The Center for Sub-Cellular Genomics will develop new technologies to measure genomics elements at the scale of sub-cellular structures in single cells. This may enable new insights into neurogenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as autism and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that coral bleaching doubles the mortality rate of disease-resistant staghorn coral genotypes. Maintaining genetic diversity is crucial to prevent further loss in the Florida Reef Tract ecosystem.
A study found a clear geographical split in opioid prescribing in England, with the North showing higher rates of chronic pain, anxiety, and poor general health. Opioid use was linked to intensity of pain, educational attainment, and general health, highlighting the need for alternative pain management strategies.
A large study found that commencing treatment for sleep apnea after a stroke significantly improves speech impairment, neurological symptoms, and physical functioning. The diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea with CPAP therapy provides benefits greater than the FDA-approved drug treatment for stroke.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed nanoparticle coatings that increase the sensitivity of photodetectors to UV radiation, enabling the detection of rare events and potential insights into neutrino oscillations. These enhanced detectors could also be used to enhance visible light in dim environments.
Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) have multiple identities during muscle regeneration, driving symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Targeting FAPs with defined markers may prevent fibrosis and promote regeneration.
A global observational study found that consuming three servings of dairy per day is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The study's findings support the potential benefits of dairy consumption for mortality and cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in low-income countries.
Research suggests that early life stress can lead to increased levels of 'danger' molecules, which can overwhelm the body's natural system and cause chronic inflammation. This can ultimately result in a host of health problems, including cardiovascular disease.
A research team at the University of Turku discovered a link between HOXB13 and CIP2A genes and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. The simultaneous expression of these two gene variants predisposes men to get prostate cancer earlier in life and stimulates tumor formation.
A study by Durham University found that industry-certified particle masks are most effective at protecting people from volcanic ash, while surgical masks offer less protection. The study also showed that cloth materials like bandanas and T-shirts provide very poor filtration.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel colour-generation mechanism in the 'rainbow' weevil, which could lead to the creation of cosmetics with purer hues and digital displays with true colours from any angle. The mechanism is composed of three-dimensional crystalline structures made from chitin that control both size and volume f...
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center identified the enzyme cyclophilin A as a potential target for treating breast cancer. By inhibiting this enzyme, they were able to slow or halt the growth of breast cancer cells. The discovery builds on previous work and holds promise for rapid development of novel therapies.
NETenergy will commercialize its hybrid thermal energy storage technology to reduce cooling costs in commercial buildings. The $500,000 grant from the DOE will help construct a hybrid HVAC prototype and develop it for commercialization.
Scientists from the University of Luxembourg have identified a molecular mechanism responsible for colon cancer cell spread and metastasis. A small molecule cluster, miR-371~373, was found to regulate colon cancer metastasis in aggressive, fast-growing cancer cells. Reactivation of this cluster slowed down metastatic cell growth.
Researchers discovered that mice lacking a key gene, CMAH, can run stronger and longer with less fatigue. This gene loss may have contributed to humanity's ability to run long distances relatively tirelessly.
Tropical Depression Paul is moving westward, with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph. The depression is expected to weaken into a remnant low on Wednesday due to stable air and cooler sea surface temperatures.
A new study of 96 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) found that those experiencing stress have higher levels of cancerous cells and cytokines in their blood. The researchers also discovered a link between stress and disease severity, even after controlling for other factors.
Researchers have identified an unusual biosynthetic pathway in bacteria that can produce a key feature of a phosphonate compound, which has antifungal properties. By deciphering this process, scientists aim to accelerate the search for new natural products with potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
A 10-year US study found the highest Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infection incidence in the South and among children under 5. Antimicrobial resistance rates were also highest, with 88% of isolates susceptible to all tested antimicrobials.
A new study from UC Berkeley Haas School of Business uses computational models to analyze how people treat others differently based on stereotypes. Researchers found that variations in perceived traits translate to differences in treatment, with warmer groups receiving more than competent ones.
The Suomi NPP satellite provided a visible image of Hurricane Helene's eye on September 10, measuring approximately 20 nautical miles in width. The storm showed signs of strengthening with strong thunderstorms and cold cloud tops before expected weakening on September 12.
Mothers with elevated blood glucose during pregnancy were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes a decade after giving birth. Children born to mothers with high blood glucose also had a higher risk of obesity, even when adjusted for the mother's BMI.
Researchers have successfully conducted a Phase I clinical trial in China, showing that stem cells extracted from baby teeth can regrow dental tissue, promoting healthy root development and increased blood flow. The treatment has been found safe and effective, with patients regaining sensation in their injured teeth.
