Two brown dwarfs, one about 34 times the mass of Jupiter and the other about 72 times the mass, are found to be linked despite being 341 astronomical units apart. The discovery confirms that brown dwarf systems can be very low-mass and extremely far apart yet connected.
A breakthrough in controlling terahertz quantum cascade lasers enables the transmission of data at rates of 100 gigabits per second. The innovation uses acoustic waves to modulate the lasers, overcoming previous limitations and paving the way for ultra-fast wireless links and satellite communications.
A new study has found that researchers can accurately predict a person's chronological age using machine learning algorithms and microbiome samples. The study analyzed data from over 4,400 participants across various body sites, including skin, saliva, and feces, and found significant gender-specific differences in gut microbiome results.
Scientists use electrospun synthetics to mimic the extracellular matrix, standardizing research conditions. The study reveals that different types of breast cancer cells grow best in specific cellular environments.
A team at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health has developed a new method that accurately predicts human disease outcomes based on gene expression in individuals infected with Ebola. The model uses machine learning and was tested on a data set collected from Ebola patients in western Africa, confirming its accuracy.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute have identified a critical protein called ETV4 that promotes estrogen signaling in endometrial cancer cells. By removing ETV4, tumor growth can be significantly reduced, offering new avenues for treatment development.
A new study found that frail older adults who undergo emergency abdominal surgery have a higher risk of complications, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. They also experience more frequent hospital readmissions after discharge.
Researchers at EPFL have created a prototype vaccine that can travel to the desired location and activate immune cells, overcoming two major obstacles in therapeutic cancer vaccines. The Polycondensate Neoepitope (PNE) combines a patented technique with an algorithm for predicting mutated tumor antigens.
Researchers Alyssa Johnson and Adam Bohnert have discovered a new class of lysosomes, dubbed 'tubular lysosomes,' which can form complex networks that affect aging, disease, and stressors. Their findings could lead to medical therapies and treatments to extend health and longevity in humans and animals.
NASA's Terra satellite has detected a strengthening Tropical Cyclone Uesi, affecting New Caledonia with heavy rainfall and gusty winds. The storm is moving southwards, pulling away from Vanuatu but still generating powerful thunderstorms.
The Astellas Global Health Foundation has awarded a three-year, $1.35 million grant to AMPATH to provide mental health programming for 400,000 people in western Kenya. The grant will support training for community health volunteers and integrate mental health services into public health facilities.
Researchers developed a machine learning algorithm to predict dementia onset using electronic medical records, showing similar accuracy to invasive tests. The method could help identify patients at risk earlier, allowing for prevention and better quality of life.
Researchers found microcystin concentrations in 95% of participants' nasal passages, with higher levels among occupationally exposed individuals. Aerosolized cyanotoxins represent a significant route of exposure and should be included in risk assessments.
Researchers developed Q-scores to assess true resolution at every point in cryo-EM maps, enabling accurate interpretation of atomic models. The approach validated on large molecules, achieving high-resolution maps close to 1.75 angstroms, and demonstrates improved confidence in molecular interpretations.
Researchers from UNSW Sydney have created artificial atoms in silicon chips that provide improved stability for quantum computing. The artificial atoms, with shells of electrons whizzing around the centre, offer robust qubits that can be reliably used for calculations.
Researchers argue that coincidences displace ice ages from predictions, making them harder to predict and potentially leading to abrupt changes. The analysis shows that the climate system is more chaotic than expected, with underlying periodic processes but also significant background noise.
A new study finds that fewer than one in four gay, bisexual and questioning teenage boys have ever received an HIV test, despite high risk of transmission. The study identified factors that increase the likelihood of testing, including frank conversations with doctors about sexual health and testing.
A new study found that adolescents who spend more time sitting are at a greater risk of developing depression by age 18. The study suggests that even light physical activity, such as walking or doing chores, can reduce the risk of depressive symptoms by up to 10%.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a hybrid organic transistor for use in electronic displays and large-area electronics, overcoming production challenges of metal oxide TFTs.
