Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a novel genomics-based method to detect the simultaneous presence of hundreds of organisms in a stream. The study used water sampling for environmental DNA, capturing biodiversity and ecosystem health data from hundreds of organisms in a single sample.
A new study found that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be successful for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), regardless of whether they have hoarding symptoms. The presence of hoarding symptoms did not negatively impact treatment response to CBT in children and adolescents.
Scientists from SMU, UT Austin and Stanford University found that the majority of faults underlying the Fort Worth Basin are sensitive to forces that could cause them to slip. The new study provides fundamental information regarding earthquake hazard to the Dallas-Fort Worth region.
Researchers at UC San Francisco identified functionally distinct composite clusters of genes corresponding to synaptic transmission, metabolism, cell cycle, and immune response. These changes occurred extensively in AD patients and may help streamline clinical trials recruitment efforts.
Researchers demonstrate that even anonymized datasets can be traced back to individuals using machine learning. The study shows that allowing data to be used for AI training while preserving people's privacy requires more than de-identification techniques.
Researchers found that fat cells allow melanoma cells to penetrate the dermis and spread to vital organs. They discovered a way to block this transformation using therapies targeting cytokines and TGF beta.
Advanced MRI scans revealed differences in brain structure and function among US government personnel exposed to unusual sounds, pressure, or vibrations. The study found variations in white matter volume, gray matter regions, and functional connectivity in specific brain networks.
Scientists discover new subfamily of bioluminescent click beetles in Asia, with unique characteristics and multiple origins of bioluminescence. The discovery sheds new light on the evolution and geographic distribution of these insects.
Researchers have discovered a brain protein mutation associated with autism that alters behavior in mice, mimicking human autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The study suggests a potential mechanism underlying some of the altered behaviors observed in ASD.
A new study found that slower walking speeds are associated with a higher risk of developing mobility disabilities. Researchers measured participants' walking abilities and followed up with them over eight years to track the development of mobility issues. The findings suggest that simple walking speed assessments in healthcare provide...
Mount Sinai researchers have developed a novel vaccine consisting of DNA and recombinant proteins, which was tested in monkeys and induced antibodies similar to those associated with protection from HIV. The vaccine targets the V1V2 loop of the gp120 envelope protein and showed strong protective effects against HIV infection.
New studies published in Birth Defects Research suggest prenatal marijuana exposure may cause FASD-like impairments, including physical and behavioral changes. The research also reveals timing- and dose-dependent effects of alcohol exposure, as well as increased risk of serious suicide attempts among adolescents with FASD.
Researchers have created a new concept for self-assembling micromachines using dielectrophoresis, which enables components to find each other in an electric field. This technique has the potential to construct medical microrobots and laboratory devices on microchips.
Researchers found clinically relevant disease in 14% of patients with major depressive disorder, insomnia and suicidal thoughts. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea may improve symptoms of depression, suggesting comprehensive screening for the sleep problem should be included for treatment-resistant depression.
Research from Indiana University Kelley School of Business suggests that marketers can use local identity to shape consumers' price perceptions and behavior. Local products are often preferred over national brands due to perceived quality, while global brands may be favored in low-price categories.
A solar steam generation system has been developed to produce clean water from salty ocean water with almost 100 per cent salt removal, providing a solution to water shortages in regional areas. The technology uses photothermal materials and the power of the sun, achieving efficient and continuous clean water production.
Researchers analyzed physical activity features to identify patterns associated with different personality traits, including extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. The study found that consistent movements on weekday evenings were linked to introverted tendencies, while extroverts displayed more rand...
A new paper outlines concrete guidelines for restoring coral populations by maximizing genetic diversity, allowing them to adapt to local conditions and thrive. The guidelines, developed by a consortium of experts, provide a definitive plan for collecting, raising, and replanting corals in locations similar to their original environment.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that animals' responses to climate change are insufficient to cope with rising temperatures. The analysis of over 10,000 studies suggests that even common and abundant species struggle to adjust their traits in time.
A new study identifies an enzyme critical for normal wound healing in diabetes, suggesting a potential treatment with allopurinol. In diabetic mice, blocking uric acid production improved healing rates.