A study of 1,826 adolescents found that higher current total activity was associated with lower VLDL and triglycerides, while longer-term activity showed similar results. The findings suggest that it's never too late to benefit from physical activity, but maintaining regular engagement is key.
Scientists have detected the geodesic acoustic mode at two locations within an experimental fusion reactor for the first time. This new experimental setup will be a useful diagnostic tool for investigating zonal flows and their role in the L-H transition, crucial for regulating turbulence and particle transport.
Experts outperformed novices in robotic radical prostatectomy by completing the procedure faster, with fewer needle-driving attempts and less tissue trauma. A new training tutorial uses automated performance metrics to break down complex surgical steps into smaller, discrete parts.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute found sarcolipin increases muscle energy expenditure and fat oxidization by uncoupling calcium ion transporter SERCA activity. This leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and fat burning, potentially helping people with obesity and type 2 diabetes
The project aims to develop tools to learn experientially about the harmful effects of transmitted collective traumas and their impact on hatreds and vengeance. Local events will be organized to test experiential learning tools, bringing together students, teachers, and community members.
A new study found that mechanically ventilated patients treated with vasopressor medications have a higher risk of developing ICU-associated weakness. The use of beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulating vasopressors like norepinephrine was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of developing weakness.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz developed a technique to visualize and film the high-speed switching processes of tiny magnetic structures. This method enables researchers to investigate magnetization behavior with sub-nanosecond time resolution, opening up new possibilities for optimizing magnetic components.
Researchers developed a novel HTS assay and miniaturized it to identify small molecule modulators of GPR119, a promising target for treating type 2 diabetes. The study screened over 500,000 compounds and identified 200 modulators, paving the way for new treatments.
A four-year, $6 million project aims to reduce stalk lodging in corn and sorghum using mathematical modeling and innovative technology. The team plans to breed stronger plants that can withstand various environmental factors, potentially increasing global food production by up to a billion people.
Scientists at Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute have identified a potential strategy in fighting brain cancer by targeting a gene associated with circadian rhythms. Inhibiting this gene may inhibit cancer stem cells from renewing themselves and differentiating into glioblastoma cells.
A recent Finnish study found that adolescents with better aerobic fitness have more compliant arteries than their lower-fit peers, suggesting a link between anaerobic threshold and arterial stiffness. Regular physical activity starting in childhood may be the first line in preventing early arterial aging.
Researchers found that clots have different compositions and administering tPA can be as effective as thrombectomy given sufficient time. The study involved nearly 600 patients across five countries and provided definitive evidence on the value of giving patients tPA.
The study reveals that the extratropical circulation is less predictable than the tropical component due to large atmospheric internal variability. The connection between the EAP pattern and surface temperatures in eastern Russia can modulate the East Asian rainband, improving seasonal forecasts.
The new study reveals that different KRAS mutations have distinct effects on the KRAS protein's molecular-level function. The findings enhance understanding of cancer-causing mutations and may lead to the development of targeted drug therapies.
Researchers developed a DNA-based test to predict which patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at risk of relapse. The test can identify treatment-resistant cancer cells three weeks after transplantation, allowing for earlier therapeutic intervention.
A new study published in JAMA found that immediately reducing nicotine in cigarettes leads to more rapid positive public health effects, including decreased exposure to toxic chemicals and increased smoke-free days. However, smokers may experience more severe withdrawal symptoms during the transition.
A study led by Prof. Erich Bornberg-Bauer revealed that de novo genes constantly emerge in non-coding DNA regions and can occasionally acquire functions in organisms over longer periods of time.
Researchers identified a specific neural network that helps regulate babies' brain activity in response to pain, similar to adults. Greater functional connectivity within this network was found to lead to lower brain activity in response to painful stimuli.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are developing a system that combines drones with existing ride-sharing vehicles to provide synergetic delivery service. The goal is to reduce delivery costs by solving the complex problem of the 'last mile' of delivery, which accounts for 50% of all delivery costs.
A new virus has been discovered that may help combat invasive fire ants by reducing their foraging activity and altering their dietary preferences. However, this could also impact the efficacy of conventional chemical control methods.
Super Typhoon Mangkhut strengthened into a Category 4 storm with sustained winds of 155mph. The National Weather Service predicts further intensification to Category 5 by Wednesday and Thursday.
