Researchers have identified a new potential reservoir of latent HIV, specifically CD127 cells in tissues, which harbor the virus's genetic material but silence its expression. These cells may be targeted for an HIV cure, offering hope for developing an effective treatment.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University used machine learning methods to predict artificial sapphire crystals' properties. The goal is to minimize defects in crystal structure for modern technology development.
Researchers developed a new method to define metropolitan areas based on census commuter data, identifying 182 clusters that account for over 90% of commuters. These clusters are larger than traditional regional definitions, suggesting important connections extending beyond expected boundaries.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a new hair dye process using synthetic melanin that mimics natural human hair pigmentation. The dye, tested under mild conditions, produces natural-looking colors that persist for at least 18 washes, avoiding toxicity and allergies associated with traditional hair dyes.
A study of patients with glomerular disease and their caregivers reveals that they highly value kidney function, mortality, and need for dialysis or transplant. They also stress the importance of addressing factors related to life participation, fatigue, anxiety, and family impact.
A research team at McGill University has gained a deeper understanding of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), tiny natural machines that produce biologically active compounds. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new potent antibiotics, immunosuppressants and other modern drugs by leveraging bacteria and fungi.
Researchers used ICESat-2 to track changes in ice sheet elevation over 16 years, finding significant losses in West Antarctica and Greenland's shrinking ice sheet, responsible for 14 millimeters of sea level rise. The study also reveals complex patterns of change in individual glaciers and ice shelves.
Researchers use ultra-thin STM needle to map molecular bonds on surface of materials, enabling precise identification of impurities and halogen bonding. This technique could lead to the production of new pharmaceuticals that are purer than ever.
Researchers are teaming up to understand why critical nerve cells continue to die after spinal cord injuries and aim to develop more effective treatments by enhancing or limiting the immune response. They'll use a new probe developed by one scientist to track dead cells as they're swallowed up by immune cells.
A new study found that telecommuting may have limited energy savings due to increased travel for recreation and other purposes. Studies with more rigorous methodologies showed less clear-cut results, highlighting the complexity of modern work patterns.
Researchers propose that catastrophic outburst floods, triggered by warm periods, carved Greenland's megacanyon over time. The floods are believed to have occurred hundreds of times, carving the Grand Canyon and influencing ocean circulation and present-day ice-sheet stability.
A study by Erasmus University Rotterdam and IESE Business School found that collective layoff announcements lead to decreased sales, lower advertising elasticity, and reduced advertising spending for affected brands.
Cardiologists successfully treated an 80-year-old patient after evaluating data from her Apple Watch, which showed signs of marked ST segment depression. The digital diagnostic aid may prevent myocardial infarctions and save many lives.
The NHS is under fire for its handling of labor rights violations in the production of masks and gloves, with allegations of human exploitation and child labor emerging. The organization has faced criticism for its response to the issue, with some experts calling for a more proactive approach to addressing modern slavery in supply chains.
A 20-year study by the Endocrine Society found that cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes have declined. Meanwhile, mortality rates remain higher than those in the general population, highlighting ongoing concerns about cancer and dementia risks for people with diabetes.
Researchers used machine learning to enhance metasurfaces, optimizing them for nonlinear optics and optomechanics. The discovery has promising possibilities for photonic devices and applications, including optical sensing and narrowband filtering.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have developed a rotating detonation rocket engine that can sustain continuous Mach 5 explosions, improving rocket-engine efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. This technology has the potential to increase space mission capabilities and reduce emissions.
The American Thoracic Society warns of the dangers of equating COVID-19 symptoms with high altitude pulmonary edema, highlighting key differences in pathophysiology and treatment. Clinicians must rely on scientific evidence to guide treatment, as oxygen therapy is ineffective for COVID-19-related lung injury.
A study by NYU Langone Health shows a massive expansion of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, with virtual urgent care visits growing by 683% and non-urgent virtual care visits increasing by 4,345%. The rapid growth was made possible by US insurers expanding coverage and state licensing relaxations.
The hospital created a specialized respiratory isolation unit from an existing medical-surgical unit, equipped with dialysis access. The framework published in The Hospitalist aims to provide a model for other institutions to establish similar units quickly, minimizing cross-contamination and exposure risk.