Recent advances in TB diagnostics, treatments and prevention offer hope for reducing and ultimately eliminating the burden of tuberculosis. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has made significant progress in improving TB diagnostics, therapeutic regimens and prevention approaches.
Researchers have developed a new measuring method to detect sulphur-containing arsenic compounds in rice soils, which have not been accounted for in health assessments. The study identifies the need for further research on the formation and transport of these compounds to assess health risks.
Researchers found that healthy cells clear harmful aggregates via endocytosis, a process previously thought to occur only on external substances. This discovery could lead to improved treatments for ALS by increasing the efficiency of endocytosis. The next step is to develop ways to enhance this process using genetic and chemical methods.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have found a way for corals to adapt quickly to climate change by passing on epigenetic marks to their offspring. This discovery could lead to the creation of pre-adapted coral colonies that can repopulate dying reefs.
A recent study by MUSC Health found that telemedicine can be an effective way to reach pregnant women with opioid use disorder, with no significant differences in maternal and newborn outcomes compared to in-person care. Integrated, collaborative care models are crucial for treating this chronic disease, and telemedicine maximizes the ...
Edmund Prater, a professor at the University of Texas at Arlington, has been appointed as the first UTA professor to be selected as a Jefferson Science Fellow. He will spend a year working with the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, Office of American Spaces.
Researchers at University of Maryland Baltimore County developed DIY assistive technology platforms, including TalkBox and SenseBox, to facilitate communication for people with disabilities. These open-source platforms use low-cost sensors and a Raspberry Pi to enable users to communicate through images, sounds, or tactile objects.
Researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering develop machine learning algorithms to predict shape deviations in 3-D printing, resulting in improved accuracy across various applications and materials. The software tool, PrintFixer, is designed to be accessible to industry professionals and hobbyists alike.
Scientists have identified a peptide from the foot-and-mouth-disease virus that targets a protein on pancreatic cancer cells, allowing for highly potent drug delivery and complete tumour killing in mice. The research offers a promising new approach to treating pancreatic cancer with limited side effects.
Researchers have developed a novel technique to isolate individual gut cells from mice infected with intestinal parasites, enabling the study of the immune response to these infections. The technique may help scientists understand how adult parasites evade the immune system and develop ways to boost the immune response.
Researchers find that free radicals produced by immune cells in the kidneys contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension. By targeting these ROS-producing immune cells, effective therapies may be developed to alleviate blood pressure and kidney damage.
Researchers found that immune cells perceive each other's density to regulate their proliferation, leading to more efficient immune reactions. This mechanism could improve cancer immunotherapies by reducing the risk of excessive immune responses.
Climate change could lead to a 30-70% increase in landslide activity in the border region of China and Nepal, causing flash floods and downstream disasters. The study used satellite estimates and modeled precipitation data to project future landslide trends.
Researchers discovered that shortly after a stroke, macrophages from the blood attack dead and adjacent healthy brain tissue. This process was hindered by inactivating the Cxcr4 gene, which acts like an antenna for inflammatory processes in the brain.
A randomized controlled trial found that T'ai Chi was feasible and acceptable for improving chronic low back pain in adults over 65. High attendance rates and perceived benefits were observed among participants, suggesting a potential treatment option for this population.
Rutgers researchers found young sexual minority men lack knowledge about HPV and its importance. Health care providers often inadequately discuss the virus and vaccine with these patients.
Research finds that sorghum crops in areas with high witchweed prevalence have genetic adaptations to resist the parasite, altering hormone production. While these mutations confer some resistance, they also affect photosynthesis and growth, raising potential trade-offs.
Legal epidemiology examines how law affects disease and injury in a population. Research studies, such as those on community health workers and pregnancy-specific alcohol policies, provide key evidence to inform policy decisions.
Researchers discovered a rare disease called Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the fossilized tail of a young dinosaur that lived in Canada 60 million years ago. The study found that the disease has survived for over 60 million years and still affects humans, particularly children under 10.