A large-scale analysis found that women and those aged less than 45 years were more likely to be under-treated compared to men and older people with CHD. Women were also less likely to be prescribed the recommended medications for daily use.
Researchers will investigate loss of DNA repair mechanisms and secondary mutations leading to cancer. The goal is to develop improved cancer treatment regimens and predict drug efficacy.
A vaginal ring that releases an antiviral drug has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV by 39% in a study of over 1,400 women in southern and eastern Africa. The study found that participants used the ring more consistently than in previous trials, with higher adherence rates.
Researchers at the University of Vienna successfully implemented a counterfactual communication protocol, where information travels from Bob to Alice while photons travel in the opposite direction. This innovation resolves two major drawbacks of previous implementations and contradicts a crucial premise of communication theory.
Twelve scientists have been recognized by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology for their significant contributions to biochemistry, molecular biology, and education. The award winners include Paul Black, Manajit Hayer-Hartl, Jean Schaffer, Edward Dennis, Yang Zhang, David Pagliarini, Kevin Campbell, among others.
A team of Kiel University chemists built the first artificial molecular assembler, which uses light as the energy source. The system combines selective binding, accurate positioning, and active release of the product, solving the 'sticky fingers' problem.
A new study comparing three types of stents used to treat cerebral aneurysms shows that the type of stent affects a patient's health outcomes. The LVIS stent was associated with superior rates of angiographic occlusion in treating cerebral aneurysms, according to researchers.
Researchers found that high-risk patients who have prescriptions for PCSK9 inhibitors rejected by insurance or not filled by patients are more likely to experience cardiovascular events. The study also identified disparities in prescription rejection rates among different demographics, including women and minorities.
A mathematical model confirms that renewable energy accelerates economic growth in Myanmar, while non-renewable energy has a minimal impact. The study suggests increasing green energy use can lead to economic growth of up to 0.3 units per unit increase.
The University of Alabama at Birmingham will organize and implement an international, multi-site study to learn more about AFM incidence and progression. The study aims to better understand how the disease develops in children and identify potential risk factors.
Tiny devices based on microfluidics can analyze bodily fluids to detect early signs of cancer, enabling widespread screening. They also help develop personalized treatments by predicting patient responses to drug candidates.
A recent study found that over 34% of recent LSD initiates first used the drug in the summer, while 30% of marijuana, ecstasy, and cocaine use began during this time. The researchers suggest that having extra recreational time during the summer and the growing popularity of outdoor activities may contribute to these findings.
A comprehensive map of over 250 faults has identified the Fort Worth Basin as highly susceptible to seismic activity, with many small faults potentially capable of triggering earthquakes. The study recommends increased regulation and monitoring of wastewater injection to minimize the risk of induced seismicity.
A new NIH-funded study suggests that standard treatment of blood sugar levels after acute ischemic stroke is more effective than aggressive methods in improving patient outcomes. The study found that intensive glucose management increased the risk of hypoglycemia and required higher levels of care.
A new study from Massachusetts General Hospital's Tobacco Research and Treatment Center shows that daily e-cigarette use helps US smokers quit regular cigarettes. Smokers who used e-cigarettes every day were more likely to quit combustible cigarettes within one year and stay quit for at least another year.
A new study reveals that American robins have a preference for using one eye over the other when looking at decoy eggs, with those who exhibit this bias being more successful at ejecting foreign eggs. This specialized ability is thought to be an adaptation to avoid brood parasites.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine used mice to study decision-based memories, finding that they are stored in the prefrontal cortex. The study revealed that neurons in this region fire at a higher rate when making decisions, and that this rate slows down over time. This knowledge can help develop models of decision-making and poten...
The WVU research team aims to develop problem-solving skills that complement traditional math and science skills, such as management, economics, communication, and public policy. The project includes co-investigators from various colleges and focuses on transportation and autonomous vehicles.
A study found that current fine particulate matter pollution in the US is associated with an estimated 15,612 female deaths and 14,757 male deaths, resulting in a loss of national life expectancy by 0.15 years for women and 0.13 years for men. Lowering PM2.5 pollution could benefit the entire US population and reduce health inequalities.
