. This comprehensive dataset may help partition cancer patients for more effective therapies.
Researchers identified the paraventricular thalamus as a key player in tracking important details for animals to learn. The study's findings suggest that the brain can adapt its focus on good and bad outcomes based on context, which could lead to new treatments for drug addiction.
Researchers at Rutgers University develop a citizen-led mosquito control approach that mobilizes neighbors to address local problems with scientific guidance. The program, called Citizen Action through Science (Citizen AcTS), resulted in a significant reduction of invasive Asian tiger mosquitoes in targeted areas.
A study found that sales employees recommend rounded watches and perfume bottles when they appear obese, and suggest more angular products when they are thin. The researchers also discovered that the level of friendliness drives the propensity to recommend round products.
A University of Guelph study found that global agriculture is overproducing grains, fats, and sugars while insufficiently producing fruits and vegetables. Adopting a more nutritious diet would require significant changes to the food system, including reducing meat consumption and increasing plant-based protein production.
Head and neck cancer survivors are at a higher risk of death by suicide, with the rate being two times that of other cancer survivors and four times that of the general population. The study found that approximately one-half of head and neck cancer survivors become functionally disabled after completing treatment.
A team of scientists has identified a key protein that triggers the activation of mammary stem cells during puberty, leading to the rapid expansion of the mammary gland. FoxP1 plays a crucial role in switching off proteins that keep mammary stem cells dormant, allowing them to divide and drive growth.
Researchers developed a new optical gyroscope that detects phase shifts 30 times smaller than previous systems, enabling miniaturization to a chip smaller than a grain of rice. The Sagnac effect relies on detecting differences between two beams traveling in opposite directions.
Researchers used human organ-on-a-chip technology to investigate the mechanism of disease development and found that probiotics can cause more harm than good when the gut barrier is compromised. The study confirms that intestinal barrier disruption is the onset initiator of gut inflammation, a key factor in many diseases.
A new study has linked physical disabilities in kidney transplant recipients to poor outcomes, including a higher risk of organ failure for those with visual disabilities and early death for those with walking disabilities. The study suggests that these patients may benefit from additional supportive care and monitoring post-transplant.
A recent study published by the American Society of Nephrology found a strong link between acute kidney injury and an increased risk of developing dementia. Patients with acute kidney injury had a 7.0% vs. 2.3% chance of developing dementia, highlighting the potential long-term cognitive consequences of AKI.
Researchers studied 34 right whale mother-calf pairs from 2011 to 2015, discovering that near-surface resting behavior increases the risk of ship strikes and low call-rates may be a defense mechanism. The study's findings emphasize the need for improved protection measures to prevent extinction
Researchers identified new biomarkers that can detect glaucoma at an early stage, enabling early intervention. The study's findings suggest that these biomarkers may inhibit neurodegeneration in the optic nerve and retina.
Super Typhoon Yutu made landfall as the strongest storm to hit any part of the US this year, with peak rain rates of up to 269 mm/hr. The GPM satellite revealed an almost perfect ring of heavy to intense rain, indicative of an extremely powerful storm.
A survey of 724 women found that nearly 60% knew about the link between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk reduction, but only 16% learned it from a medical professional. The study highlights the importance of healthcare providers educating mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing breast cancer risk.
Research by LSU Health New Orleans found that early team-based exposure to multiple health disciplines in pipeline programs reduces traditional role and leadership stereotypes. This leads to improved collaboration and better patient outcomes, as seen in the study's statistically significant positive changes in IPE perceptions.
Repeated exposure to anti-viral signaling molecules trains the innate immune system to react more efficiently. Fibroblasts exhibit faster and greater activation of anti-viral genes after subsequent stimulations, indicating specific memory in the innate immune system.
Researchers are using lab-grown mini retinas to understand the connection between the eye and brain, with a focus on restoring vision in people with damaged retinal ganglion cells. The study found that a protein called Netrin-1 significantly increased axon outgrowth from these cells.
Scientists discovered that developing brain networks act locally to build globally, with spontaneous activity patterns correlating between distant populations of neurons. This finding suggests that long-range order originates from neural activity driven by short-range connections.
A new study published in American Society of Nephrology found that ideal BMI (18-25) recipients had the best organ survival rates, while there was no difference in patient survival across different BMI groups. Obesity may not be a significant barrier to kidney transplantation for obese patients.