A new algorithm developed by researchers at the University of Michigan can quickly differentiate between benign and illicit radiation signatures in cargo, enabling cost-effective detectors at borders. The algorithm works even in high-radiation backgrounds and can identify weak signals from plutonium encased materials.
Physicists at Goethe University Frankfurt simulated merging neutron stars, predicting a clear signature of quark-gluon plasma in gravitational waves. This finding could provide evidence for the existence of the quark-gluon plasma in the present universe.
Scientists have discovered the highest levels of microplastics ever recorded on the seafloor, with concentrations concentrated by powerful deep-sea currents. Microplastics are mainly comprised of fibres from textiles and clothing, and their distribution is linked to sediment-transport processes.
A new study reveals the economic burden of cancer care for Syrian refugees, estimating costs ranging from $3,000 to $7,000 per case. The findings highlight the urgent need for governments and international agencies to provide adequate funding and resources for cancer care in refugee populations.
Research highlights age-related muscle loss as a contributing factor to diabetes in the elderly. Men with lower lean body mass are more prone to developing diabetes, but not women.
A US Army-funded project is using game theory to identify strategies for encouraging protective COVID-19 behaviors. The researchers aim to understand how individual and community-level decisions affect compliance with orders and recommendations.
A VCU study examines 348 psychological manipulations and finds that roughly 42% have no validity evidence, while others are validated in limited ways. The study suggests that many psychological experiments rely on an untested foundation, prompting recommendations for experimenters to improve their practices.
Researchers improve photoelectrode material's performance by increasing surface roughness, resulting in higher photon-to-current conversion efficiency. The textured structure allows for multiple light passes, enhancing sunlight absorption and hydrogen generation.
Researchers at North Carolina State University created ultrathin, stretchable electronic material that is gas permeable, allowing sweat and volatile organic compounds to evaporate away from the skin. This breakthrough enables more comfortable long-term wear for biomedical or wearable technologies.
A study found 26 bacterial and 31 fungal species in coffee roots, indicating beneficial relationships and improving management practices for climate change predictions.
A team of scientists proposes that catastrophic outburst floods carved Greenland's megacanyon network, influenced by large meltwater-filled lakes. The study suggests that these floods could have impacted ocean circulation and caused abrupt climate changes with regional significance.
A recent study by Florida Atlantic University found that racial inequalities in liver cancer deaths soared after the introduction of hepatitis C drugs in the US. The study showed a significant increase in mortality rates among black Americans, with excess relative deaths increasing from 27.8% to 45.4% between 1998 and 2016.
Researchers drew on studies of the 9/11 attacks to develop coping techniques for COVID-19 stress, emphasizing control, coherence, and connectedness. These strategies include acceptance-based coping, mindfulness, and lovingkindness meditation to promote resilience and recovery.
The American Heart Association has funded 12 institutions to study cardiovascular/cerebrovascular correlations with COVID-19. Researchers will investigate various aspects of the virus's impact on the body, including clotting complications, cardiomyopathy treatment and mortality risk.
A recent study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that smoking by pregnant mothers increases the risk of asthma in their offspring between ages 31 and 46. The risk is higher for those with a history of respiratory symptoms or the RUNX-1 susceptibility gene, highlighting early airway vulnerability.
A new perspective paper proposes reconciling differing views on range-shifting species to improve management. The authors suggest using the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) to assess risk and develop management priorities.
Researchers from IIASA and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology used the Human Life Indicator to measure progress in development, finding it easier to calculate and interpret than the Human Development Index. The new approach can provide a clearer idea of regional inequalities, helping policymakers design means to bridge gaps.
A study published in Proceedings B found that many plant collections fall short of ambitious targets for conserving genetic diversity of rare species. The researchers recommend optimizing use of limited garden space and collecting from the right plants to capture more genetic diversity.
Research on mice shows that gut microbiome alterations can slow cancer growth when exposed to cigarette smoke. Cancer-promoting effects of smoke are eliminated with antibiotics, and the immune system plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers found fecal microbial transplantation reduced bloodstream infections and improved patient quality of life in chronically ill patients. FMT decolonized multi-drug resistant bacteria, allowing patients to undergo stem-cell transplants and return to work.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that high plasma suPAR levels are associated with worse lung outcomes and increased risk of intubation. The study suggests that measuring suPAR could help identify patients who may need ventilatory support, enabling earlier intervention and potentially improving outcomes.