A new study reveals a strong association between back pain, smoking, drinking, anxiety, depression, and school absenteeism in adolescents. Researchers found that teens experiencing frequent back pain are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors and report mental health problems.
Renewable biofuels have huge potential, but two main challenges need to be overcome: developing efficient microbial cell factories and converting biomass into sugars. The study suggests that improving these processes could make biomass-derived hydrocarbons a real alternative to fossil fuels.
Researchers created a 3D lung cell model system to investigate how carbon-based combustion byproducts interact with human epithelial tissue. The study found that charged particles tend to stick together before penetrating the gas-exchange barrier, while neutrally charged nanodots pass through the tissue more easily.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan have discovered that TEMPO, a well-known artificial anti-oxidant, is significantly more effective than nature's best option, vitamin E. The study found that TEMPO can convert free radicals to harmless molecules up to 100 times faster than vitamin E in certain environments.
The study reveals 21 new parasitoid wasp species, updating the genus count to 27 and providing a systematic revision. The wasps' unique characteristics, such as large size and vivid coloration, suggest they likely parasitize orthopterans like grasshoppers and crickets.
Researchers developed a model that predicts black carbon's direct radiative effect with high accuracy, considering particle size and mixing state. The study finds that accurately describing these factors is crucial to understanding black carbon's contribution to climate change.
Tropical peatlands have a natural biochemical defense mechanism that resists decay, even in warming temperatures and droughts. This mechanism is stabilized by high levels of aromatic compounds, which create a barrier protecting the peat from oxidation.
A recent study published in Open Heart reveals that UK heart failure patients are significantly more likely to die than their Japanese counterparts, with mortality rates being nearly twice as high. The disparity persists even after accounting for differences in patient severity and risk factors.
Researchers at University of Houston develop synthetic compound that inhibits two major pathways of pancreatic cancer. The drug, MA242, targets NFAT1 and MDM2, reducing tumor growth and progression.
Researchers found employees with a criminal record stayed in their sales or customer service roles on average 19 days longer than those without. They also discovered that some employers may benefit from hiring workers with a record, as these individuals can provide valuable labor for less cost.
A study from 2000-2017 found that active shooter incidents involving semiautomatic rifles resulted in a significantly higher number of wounded and killed individuals compared to those without semiautomatic rifles. Semiautomatic rifles were used in approximately 25% of the shootings, resulting in 898 people being wounded and 718 deaths.
Researchers developed a new framework combining three methods to find large DNA mutations in cancer cells. The approach reveals how these mutations contribute to cancer development and can help predict effective treatment plans.
Researchers discovered that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants interact with nuclear DNA mutations to determine the severity of heart disease in mice. Different mtDNA variants conferred either worsened or protected heart damage, suggesting a key role for mtDNA in cardiomyopathy progression.
Engineers at the University of British Columbia have developed a new ultrasound transducer that could lower costs to as low as $100. The device uses tiny vibrating drums made of polymer resin, reducing manufacturing costs.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a method to transform video content into another style, enabling applications like movie production and self-driving cars. The technique uses generative adversarial networks and incorporates temporal information to produce high-quality results.
A study by San Diego State University researchers found that about 1 percent of 9 and 10-year-old children surveyed self-identified as gay, bisexual or transgender. The study, utilizing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset, provides unprecedented insight into early identity development.
C. David Allis and Michael Grunstein receive the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award for discovering histone modifications influence gene expression. John B. Glen wins the Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for developing propofol, a widely used anesthesia agent.
Researchers have successfully mapped the orange clownfish's genome using high-tech sequencing tools, creating a comprehensive genetic blueprint. The completed genome contains over 26,000 protein-coding genes and will aid in understanding reef fish biology, sex change, larval dispersal, and ocean acidification impacts.
A Baylor University study found that bereaved children whose late mothers were very religious are likely to be less religious after their mother's death. In contrast, children whose late mothers placed no importance on religion are more likely to become religious, particularly in prayer and importance of faith.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo developed a computational tool that can learn from headcam footage to predict where the user's focus will next be targeted. This approach combines visual saliency with gaze prediction, achieving better results than existing methods.
Researchers at Washington State University developed a new nanoparticle system that targets infections to release antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents. This breakthrough technology aims to improve treatment for sepsis and bacterial infections by reducing the spread of bacteria and inflammation.
A Montana State University study examines 35 ecological vital signs in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, finding increased human population and density, as well as a changing climate, are affecting its overall health. The research also highlights opportunities for citizen scientists to gather data and contribute to ecosystem assessments.
