Researchers found that mice's visual capability changes between day and night due to their internal clock, not eye changes. They used a maze experiment to study how the circadian rhythm influences behavior and nerve signals in the retina.
Researchers have identified an unusual hepatitis B virus in shrews, which lacks a key protein essential for chronic infection. This discovery offers new insights into the disease's pathogenesis and may lead to the development of effective treatments.
Daily injections of patient autoantibodies in mice with injured paws led to increased pain sensitivity and microglial activation in brain regions. Blocking interleukin-1 receptors prevented or reversed these effects, suggesting an autoimmune contribution to CRPS development.
Researchers developed DASH materials that exhibit metabolism, self-assembly, and organization - key traits of life. The biomaterial autonomously emerges from nanoscale building blocks, grows, and decays, allowing it to perpetuate dynamic processes.
Researchers have discovered a much larger transverse figure of merit in topological semimetals compared to their longitudinal counterparts. This is attributed to the coexistence of electrons and holes contributing additively and high charge mobility without lattice imperfections.
A new study published in Frontiers in Marine Science found that eDNA (environmental DNA) can identify more species of marine vertebrates than traditional trawl nets. The research team collected water samples and analyzed the DNA to detect the presence of important species such as great white sharks and salmon.
Researchers found that individuals with objective subtle cognitive difficulties accumulated amyloid protein faster than cognitively normal individuals, even before symptoms appeared. This suggests that sensitive neuropsychological measures can detect subtle cognitive changes earlier in the disease process.
Researchers have successfully tested a new immunotherapy approach that targets brain plaque and tau protein aggregates linked to Alzheimer's disease. The treatment, developed using a combination of vaccines, shows promise for preventing dementia in humans within two years.
NASA's Suomi NPP satellite provided a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Sarai, showing a weaker storm near Tonga. The storm is rapidly weakening and dissipating under adverse atmospheric conditions.
Researchers have made significant progress in generating functional hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Key findings include the role of transcription factors HOX and GATA proteins in regulating hematopoiesis, which may lead to breakthroughs in treating blood cancers and other disorders.
The study reveals that different classes of neurons control positive and negative motivation, sending opposing signals along a shared brain circuit. This balance determines whether an individual seeks pleasurable experiences or avoids negative ones.
Researchers found that treatment with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine wipes significantly reduced parentally acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in NICU babies. The study suggests a simple strategy to reduce the spread of deadly bacteria in hospitals.
Scientists at Institut Pasteur and CNRS identified molecules capable of inhibiting DNA methylation, killing even the most resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The results showed significant activity comparable to chloroquine, with some inhibitors killing parasites in just 6 hours.
Tropical Storm Calvinia has moved south of the island of Mauritius in the Southern Indian Ocean, with a tropical cyclone warning class III still in effect. The storm is expected to turn southeast and strengthen to 65 knots, eventually becoming extra-tropical after January 1.
Researchers in a new study employ RNA sequencing techniques to classify brain cells in crabs, finding that single-method approaches yield inaccurate results. By combining multiple modalities of data, they reveal more accurate cell identities.
A new study reveals that human noroviruses infect small intestine cells by piggybacking on endocytosis, a normal process used to acquire materials from the environment. Bile acids and ceramide play a crucial role in this process.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic tested a new injection method for delivering gene therapy vectors directly into the kidney, outperforming traditional intravenous injections. The study found that direct injections were superior to intravenous injections and had fewer off-target effects.
Researchers propose that phosphate-rich lakes can support life due to concentrated phosphates. Carbonate-rich lake environments provide the necessary conditions for biomolecule formation, overcoming a major obstacle to life's origin.
Simulations suggest a 15% chance of a temporary slowdown or pause in the North Atlantic Current within the next 100 years. The current's collapse is considered unlikely due to non-linear behavior and rapid changes in precipitation.
Arup K. SenGupta, a renowned expert in water technology, has received the second Fulbright research fellowship to collaborate with Indian Institute of Technology in Guwahati. His work focuses on implementing Hybrid Ion Exchange Nanotechnology (HIX-Nano) to transform wastewater into usable water.
A team of scientists studied grizzly bears' muscles during hibernation and found that they produce non-essential amino acids, which can stimulate cell growth. This discovery could lead to the development of new methods to prevent and treat muscle atrophy in humans.