Two pilot studies reveal changes in brain connectivity related to stress and problem-solving ability, suggesting a biomarker for stress-induced cognitive impairment. The findings, published in Brain Imaging and Behavior and NeuroImage, could ultimately inform treatment strategies for patients suffering from stress-related illnesses.
Two studies found that soft drink taxation and labeling laws led to a decrease in beverage purchases high in sugar, sodium and saturated fat. In Chile, front-of-packaging warning labels reduced consumption by 22.8mL per capita per day, while the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy increased prices by 31% and resulted in significant reductions...
A novel injectable drug, NOV004, is being developed by Novosteo Inc. to heal broken bones faster and strengthen weak bones. The treatment concentrates at the fracture site while reducing exposure to the rest of the body, potentially reducing mortality rates among older adults.
Physicists have discovered a new phase of motion in ring-shaped polymers under shear, where they 'inflate' and stabilize themselves. This behavior is not seen in other forms of polymers, such as linear chains or stars.
A 16-year German-Egyptian research project has uncovered the history of Asyut's necropolis, revealing over 300 tombs and diverse artworks. The finds have broadened knowledge about the region's cultural and economic boom during the First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom.
A digital intervention program called Run4Love, tested on the popular Chinese social media app WeChat, significantly reduced depressive symptoms and stress among people living with HIV. The study found a promising approach to addressing mental health gaps in resource-limited settings.
Researchers used high-resolution microcomputed tomography to study the anatomy of three known specimens of T. marauna, a Neotropical electric fish species. The study revealed characteristics of the fish's bones without requiring dissection, providing new insights into this rare species.
The University of Bristol is working with the Children of the 90s health study to examine the effect of environmental exposures on health. The project aims to develop tools to predict disease risk based on environmental factors and will combine data from multiple studies across Europe.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding the rapid reproduction of the malaria parasite by identifying crucial molecules involved in cell division. This discovery could pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies against the disease.
Researchers at Florida State University discovered a fungus that stabilizes key proteins involved in cancer and neurological disease signaling pathways. The natural product fusicoccin has been identified as a tool to study these networks, leading to the discovery of 14 promising protein-protein interaction targets.
A new, battery-free sensor can detect water leaks in buildings, enabling greater protection and reducing costs. The sensor, powered by nanotechnology, sends alerts to smartphones when exposed to moisture, making it more accessible for building owners.
Patients with lupus who take their medications consistently have a 39% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study found that antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine significantly protect patients against the complication if taken as prescribed for at least 90% of the time.
African satyrid butterfly Bicyclus anynana adjusts its wing eyespot size in response to low temperatures, changing the pattern to resemble a dead leaf. This complex physiological and molecular response is unique among butterfly species, suggesting it evolved gradually over millions of years.
Professor Maddalena, director of UTA's Aerodynamics Research Center, has been elected a fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society for his outstanding contributions to hypersonic research. He is a leading expert in mixing and combustion in turbulent supersonic flows and their application to hypersonic airbreathing propulsion.
A new study by University of Bristol scientists found that secular cultures with tolerance of minority groups tend to have more wealth, education, and democracy. The research suggests that changes in culture generally come before economic improvements, making cultural values a crucial predictor of future prosperity.
A study published by Ohio State University found that people enjoy seeing bad guys get punished more than being forgiven, but appreciate forgiveness stories as the most meaningful. The researchers discovered that readers take less time to respond to narratives with equitable retribution than those with under- or over-retribution.
A recent study found that personal values in post-Soviet countries are primarily determined by national pride, rather than education, age, religiosity, or social status. Despite high rates of divorce and abortion, respondents expressed conservative views on individual choice practices, highlighting a cultural shift towards patriotism.
The selected scientists and engineers will participate in a week of intensive public engagement and science communication training, networking, and plan development. The fellows will return to their institutions with resources and connections to develop, implement, and evaluate their public engagement activities.
Researchers at Penn Medicine discovered that changes in DNA sequence can trigger chromatin misfolding in white blood cells, increasing the risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. The study found that these misfolded regions occur before the disease onset and may serve as a diagnostic tool.
