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Science News for October 11, 2019


Deciphering the early stages of Parkinson's disease is a matter of time

Scientists observed how alpha-synuclein protein variants change over time, identifying initial stages of protein aggregates linked to early onset familial cases. They also found evidence of which protein species are important for amyloid filament growth and distinct structures depending on the mutation.

How preprocessing methods affect the conversion efficiency of biomass energy production

A new study published in Bioresource Technology Reports examines the impact of biomass preprocessing on conversion efficiency. Researchers found that comminution and particle size play a significant role in determining energy expenditure, with miscanthus showing improved efficiency under certain conditions.

UTHealth leads effort to enhance Texas' financial exploitation investigations of seniors

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston is partnering to enhance Texas Adult Protective Services' financial exploitation investigations and client services. The three-year grant will provide statewide access to forensic accountants and enhanced training for caseworkers to investigate claims of financial exploitation.

The impact of human-caused noise pollution on birds

Researchers analyzed continental-scale data to investigate the impact of human-caused noise pollution on birds, finding that breeding in modified habitats increases ANP levels by twice as much as forested habitats. The study suggests vocal traits like song complexity could be useful for understanding ANP effects across spatial scales.

SourceCornell University·JournalGlobal Ecology and Biogeography·DateOct 11, 2019

Food-insecure Canadian households may have trouble affording prescription medication

A new study of over 10,000 Canadian households reveals a strong correlation between food insecurity and nonadherence to prescription drugs. Food insecure households are more likely to experience cost-related nonadherence, which can exacerbate health issues associated with food insecurity.

Hydrologic simulation models that inform policy decisions are difficult to interpret

Researchers evaluated the accuracy of a commonly used numerical model in hydrology, finding that its results can be difficult to interpret correctly even when properly calibrated. The study recommends using a combination model called SWATmf to improve representation of hydrologic systems.

Public reporting on aortic valve surgeries has decreased access, study finds

A new study found that public reporting of aortic valve replacement outcomes has resulted in fewer surgeries for people with endocarditis, particularly those with injection drug use. The researchers analyzed data from 2010 to 2015 and found that these patients were 30% less likely to receive the surgery two years after outcomes data be...

SourceBoston Medical Center·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·DateOct 11, 2019

New in the Hastings Center Report, September-October 2019

The article discusses human-animal chimeras with brains composed of human cells, raising questions about their moral status. The author argues that a standard view, which considers human cognitive capacities morally significant, is mistaken and proposes a better framework for thinking about the moral status of part-human beings.

SourceThe Hastings Center·JournalHastings Center Report·DateOct 11, 2019

Encyclopedic tumor analysis for guiding treatment of advanced, broadly refractory cancers: results from the RESILIENT trial

The RESILIENT trial found disease control in 114 out of 126 patients evaluable per protocol and progression-free survival. The study suggests that label-agnostic therapy regimens guided by Encyclopedic Tumor Analysis can offer meaningful clinical benefits for patients with relapsed refractory metastatic malignancies.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalOncotarget·DateOct 11, 2019

Six degrees of nuclear separation

Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed an additive manufacturing method that enables the recycling of more nuclear waste, reducing storage time by almost one thousandfold. The breakthrough uses 3D-printed parts to separate highly radioactive actinide isotopes from rare earth metals.

SourceDOE/Argonne National Laboratory·JournalScientific Reports·DateOct 11, 2019

New material captures carbon dioxide

Researchers at Kyoto University developed a porous material that selectively captures CO2 molecules with high efficiency, converting them into valuable organic materials. The material can also be recycled without losing its efficiency.

SourceKyoto University·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 11, 2019