A novel microfluidics-based system detects clinically significant IL-6 levels for sepsis diagnosis in about 25 minutes using less than a finger prick of blood. This device provides a more sensitive and efficient alternative to traditional assays.
A recent study found that nearly 9% of healthy women carried multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains in their guts, which can transfer to the female urinary tract and cause disease. The study also showed that these strains persist in the gut for a long time and can be detected in the urine without symptoms.
Researchers discovered that folic acid supplementation can mitigate the risk of dolutegravir triggering neural tube defects in an animal model. Folate receptor interactions with folate and dolutegravir also disrupt normal neural tube development.
A new study found that compensatory strategies used by people with autism have both positive and negative outcomes, increasing social integration but potentially resulting in poor mental health. The study highlights the need for increased awareness among clinicians and support for those who need it.
Researchers at PSU and UTMB will investigate the structure of Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1, which thrives in high-temperature acidic environments, to better understand protein interactions and viral evolution. The study may also reveal connections to HIV and potential anti-HIV drug development.
New research from Washington University in St. Louis identifies a critical regulator of lateral root production, showing how auxin and cytokinin hormones interact to control root growth. The study reveals that the transporter TOB1 can limit auxin's root-promoting capabilities, promoting a slow but steady approach to root development.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that humans can empathize with robots by experiencing life from their perspective. By simulating the experience of being a robot, participants showed a friendlier attitude towards them and perceived them as socially closer.
Repetitive knee stress and inadequate rest are key factors behind the rapid rise in ACL injuries, which can lead to chronic health conditions like osteoarthritis. The study provides new evidence that submaximal forces can cause damage to the ACL, contradicting the common view of single force events.
A study led by Dr Chancey MacDonald found that fussy fish can survive and even thrive in deeper waters due to their ability to adapt their diets. The Triangle Butterflyfish, a dietary specialist, fed more selectively on preferred corals, while the Eight-Band Butterflyfish, a generalist, became more flexible in their diet with depth.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a new class of probes, laser particles, to tag and track cells in complex biological samples. These biocompatible laser particles emit light that can produce many distinguishable colors, allowing for more precise tracking and study of individual cell movement.
A global report found that one in three cancer patients struggle to access psychological support, with 34% saying it was not available despite needing it. The survey also identified key areas for improvement, including swift diagnosis, information-sharing, and integrated multidisciplinary care.
The USPSTF has reaffirmed its 2009 recommendation to screen for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women, identifying infants at risk of acquiring the infection from their mothers. Screening during pregnancy can prevent chronic HBV infection in children who become infected with HBV.
A study of 427 young African women found that 95% initiated PrEP but use fell after three months, with only 9% maintaining high adherence. Tailored support strategies are needed to maintain PrEP use and optimize protection against HIV acquisition.
A new study reveals significant differences in brain tissue and connectivity between impacted patients and healthy individuals, particularly in the cerebellum. The findings may underlie clinical findings previously reported by the Penn team, suggesting a novel pathway for neurological symptoms.
Researchers uncover how cannabis creates potent pain-relieving molecules, targeting inflammation and offering a non-psychoactive alternative to opioids. The discovery enables the development of naturally derived pain treatments with potentially significant benefits for chronic pain sufferers.
Researchers found male cane toads have smaller testes at the invasion front due to prioritizing dispersal over sex. This leads to less investment in sperm production and more energy for traveling, allowing them to stay ahead of competitors.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that a Mediterranean-style diet during pregnancy may reduce weight gain and the risk of gestational diabetes, but has no overall impact on adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. The diet's high intake of nuts, olive oil, fruits, and vegetables was associated with these benefits.
A study published in Frontiers in Immunology found that rural Amish babies had a more diverse and beneficial gut microbiome than urban babies, which led to a more robust development of the respiratory immune system. The researchers used fecal transplants from Amish babies to colonize the guts of newborn pigs, showing a connection betwe...
Scientists have discovered a new type of cell-like compartment that can trap and concentrate biomolecules, potentially critical for the origins of life. The droplets, formed by simple α-hydroxy acids, can easily merge and reform, hosting versatile early genetic and metabolic systems.