A new test predicts advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients, accurately identifying 92% of those at risk. The tool uses the PRO-C3 biological marker and combines it with clinical information for highly accurate results.
A study by Gemma Scholes and colleagues found that newborn babies with congenital heart disease tend to have significantly enlarged kidneys. This contradicts previous assumptions about organ development in these infants. The type of congenital abnormality also influences kidney size, with some having larger or smaller than normal kidneys.
A new study from the University of Arizona found that transmasculine adolescents and nonbinary teens are at the greatest risk for attempting suicide. The research highlights the need for targeted suicide-prevention efforts, particularly among these vulnerable groups.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $16 million to 18 cross-disciplinary projects exploring the intersection of neural and cognitive systems. These innovative research approaches aim to tackle fundamental questions about the brain, developing new methods for studying neural activity and behavior.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new method of protecting artifacts by coating them with a single layer of graphene on top of metal leaves, doubling their protective quality. The technique, known as graphene gilding, offers enhanced mechanical resistance and cost-effectiveness.
NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captures Tropical Storm Barijat as a small and disorganized system with developing thunderstorms. The storm is forecast to steadily weaken after moving over southern China's Leizhou Peninsula.
Untreated gestational diabetes after pregnancy is associated with development of glucose metabolism disorders in mothers, but not childhood overweight/obesity. The study found that new criteria for gestational diabetes diagnosis may be relevant in assessing maternal risk.
Researchers found that EVL protein helps contain cancer cells within the original tumor site by regulating actin cytoskeleton, which may lead to combination treatments for patients with ER-positive tumors.
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist will join nationwide clinical trial networks, NeuroNEXT and NIH StrokeNet, to develop new treatments for neurological diseases and improve stroke prevention. The institution aims to enroll patients from historically underserved groups and make meaningful contributions to both networks.
A study in Japanese patients found that common genetic variations, including copy number variations (CNVs), underlie both autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. The researchers identified 12 CNV loci associated with these disorders and observed an overlap of pathogenic CNVs between the two conditions.
A new study found that Arctic tundra, particularly wetlands, acts as a net carbon sink, sequestering atmospheric CO2 through plant uptake and growth. The region's ability to absorb and store carbon makes it essential for determining the Arctic's role in climate change.
The American Gastroenterological Association has launched a new initiative to foster opportunities for underrepresented minorities in gastroenterology research and career development. The program aims to provide training, mentoring, and leadership skills to promote diversity in the field.
Researchers will develop AR experiences varying in visual immersion and interactivity to understand their impact on learning and engagement. The project aims to dispel misconceptions using AR to provide additional information about the Tar Pits' history and discoveries.
Clostridium difficile produces p-cresol to control intestinal microbiota and confer fitness advantage over natural protective bacteria. This compound may provide a novel drug target for reducing C. difficile infection.
A standardized protocol for FRET has been established, enabling precise measurement of distances within biomolecules. This breakthrough methodology can overcome size and stability limitations of other structural biology methods, leading to targeted drug development and new research opportunities.
Researchers found that nasal cells have a stronger antiviral response, while lung cells have a stronger defense against oxidative stress. This trade-off can make individuals more susceptible to rhinovirus infection when exposed to another stressor like cigarette smoke.
A new bacterial strain, Staphylococcus cornubiensis, has been identified from a skin infection in Cornwall. The strain is genetically unique and likely belongs to the Staphylococcus intermedius group, which is also associated with pets.
A new study from Binghamton University found that benevolent leadership styles have a positive impact on employee performance, while authoritarian leadership has negative effects. The researchers discovered that showing compassion to employees motivates them to be better workers and increases job satisfaction.
Katsuya Shimizu received the prize for his discovery of superconductivity in non-superconducting elements under high pressures with a Tc up to 29K. The Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston sponsors the award, recognizing outstanding contributions to the field.
Scientists have developed a method to create human lung organoids from embryonic stem cells, which can develop into mature alveolar type 1 and 2 cells. The study demonstrates the potential for these organoids to model human lung development, providing new insights into the disease.
A new study suggests that Functional Family Therapy (FFT), a widely used treatment for troubled young people, may not be as effective as claimed. The review of existing research found mixed quality evidence and high rates of reoffending with FFT.
Hurricane Olivia is expected to bring heavy rainfall and strong winds to the Hawaiian Islands as it moves towards the state. The storm's cloud tops have temperatures near minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit, capable of generating heavy rainfall.