A study finds La Niña is associated with cooler temperatures, increased rainfall, and higher flooding in Botswana, leading to a 30% increase in under-5 diarrhea incidence. This could lead to an early-warning system to prepare for periods of high diarrhea cases.
A new study from Penn Medicine found that direct-to-consumer hormone-based fertility tests for women are both empowering and confusing. The tests, which estimate egg supply or 'ovarian reserve,' are marketed as an accessible option for investigating fertility status but do not predict natural conception.
Researchers found people with subtle thinking and memory differences had faster amyloid accumulation and thinner brain regions compared to those with normal skills. The study challenges the long-held theory that beta-amyloid is the first sign of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that combining valproic acid and hydralazine reversed some aspects of breast cancer in offspring of high-risk mice, but increased risk in those not fed a high fat diet during pregnancy. The study suggests potential implications for breast cancer risk in humans, particularly related to prenatal exposure to certain chem...
Research on fossilized fish from the late Devonian period details the evolution of fins as they began to transition into limbs. The study used CT scanning to examine fin shape and structure, constructing digital 3D models that allowed researchers to infer how fins worked and changed.
A study by researchers at UC San Francisco found that fewer than half of California pharmacies provided correct disposal instructions for antibiotics and opioids. Only 10% followed the FDA's recommended takeback programs. Improving disposal practices requires better education and expanded programs to ensure patient safety.
A new study finds that certain lakes with high concentrations of phosphate could have supplied the key ingredient for life to emerge on early Earth. The discovery solves a long-standing problem in origin-of-life research and suggests that lakes with carbonate-rich waters may have played a crucial role in creating life.
Stemphylium leaf blight has emerged as the most dominant foliar disease in New York onion crops, causing lesions that lead to loss of green leaf area and potentially affecting bulb size and quality. The re-emergence of SLB is attributed to fungicide resistance, leading to its removal from commercial production.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that specialized cells use a process more common in non-mammalian species to create hundreds of cilia, challenging the long-held assumption that deuterosomes play a central role. This discovery could lead to new treatments for cilia-related disorders.
Researchers estimate that glacier lake outburst floods (GLOF) could reach peak discharges of up to 15,600 cubic meters per second, posing a major threat to rivers and communities in the region. The study highlights the importance of monitoring lake levels and historic outbursts in determining GLOF hazard.
Research reveals Pacific Ocean infiltration into the Southern Ocean around 6,000-7,000 years ago, possibly due to weakened westerly winds. This finding may signal potential impacts of climate change on the region.
Recent fossil discoveries revealed three evolutionary patterns on the Tibetan Plateau: local endemism, out-of-Tibet dispersal, and intercontinental exchange. These patterns reflect the biological responses to tectonic uplift and its impact on biota globally.
Tropical Cyclone Calvinia formed on Dec 29 and covered the island of Mauritius with bands of thunderstorms by Dec 30. The storm's organized shape indicated a high level of organization.
A study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that closing of local automotive assembly plants is associated with an increase in opioid overdose deaths. The study highlights fading economic opportunity as a driving factor in the national opioid epidemic.
Recent methodologies for generating hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reviewed. Techniques such as template, etching, and construction of composites enable the creation of multi-level pore structures. These advancements facilitate improved mass transfer and guest diffusion in MOF-based applications.
A new study reveals that American coot chicks' bright orange and red feathers are a result of maternal effect, with mothers putting more carotenoid pigments in later eggs. This trait helps parents choose the most colorful chick, which receives preferential feeding and has a higher chance of survival.
A recent study found that only 11% of California pharmacies have a drug take-back program, and even fewer provide accurate information on safe disposal methods. The lack of clear guidelines can lead to misuse and accidental poisonings, highlighting the need for improved education and resources.
Researchers found that pregnant women exposed to persistent organic pollutants had slightly smaller fetuses than those who were not exposed. The study analyzed ultrasound scans and blood samples from over 2,200 pregnant women, finding a significant association between exposure to POPs and reduced fetal growth.
Researchers at KAUST identified a key metabolite called anchorene that regulates plant anchor roots and promotes water and nutrient uptake. Increasing anchorene levels in deficient soil can rescue root growth in crops, increasing yields.
