Scientists have developed a non-invasive technique using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to study the layers of paint in rock art. This allows for the analysis of pictographs without causing damage to the artwork, revealing complex patterns and elemental makeup of pigments.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identified a relationship between maize crop yield and genetic activity associated with the RAMOSA3 gene. The discovery suggests that the gene may be 'moonlighting' with a hidden activity controlling branching.
A University of Rhode Island scientist has determined the temperature at the boundary of the Moon's core and mantle, finding it to be between 1,130 and 1,470 degrees Celsius. This discovery will help create a temperature profile through the Moon, allowing researchers to better understand its internal structure, composition, and evolution.
Researchers found that combining adavosertib with irinotecan, navitoclax or capecitabine increased its effectiveness against pancreatic cancer. The study aimed to identify new combinations of drugs to enhance adavosertib's effect.
This article discusses the latest research on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in spine surgery, highlighting new operative techniques, anesthetic methods, and full ERAS protocols. Key findings include reduced length of stay, decreased complication rates, and improved patient satisfaction.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found that tobacco use creates a field of precancerous cells that fertilize nearby cancer cells, enabling them to grow and resist therapy. The research suggests that these precancerous cells provide fuel through EGFR ligands, allowing cancer cells to bypass PI3K inhibition.
Researchers analyzed 13 UV filters, including oxybenzone and octinoxate, in seawater, sediment, and coral tissues near Hawaiian coral reefs. The study found low concentrations of oxybenzone, but no octinoxate, and revealed surfactant degradation products in seawater that may impact corals.
Federal prosecutors declined to pursue cases in about one quarter of all instances, with violent and drug cases being more likely to be dropped. The study found differences in decisions based on defendant characteristics, such as gender and race, as well as offense types.
Physicists propose a novel method to produce robust Majorana fermions in magnetic materials with different phase boundaries. This could lead to the creation of stable qubits for quantum computers, addressing limitations of current technology. The team plans to experimentally verify their findings using engineered systems.
A study published in Economics & Human Biology found that pregnant women who commute at least 50 miles to work are at a higher risk of having low-birth-weight babies. The longer the commute, the greater the risk. Long commutes also led to under-use of prenatal care, which could exacerbate birth outcomes.
Research reveals marine reserves increase predation rates, protecting predators that were heavily fished by humans, leading to greater impacts on prey species. The analysis highlights the importance of considering ecological processes in reserve design and management.
Early results from the UNITY-NHL phase II clinical trial show umbralisib to be highly active against relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma, with a 55% partial or complete response rate and 71% progression-free survival at 12 months.
Researchers have discovered a compound that can convert RNA building blocks into DNA building blocks, challenging the popular 'RNA World' hypothesis. This finding suggests that early life forms may have used both RNA and DNA, contrary to the prevailing view that they arose separately.
Researchers have confirmed the presence of Telenomus remus, an egg parasitoid that could be a vital tool in fighting fall armyworm in Africa. The species has been shown to provide full control of fall armyworm with an 80-100 percent parasitism rate.
A recent study found a gene variant in the SGK3 gene causing hairlessness in Scottish Deerhounds. The defect results in puppies born with thin fur that loses all their hair in weeks. This discovery may also provide insights into human non-hormonal baldness, as the SGK3 gene is also associated with early hair loss and baldness.
A team of researchers found that the creation of effective technologies depends on cultural processes, such as copying and iteration, rather than individual understanding. This challenges the traditional view that humans' intelligence is the primary driver of technological innovation.
A new study warns London cyclists of high black carbon levels on main routes during evening commutes, recommending alternative routes with green infrastructure. The research found that cyclists exposed to the dirtiest air suffered twice as much pollution as those taking a cleaner route.
A new Northwestern Medicine study found that an hour of weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can help older adults maintain their independence and reduce the risk of mobility disability by 85%. The study also showed that this amount of exercise can lower the risk of activities of daily living disability by almost 45%.
A study analyzed biomarkers in bird feces from pond sediment cores to reconstruct seaduck population changes throughout the 20th century. The analysis revealed long-term declines in seaducks across colonies facing high hunting pressure, likely linked to Inuit community relocation and gun introduction.
A phase I clinical trial and FDA expanded access program show LOXO-195, a next-generation TRK inhibitor, is safe and effective in patients with NTRK gene fusions resistant to first-generation TRK inhibitors. The study found that LOXO-195 induced responses in patients whose tumors had acquired specific mutations.
Researchers discover how bacteria evolve mutations that confer antibiotic resistance and find a way to inhibit this process with FDA-approved drug edaravone. The study reveals that low doses of ciprofloxacin induce DNA breaks, leading to mutations in bacterial populations.
A study by University of British Columbia researchers found that one in ten Canadians prefer open relationships, with 12% reporting this as their ideal type. Despite the prevalence, stigma and difficulty discussing preferences may deter individuals from pursuing these relationships.
The largest study of childhood cancer after IVF found that IVF babies are at a higher risk of certain cancers, particularly hepatic tumors. The study did not find any association between IVF and an increased risk of other specific cancers.