A team of researchers has characterized the fates of individual phagocytes in the central nervous system, revealing that they can switch between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. This discovery sheds light on the complex role of mononuclear phagocytes in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
A study found that patients with higher continuity with their prescribing physician received fewer risky opioid prescriptions and were less likely to be hospitalized for opioid-related causes. However, long-term opioid use was associated with lower continuity scores than other medications, highlighting the need for improved prescribing...
A recent study published in Nature Energy found that people in wealthy countries are less concerned about the reliability and affordability of their energy supplies. The research, which analyzed data from over 44,000 people across Europe, highlights the importance of including economic and social factors in energy security policy.
Scientists from TUM discovered that individual nerve cells create parallel connections to three areas of the brain, establishing feedback loops that reinforce salient stimuli while suppressing others. This automatic attention control mechanism is also shared by humans, revealing insights into perception and consciousness.
Tropical Storm Isaac's circulation center has shifted away from the bulk of clouds and precipitation, indicating wind shear is at play. NASA satellite data reveals a vertically stacked system of rotating winds, with wind shear pushing against the storm, weakening its rotation and balance.
A beetle that tricks bees into carrying it into their nests has adapted its deceptions to local hosts, according to research. The larvae of the beetle lure male digger bees with chemical signals mimicking female sex pheromones, allowing them to feed on bee eggs and provisions.
Jessica Metcalf, a microbe scientist at Colorado State University, has been awarded an early-career grant to study the impact of lifestyle changes and antibiotics on the human gut microbiome. Her research aims to understand how these factors shape the microbiome and its role in human health.
The study found that less food energy at depth makes it difficult for microbes to decompose organic carbon deposits, creating an underground storehouse. As a result, carbon is more likely to be stored long-term due to slower decomposition rates.
A new study from the University of Missouri School of Medicine reveals that more than half of women with breast cancer are now receiving their diagnosis over the phone. The researchers found a significant shift in diagnosis delivery method since 2007, when approximately 25 percent of patients learned about their diagnosis via phone.
Using fMRI scans, University of Pennsylvania researchers found that people who donated a kidney to an anonymous recipient were more sensitive to a stranger's fear and pain, with activation in the anterior insula brain region. This study provides the first clear link between real-world altruism and empathy for the pain of strangers.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed a groundbreaking new treatment for tuberculosis (TB), targeting the bacteria's defenses rather than killing it directly. The compound shows promise in animal studies, offering hope for a more effective and less toxic treatment option.
Researchers have discovered how the biophysical properties of rotavirus particles account for their functions, which could lead to novel antiviral strategies. The study provides a detailed understanding of the interactions between protein shells, enabling the development of new treatments against infection.
NASA's Aqua satellite observed Hurricane Florence undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, which may lead to increased rainfall and storm intensity. The storm is expected to make landfall in North Carolina or South Carolina on Thursday, September 13, with severe weather warnings already in effect.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have discovered that Clostridium difficile toxins penetrate intestinal cells by exploiting a protein called TRiC. Blocking or inhibiting TRiC can prevent cell poisoning, offering potential new strategies for combating these bacterial infections.
New research reveals genetic differences in skeletal muscle receptors contribute to varying responses to exercise, increasing risk of future high blood pressure.
A new study by Centre for Addiction and Mental Health suggests that an inhaled form of a high blood pressure medication may treat certain types of anxiety as well as pain. The treatment uses a short-acting nasal spray called amiloride, which targets physiological changes in brain functioning linked to anxiety and pain sensitivity.
A new study conducted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia found that high-efficiency particulate arresting (HEPA) air purifiers can decrease fine particulate matter by 29% and lead to babies weighing up to 85 grams more at term. The results provide further evidence of the negative impact of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth.
Researchers at Insilico Medicine developed an Entangled Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder (ECAAE) that generates molecular structures based on various properties. The generated molecule demonstrated high activity and selectivity against a specific protein, laying the foundation for AI-powered drug discovery.
A study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology found that delayed childbearing is a significant contributor to the increase in multiple births in the US. Older women are more likely to have twins, triplets, and quadruplets, with risks increasing by three to six times depending on age and ethnicity.
Researchers sequenced ancient genomes from two 6th-century cemeteries in Hungary and Italy, shedding light on the lives of Longobard communities. The study found a strong relationship between genetic background and material culture, suggesting that these communities were aware of their differences and it influenced their social identity.
Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, and other institutions have developed a new method using deep machine learning to simulate cloud physics. The approach achieved stable and accurate multiyear simulations that included realistic precipitation extremes and tropical waves.