Tropical Storm Sarai continues to move further away from Fiji and towards Tonga, with rough surf, tropical storm force winds, and heavy rains expected for both islands. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center forecasts the storm will curve to the northeast and pass just north of Tonga and Niue over the next several days.
Researchers analyzed 208 plant species across various environmental factors, finding that all three factor types have similar effects on plant performance. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when predicting future biodiversity changes.
Researchers used MRI to assess neural activity in preterm infants and adults, finding similar patterns of interindividual variability in brain network activity. The study suggests that age-related increases in brain network variability may be linked to cortical maturation and expansion.
A study led by Scott Mackay finds that pines and junipers access water sources through their deep roots during prolonged dry spells. The research suggests that growing new roots takes too long to tap into deeper resources, helping conifers survive droughts.
A new study strengthens the link between vitamin E acetate and EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury), finding it in BAL fluid from 48 of 51 EVALI patients but not healthy individuals. The CDC analyzed samples from 16 states and compared them to 99 healthy individuals.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a way to prolong hot carrier lifetime in 2D perovskite solar materials, potentially increasing solar energy efficiency. The approach involves tuning the structure of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites to suppress hot carrier cooling mechanisms.
The study analyzed the correlation between happiness levels and Arab Spring protests, finding that countries with lower happiness levels were more likely to experience unrest. The researchers also discovered that GDP per capita had a weaker correlation with protest activity than initially thought.
Researchers observed two instances of puffin tool use: one on Skomer Island in 2014 and another on Grimsey Island in 2018. Puffins used wooden sticks to dislodge parasites or scratch their chests, which may have been more effective than using their beaks.
Four studies involving over 12,000 participants reveal a nuanced link between negative emotion and tobacco use. Sadness is reliably associated with current smoking and relapse rates, as well as impatience and puff volume.
A portfolio start-up company of the AIM-HI Accelerator Fund, ILCT is developing engineered therapeutic interleukins for cancer treatment. The grant will support collaboration with Virginia Commonwealth University towards development of its commercialization efforts.
Researchers have discovered a novel combination of antibodies that significantly enhances the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy, particularly in 'cold' tumors. The combination stabilizes tumor blood vessels and strengthens the immune system, leading to improved tumor tissue destruction.
A study by Bruce E. Lyon and Daizaburo Shizuka found that juvenile ornamentation in American coots helps parents determine which chicks will benefit most from care and nutrition. The researchers discovered that later-hatched, redder chicks received preferential treatment and increased food portions from their parents.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that children who consumed whole milk had a 40% lower odds of being overweight or obese compared to those who drank reduced-fat milk. This challenges current guidelines recommending reduced-fat cow milk for children.
Researchers studied geomagnetic imprinting in fruit flies using laboratory experiments. They found that the flies can learn and remember a magnetic field associated with a specific location and transmit this information to their offspring.
A growing number of Chinese researchers are returning to their homeland, contributing significantly to China's rising scientific prowess. Studies have shown that these foreign-trained researchers publish more high-impact research and collaborate with international partners upon their return.
Researchers at Skoltech and Heriot-Watt University developed a method to extract methane from permafrost hydrates by injecting flue gases, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic. The new technology also reduces carbon dioxide emissions by forming hydrates that replace original methane hydrates.
Researchers discovered that altruistic individuals experience less physical pain than controls. Brain activity scans revealed a correlation between altruism and decreased pain activity in the brain's medial prefrontal cortex.
Researchers compared Lisbon lemon and Washington Navel orange trees using metabolomics and microbiome technologies to understand HLB's impact on root systems. The study found differences in metabolite levels and beneficial bacteria between the two varieties, which may inform preventative and treatment measures.
Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS) delivers nanosecond pulsed electric fields to cells and tissues, inducing cell death in epidermal or dermal lesions without causing scarring. Researchers used NPS to treat skin lesions, including seborrheic keratosis and warts caused by human papilloma virus.
A study found that people who sleep 4 hours or less double their risk of pulmonary fibrosis and those who sleep 11 hours or more triple their chance. The researchers attribute this to the body clock and suggest targeting it as a potential target for treating the disease.