Researchers at University of Arizona develop mathematical model to simulate PFAS migration through soil and groundwater. The majority of PFAS accumulate in the soil, where they migrate down slowly, posing a significant risk to human health.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a novel formulation that describes how heat spreads within crystalline materials. This breakthrough will help engineers design next-generation electronic devices by explaining hydrodynamic phenomena, which are prevalent in materials like graphite and graphene.
A new study found that one in five operations could lead to unexpected bills from out-of-network providers, including surgical assistants who were not part of the patient's insurance plan. The average potential surprise bill was $2,011, with some states experiencing much higher rates of surprise billing.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute found that prebiotics mucin and inulin slowed melanoma growth in mice by enhancing anti-tumor immunity. The study suggests a potential benefit of prebiotics in treating cancer or augmenting current therapies.
Researchers at Emory University have developed a new approach to organic synthesis that can efficiently transform simple molecules into complex ones with 3D structures. This method opens up whole new chemical space for potential drug targets, enabling the creation of more direct and efficient pathways for pharmaceutical research.
A study using large health insurer claims data found that approximately 1 in 5 patients received surprise out-of-network bills after having in-network elective surgery. The average potential balance was $2,011, with anesthesiologists and surgical assistants being the most common providers involved.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new method to preserve donated kidneys using a drug that generates S-nitrosothiols, restoring flow-through and reducing resistance. This could extend the number and quality of kidneys available for transplant, saving more people with end-stage renal disease.
Research led by the University of Arizona found that the US East and Gulf Coasts have different responses to storm surges due to ocean and atmospheric circulation interactions. The Gulf Coast, particularly New Orleans, is highly sensitive to tropical cyclone characteristics, leading to elevated storm surge heights.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new method to visualize the dynamic motion of atoms in atomically thin 2D materials. The technique reveals that sulfur atoms in MoS2 move continuously to vacant areas, causing grain boundaries to separate and leading to material failure.
New research found that the accumulation of tau and amyloid proteins in the brain significantly alters gene expression, particularly in genes related to inflammation. The study provides new insights into the progression of Alzheimer's disease and highlights potential pathways for treatment.
A pilot program launched by the Berlin Institute of Health aims to enhance the quality and value of translational research through training, tools, and monetary incentives. The QUEST Center's initiative seeks to address concerns over transparency and reproducibility in biomedical science.
Researchers created a digital amplifier model using a deep neural network that can accurately simulate the sound of various guitar amplifiers, including popular brands like Marshall and Orange. The study uses black-box modelling to replicate the observed input-output mapping of analogue circuitry.
A team of scientists has created a new class of 3D-printed biomaterials that can direct the regeneration of functional tissue in damaged cartilage. The materials are designed to provide cells with the exact cues they need to form tissue organized in the same way as natural cartilage.
Researchers conducted a large trial of MRSA blood infections and found that combining two antibiotics was not more effective than using one alone, but led to more kidney injuries. The study's findings aim to guide best management for patients worldwide.
Researchers have developed a live-cell imaging technique that enables the visualization of fundamental processes in flower development and opens up new avenues for research on plant sexual reproduction. The technique, called light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), records movies of plant reproductive events for the first time.
Researchers at Cornell University found that traditional lab models hinder student engagement, while inquiry-based labs promote active learning and ownership over experiments. Exam scores remained the same, but inquiry-based labs improved student attitudes toward experimentation and scientific thinking.
A new international study led by UNSW Sydney reveals that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet melted rapidly during the Last Interglacial period, causing a multi-metre rise in global mean sea levels. The research suggests that the ice sheet is highly sensitive to future ocean warming, posing an urgent need to minimize warming.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed a tool to identify the source of errors caused by software updates using deep learning. The algorithm, which analyzes performance counters, can find bugs in a matter of hours instead of days.
Researchers have visualized a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, RVC20, which blocks the entry of the rabies virus into cells. The findings highlight new perspectives for prevention and treatment of the deadly disease.
A new Yale study found rosiglitazone, a type 2 diabetes drug, is associated with a higher risk of heart problems, especially heart failure. The research analyzed over 48,000 patients and found a 33% increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to controls.