A Jurassic fossil find reveals that insects began serving as pollinators before the emergence of flowering plants. The ancient fly's proboscis was used to access sugary secretions in ancient gymnosperms, laying the foundation for pollination mutualism.
Researchers at University of Cologne create one-dimensional wire to witness behavior of trapped electrons. They discover two sets of standing waves, representing spin density and charge density waves, a phenomenon predicted by Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory.
A Swedish review of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data shows compression-only CPR increased six-fold and doubled the chance of survival, compared to no CPR. Bystander CPR rates nearly doubled over an 18-year period, with patients receiving standard or hands-only CPR being two times more likely to survive 30 days.
Teng Zhang's NSF CAREER Award will support his research on interface mechanics in soft materials, aiming to develop better materials for wound healing, biological joint diagnosis, and underwater adhesives. The award also enables educational outreach and the integration of modeling simulation tools into Syracuse University's curriculum.
A new study has found that 58% of people displaced following the civil war in Sri Lanka have suffered from mental health problems. The research, led by Dr Shannon Doherty at Anglia Ruskin University, also highlights the significant unmet mental health needs in the region.
Researchers have uncovered ancient ritual offerings near Lake Titicaca that pre-date the arrival of the Incas by several centuries. The findings suggest a more complex and ambitious spiritual system among the Tiwanaku people, who developed in the area between 500-1,100 AD.
A new study by University of Pittsburgh researchers has identified a previously unknown mechanism used by tumors to suppress the immune system. The study found that tumors use two types of immune cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), to release inhibitory cytokines, which activate a protein called BLIMP1 and disable killer T cells.
The anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab showed promising antitumor activity with durable responses in patients with pretreated, advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The study found an objective response rate of 19.3% and a median progression-free survival of 2 months.
Scientists have developed edible antibodies that can survive digestion and reach the gut, offering an alternative to traditional treatments. The technology has potential applications in fighting gut infections, treating inflammatory disorders, and preventing diarrhea in pigs and humans.
A phase III clinical trial found gilteritinib superior to standard chemotherapy in improving overall survival for patients with relapsed or refractory AML harboring a FLT3 mutation. Gilteritinib's relatively low toxicity enables outpatient management, shifting the treatment paradigm.
Researchers have found that water accelerates the conversion rate of furfural by a factor of two to three. The presence of water enables hydrogenation to occur in the liquid phase instead of on the catalyst surface.
A UCL-led study found that engaging households in evidence-based face-to-face workshops increases long-term disaster preparedness. Households that received training showed significant improvements in safety measures such as securing objects and having functioning smoke detectors.
Scientists found that platelets play a key role in the development of fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Blocking platelet function or attaching to specific molecular sites may help prevent the condition.
A recent study found that climate change can have long-lasting negative impacts on dolphin populations, with a 12% decrease in survival rate following a heatwave in Shark Bay, Western Australia. The researchers also observed fewer births among female dolphins, which persisted for at least six years.
A new study estimates that air pollution from corn production causes 4,300 premature deaths in the US each year, resulting in a monetized cost of $39 billion. The health damages vary by region, with some areas experiencing greater damage than their market price.
Scientists have discovered a new method to control icing on next-generation aircraft using plasma actuators. The technology can transfer heat locally while mixing well with incoming airflow, preventing stress on composite materials. Researchers tested three configurations of actuators in high-speed cameras and infrared thermal imaging.
A Phase II trial at MD Anderson Cancer Center showed umbralisib to be an effective treatment for patients with relapsed marginal zone lymphoma, achieving a 55% partial or complete response rate. The drug was well-tolerated, with a 71% progression-free survival after one year.
Heavy drinking during adolescence reduces brain growth in male and female rhesus monkeys, affecting white matter and thalamus development. Research supports potential link to problematic drinking later in life.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have developed a way to combine multiple skyrmions into 'skyrmion bags' that can store and transfer data more efficiently. This breakthrough technology has the potential to increase data storage capacity, reduce power consumption, and pave the way for next-generation computing devices.
The use of medically assisted death (MAID) has resulted in ethical concerns over body donations to anatomy programs in Canada. McMaster University's head of anatomy, Bruce Wainman, argues that guidelines are needed to ensure respectful treatment of MAID donors and avoid pressuring vulnerable individuals into donation.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a technique to transform copper into a material that mimics properties of gold and silver. The new medium, made of copper nanoparticles, has applications in the production of electronic devices and is suitable for environmentally friendly printing technologies.
Researchers found signature of 16 disease-related microbial species associated with colorectal cancer and identified Fusobacterium nucleatum and choline trimethylamine-lyase gene in fecal samples. The study paves the way for non-invasive predictive tests for different populations.
New research published in CMAJ found a higher risk of severe maternal complications after cesarean delivery, particularly among women aged 35 and older. Women under 35 had 1.5 times the odds of complications, while those over 35 had almost twice as high odds.