Researchers from University of Hamburg discovered that solid rock exhibits fluid behavior during massive impacts, forming craters in just minutes. The findings support the acoustic fluidization hypothesis and have significant implications for understanding large impact crater formation across our solar system.
The IASLC affirms the strength of evidence supporting lung cancer screening, reducing mortality by 26-61% in high-risk populations. The organization recommends implementing global lung cancer screening programs, incorporating multidisciplinary teams and best-practice smoking cessation.
Researchers identified a link between chromatin, transcription factors, and gene activation patterns in cancer. They found that specific mutations in chromatin can lead to changes in gene activity, driving cancer growth and development. The study provides new insights into cancer biology and potential treatments.
A new review highlights growing evidence that universal thyroid testing in early pregnancy can reduce obstetric complications and safeguard fetal brain development. However, the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment must be carefully considered to avoid unwarranted patient anxiety and potential harm.
Scientists have discovered three distinct growth modes in lithium metal anodes: whiskers, surface growth, and dendrites. These growths are influenced by competing reactions between the electrolyte and metal deposits. The study's findings suggest that controlling these growth modes is crucial for building reliable batteries.
A new study from Monash University and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre has found a previously overlooked group of obese individuals may be at risk of developing deadly liver cancer. The research explains how obesity is linked to liver cancer, with current screening guidelines potentially missing these high-risk patients.
Researchers uncover two new species of gigantic subterranean campodeid diplurans in Japan, one measuring over 10mm in length and named after the giant yökai creature Daidarabotchi. The discovery sheds light on the physical connection between Asia and America via a genus previously unknown in Japan.
Researchers at the University of Virginia have developed a new approach to understand the interactions between trillions of microbes in the human body. By combining computer simulations and laboratory experiments, they were able to shed light on how microorganisms influence human health and disease.
The study reveals that local auxin production in plant roots is crucial for maintaining healthy roots and preventing degeneration. Auxin production must be made locally, as transported auxin cannot compensate for its absence in certain tissues, such as the root meristem.
Researchers at the University of California - Davis are working to improve chicken breeds with enhanced resistance to Newcastle disease and heat stress through genomic analysis. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry aims to protect chickens from deadly diseases in Africa and worldwide.
A new study found that people tend to overestimate the benefits and underestimate the risks of various medical procedures. In a hypothetical scenario, participants were asked to rate their likelihood of experiencing benefits or side effects of different treatments, revealing an average perception of benefit higher than the midpoint, wh...
A team of evolutionary biologists discovered the genetic basis for the repeated evolution of color patterns, specifically horizontal stripes, in East-African cichlid fishes. The study found that a specific gene, agrp2, is responsible for the emergence and loss of stripes, making repeated evolution possible within a short period.
A new study by Gregory Fu and his team demonstrates a method for creating molecules with only one handedness using abundant, inexpensive materials. This technique can make the discovery and synthesis of bioactive compounds like pharmaceuticals less expensive and time-consuming.
A clinical trial showed that low-phosphorus diets and medication can decrease FGF23 levels in hemodialysis patients. This reduction decreases the risk of cardiovascular problems and increases life expectancy.
Scientists at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg have isolated a membrane protein from E. coli bacteria and shed light on its molecular structure. The study reveals how the bacterium manages to rid itself of antibiotics by using a pump mechanism, providing insights into the development of resistance.
Pediatric kidney transplant recipients face worsening long-term survival disparities, despite overall improvement in patient survival from 1995 to 2014. Racial/ethnic differences persist, with Black children at highest risk of death compared to White and Hispanic counterparts.
Researchers discover cerebellum's involvement in higher-order cognition, including attention, thinking, planning, and decision-making. The cerebellum was found to be responsible for quality control over thoughts and actions, with 80% of its networks devoted to these functions.
A study by University of Colorado researchers found genetic variants in the FUT2 gene increase the risk of recurrent or chronic middle ear infections in children. The variants affect the microbiome of the middle ear, making it more susceptible to specific bacteria.
Researchers at Yale University found that progestin-therapy effectiveness depends on PR status in endometriotic lesions. Women with PR-positive lesions respond better to therapy, while those with PR-negative lesions find little relief. This study suggests a personalized approach to treating endometriosis may be more effective.