Neurotrauma Reports is a peer-reviewed open access journal publishing research on traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. The journal aims to provide a dedicated forum for the neurotrauma field, including original papers, review articles, and studies on regional scope or patient populations.
Researchers analyzed 369 solar-like stars and found that the Sun is less magnetically active and variable than similar stars. The study suggests that most stars are five times more variable than the Sun over the last 140 years, with potential explanations including long-term variability or unrecognized differences.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center discovered that nearly all cells in the prostate gland contribute to its regrowth after androgen-deprivation therapy. Luminal cells acquire stem-like properties without hormone influence, leading to implications for prostate cancer treatment and potential therapeutic strategies.
Di's project aims to develop a novel modeling and simulation platform to project future mixed-traffic dynamics and assist in socially optimal policy-making. She will leverage her expertise in travel behavioral modeling and network optimization to create a game-theoretic framework that incorporates game theory, dynamic control, data sci...
A recent study by the University of Georgia found a slower uptake of Medicaid enrollment among low-income obese individuals compared to non-obese counterparts. The study revealed a 5.6% increase in coverage for obese individuals versus 7.4% for non-obese individuals.
Researchers attribute unique human cooperation to cultivating a shared social identity among group members, enabled by reflective self-consciousness. This fosters feelings of obligation toward cultural kin, sustaining cooperative behavior within the group.
Scientists have discovered three essential roles for water in the catalytic conversion of methane to methanol, which facilitates high selectivity while blocking unwanted side reactions. The findings could speed the development of catalysts that make use of methane escaping from gas and oil wells.
Researchers aim to identify the mechanism of whole strawberry's anti-inflammatory effects on gut health. The study will test hypotheses that whole strawberry inhibits colon inflammation by restoring gut microflora balance.
Scientists at Northern Arizona University are studying the impact of microbial communities in soil on agricultural crops to increase yield and efficiency. The team found that traditional approaches to crop rotation may not be effective, but advances in microbiome science can help optimize agricultural systems.
A study published at Digestive Disease Week found that nearly 83% of 9/11 first responders had fatty liver disease, compared to 24-45% in the general population. The research highlights the link between toxin exposure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among first responders.
Researchers recommend using cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies to treat COVID-19 patients with severe cardiovascular problems, citing potential risks with current treatments. The study provides guidance for clinicians on selecting specific therapies depending on disease severity and patient response.
A George Mason study found that alternate light source detects bruises 5 times better than white light on diverse skin tones, addressing the disparity in bruise detection for people of color. The research aims to improve medical and legal outcomes for victims of violence.
Research from the University of Notre Dame suggests that investors react more severely to corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) when top management executives have a higher proportion of law degrees. Firms with an average proportion of law-trained executives among their leadership teams tend to receive less punishment, while those wi...
Researchers at Purdue University are working on a method to fabricate wind turbine substructures and anchors using 3D-printed concrete, which could reduce material costs and increase design flexibility. The team is collaborating with RCAM Technologies to develop concrete additive manufacturing for offshore wind energy technology.
Researchers found that naked mole-rats require high levels of carbon dioxide to function, unlike other mammals. The genetic mutation in the KCC2 gene leads to impaired brain inhibition, which is compensated by increased carbon dioxide levels.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have found a way to recycle used polyurethanes into equivalent or even higher quality material, solving the issue of conventional waste lingering in landfills.
A new analysis of data from NASA's ICESat-2 and ICESat satellites estimates that polar ice losses from Greenland and Antarctica contributed to 14mm of sea level rise between 2003 and 2019. The study projects that melting ice from these regions will increasingly contribute to sea level rise within tens to hundreds of years.
Two new AHA statements emphasize the impact of social determinants on heart failure outcomes and caregiver demands. The statements advocate for an interprofessional healthcare team to address non-medical barriers, while also identifying challenges faced by unpaid family caregivers who serve as primary support.
Two new articles from Annals of Internal Medicine explore the availability of telemedicine services and pandemic surge modeling for COVID-19. A cross-sectional study found that many US hospitals lack existing telemedicine programs, while a podcast discussion highlights the importance of rapid investment in remote care infrastructure.