Monsoon rain storms have become more intense in the southwestern United States, with a 6-11% increase in rainfall intensity since the 1970s. Climate change is attributed to these changes, as temperatures in the region have risen by 0.4 degrees F per decade.
In acoustoelectronics, surface acoustic waves generate electric currents with conventional and unconventional components. The Valley Acoustoelectric Effect creates a warping-based current and a Hall current with distinct characteristics.
Researchers at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago discovered a previously unknown regulatory mechanism controlling stem cell differentiation into neurons in fragile X syndrome. This breakthrough offers novel targets for potential treatments for the condition.
A Rutgers-led study reveals that mercury pollution from years ago is affecting waterways in the New Jersey Meadowlands, with two creeks identified as major sources. The research found that legacy contamination outweighs newer sources, guiding cleanup efforts.
Researchers have successfully transmitted light through a two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide crystal, only one atom thick. The distribution of light polarization in space turned out to be similar to the three-colored rapana, with unique effects of spin-orbit interaction in the crystal.
A study by University of Texas researchers finds that incumbent companies can improve performance by intensifying distribution in response to liberalization. Companies with prior exposure to foreign markets and performance can also boost performance by increasing promotions.
A new University of Vermont study reveals that certain essential oils, including garlic, spearmint, and thyme, can effectively repel the swede midge pest from broccoli crops. The study provides a novel framework for exploiting plant odors to manage invasive pests, offering a sustainable solution for organic farmers.
Research from Imperial College London finds air pollution associated with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy in the US. Fine particles PM2.5 are estimated to have caused 15,612 female deaths and 14,757 male deaths between 1999-2015.
Early treatment with stimulant medication has strong protective effects against mood disorders, conduct disorders, substance use disorders, driving impairments, and academic failure in children and young adults with ADHD. The study found that three participants needed to be treated to prevent one from developing serious outcomes.
Research found that extracellular vesicles derived from kids' fat can disrupt cholesterol disposal in various tissues, regardless of weight. The study suggests that fat tissue plays a pivotal role in triggering cardiovascular disease, even before symptoms appear.
A new Canadian study found that food insecurity and lack of a high school degree are significant impediments to recovery from suicidal ideation. Conversely, individuals with social support, knowledge of their ancestral language, and education were less likely to have experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year.
Researchers analyzed a 120-year data set to confirm climate change's impact on precipitation events and floods. The study found six of seven highest precipitation events occurred within the last 20 years, with three storms resulting in abnormally large floods.
Researchers discovered signs of 'feasting behavior' associated with white-tailed deer at the Sitio Sierra archaeological site. The findings suggest that deer hunting was restricted and consumption linked to important occasions, reinforcing social relations among Panamanian pre-Columbian populations.
A study by ISGlobal found that women using kerosene lamps for lighting had significantly higher exposure to black carbon particles, leading to increased risk of tuberculosis, respiratory infections, and low birth weight. The study's findings highlight the need for alternative energy sources in rural areas.
The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation has awarded $3.5 million in fellowships to 15 early-career researchers, providing them with independence to pursue high-risk projects. The funding aims to support innovative cancer research and encourage promising young scientists to pursue careers in the field.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers discovered that anemonefish undergo male-to-female sex changes first in their brains before gonads are affected. The transition occurs independently of the gonads and can take months or years to complete.
A study by University of Notre Dame researcher Siyuan Zhang and collaborators identified a gene that makes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells vulnerable to existing therapies. The discovery suggests that a targeted drug therapy may be effective for this aggressive type of breast cancer.
A Mediterranean-style diet has been shown to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes (by 35%) and weight gain (average 1.25 Kg) in pregnant women, particularly those with pre-existing obesity or metabolic risks. The study suggests that this intervention could be effective for high-risk pregnant women.
Researchers have created a predictive model to guide the synthesis of new materials that are tough enough for the mining and space industries. The 'Mendelevian search' algorithm considers all possible combinations of elements in the periodic table, resulting in highly accurate predictions of material properties.
A new paper proposes that behaviors common to autism, such as low eye contact and repetitive movements, may not be indicative of social aversion but rather a desire for social connection. Autistic individuals share their experiences, expressing frustration with misinterpreted stereotypes.
Researchers at the University of Maryland and National Cancer Institute identified 12 distinct gene-pair relationships in tumor cells that could be targeted for cancer therapy. These relationships were associated with varying levels of expression in the two genes and correlated with cancer patient survival.
A University of Washington study explores what motivates people to join and stick with citizen science projects like COASST. The analysis of survey responses from 310 new participants and 623 long-term contributors reveals that outdoor activities, a sense of place, and social interactions are key drivers of participation.
In a large 24-week study, rheumatoid arthritis patients saw substantial improvement from daily use of an experimental compound. Filgotinib, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, showed significant benefits in reducing joint swelling and improving disease activity compared to placebo.
Researchers from Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University have identified a second critical mode in neuronal networks, allowing for parallel information processing. This newly discovered dynamics permits the network to represent signals in numerous combinations of activated neurons.
A study led by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers reveals that Misr2+ cells play a critical role in forming a healthy uterus. The cells, which express the receptor for Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS), are found to continue expressing MIS past sexual differentiation, contributing to uterine development.
A new study found that rising temperatures due to climate change will increase the number of days with high concentrations of ozone in the Mid-Atlantic region, posing significant health risks. The study, led by Cristina Archer, analyzed nearly 50 years' worth of data and found that near-ground ozone levels can exacerbate respiratory co...
The HOPE study found that most women accepted the dapivirine ring and used it consistently throughout the year. The study showed a significant reduction in HIV incidence among participants, with an estimated 39% decrease in risk compared to those not offered the ring.
A study published in Brain Injury found that patients with mild concussions experienced reduced sense of smell within 24 hours of their accident, which returned to normal after six months. However, anxiety persisted for a year after the injury, affecting approximately 65% of concussed patients.
A new study suggests global warming may have played a pivotal role in the emergence of Candida auris, a serious public health threat. The fungus can grow at higher temperatures than its closely related species, adapting to climate change and breaking through human protective temperatures.
A study published in Journal of Climate reveals that global warming will accelerate the water cycle over global land monsoon regions, enlarging the wet-dry season contrast. This could lead to increased crop yields in some areas and food security threats due to depleted soil water.
PCORI is funding two projects to expand use of PCORI-funded research findings in real-world practice. A $1.4 million project aims to increase lung cancer screening rates, while an $860,000 project seeks to improve care for adolescents with TBI through a self-guided online therapy program.
A new study found that cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of peripheral artery disease, which can persist for up to 30 years after quitting. Compared to never-smokers, smokers had a fourfold increased risk of developing peripheral artery disease.
Tropical Storm Dalila strengthened after NASA's Aqua satellite detected reduced wind shear, enabling stronger storms to form around its center. The storm is now forecast to weaken by Thursday and potentially degenerate into a remnant low.
College students with lower social self-efficacy benefit from using Facebook to form new connections, while those with higher confidence rely on traditional media. The study found that Facebook can compensate for reduced face-to-face interaction with close friends and works best when supplementing traditional media in making new colleg...
Tropical Depression 3 formed off central Florida's eastern coast, generating heavy rainfall northeast of its center. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission found rain falling at a rate of 25 mm/hour in this area.
Researchers developed a user-friendly, stretch-sensing data glove to capture real-time, interactive hand poses with precision. The gloves outperformed commercial products in most cases, and the team plans to expand to other sizes and shapes.
Research suggests that mothers are uniquely susceptible to social media marketing tactics, leading them to share their children's personally identifiable information online. The study highlights the need for enhanced government guidance and parental education on the consequences of sharing personal info about their kids.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a novel method to create skim milk powders with enhanced properties and functionality, offering a potential replacement for synthetic emulsifying agents. The new processing technology could lead to the creation of foaming agents that are recognizable on food labels.
Scientists discovered that microbes adopting a 'co-operative' approach to acquiring nutrients thrive in fluctuating environments. In contrast, internal nutrient breakdowns lead to instability and population decline due to exploitation by neighboring microbes.
A new study found that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or atherosclerotic heart disease (ASCVD) experienced more cardiovascular events when they couldn't get their prescribed LDL-cholesterol lowering medication. Those whose PCSK9 inhibitors were rejected by insurance had a 16% increased risk of a cardiovascular even...