A recent study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory found that tree budburst, or the timing of leaf emergence, is becoming more variable in hotter regions due to rising temperatures. In contrast, cold climates show a more stable pattern of budburst year-over-year.
A recent study analyzing over 200 mumps virus genomes provides insights into the US outbreaks, revealing a dominant strain responsible for many cases. The research also demonstrates the value of high-quality genomic data in public health surveillance and suggests future efforts should incorporate whole genome sequencing.
Researchers have developed a new model to track object drift based on satellite data from GPS-equipped buoys in the Florida Current. The study finds that buoyancy has the greatest effect on an object's trajectory, with implications for cleaning up ocean litter and tracking algae movement.
Researchers discovered that both the yellow color and the black and yellow mosaic pattern are essential for luring prey during the day. The study also found that the yellow color alone was very effective at luring nocturnal insects.
A recent study found that taller young men may be less likely to develop dementia later in life. The research adjusted for factors such as education and intelligence, suggesting an association between height and reduced dementia risk.
The IADR Centennial Emerging Leaders Award recognizes young investigators who will lead groundbreaking research and discovery in dental, oral, and craniofacial research. The award winners are poised to advance health and well-being worldwide with their outstanding promise for service and leadership.
A type of micro RNA known as MIR1249 plays a key role in allowing bile duct cancers to resist chemotherapy. The researchers hope that targeting this molecule could make chemotherapy more effective.
Researchers found that primary care doctors rarely discuss safe driving and monitor patients for risky sexual behavior with adolescents who have a history of ADHD. The study highlights the need for additional resources and training to provide better care for these patients as they transition from childhood to young adulthood.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are using APOL1 genotyping to identify high-risk African American donors and reduce their chances of developing kidney disease. The study aims to optimize the health of organ donors by protecting them from genetic factors that increase their risk of kidney disease.
Scientists at Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown designed an experiment where mice had to infer water reward locations using indirect evidence. The study revealed key brain regions involved in inference and compared mouse performance to a human version of the task, highlighting the cognitive skill's importance.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that Cairo car drivers are exposed to dangerous levels of air pollution, particularly in cross-city routes. Drivers who leave their windows open can be exposed to 65% more PM10 and 48% more PM2.5 than those with windows closed and AC on.
A new study published in mSystems found that mice fed a high-protein, high-fat diet developed severe C. difficile infections, while those on a high-carbohydrate diet recovered. The researchers suggest that diet may promote protective microbial groups after antibiotics.
The round goby's exceptional adaptability is attributed to its immune system, which features up to 30 times more inflammatory genes than comparable species. This enables the fish to deal with pathogens and extreme environmental conditions, facilitating its successful colonization of diverse waters around the world.
A long-term study of 200,000 long-distance skiers found they were almost 30% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease. This 'motor reserve' dissipates with time and age.
Analyzing viral genomes from an outbreak can show how a virus is evolving and being transmitted. The study revealed new links between cases that first appeared unrelated and details about how the disease was spreading in Massachusetts and elsewhere in the US.
Professor Lillian Siu receives TAT 2020 Honorary Award for her contributions to early drug development and phase I trials in head and neck malignancies. She advances the field of cancer drug development with innovative clinical trial designs and methodologies.
Researchers at Mass General Hospital identified Argonaute 4 as a key protein protecting cells against viral infections. Boosting levels of AGO4 could provide protection against multiple viruses, and the study aims to understand how the immune system works to create treatments that target various viruses.
A new blood test uses a carbon nanotube-based sensor to detect Alzheimer's disease with high accuracy, measuring key biomarkers in human plasma. The test achieved an average sensitivity of 90.0% and selectivity of 90.0%, outperforming conventional biosensors.
Researchers at KAIST have discovered mechanisms that fuel a 'domino effect' in cancer drug resistance, enabling failed responses to paclitaxel to speed up the evolution of resistance to other drugs. The study suggests a new strategy for improving second-line cancer treatment.
A study from Karolinska Institutet found that a combination of markers, including frailty and the epigenetic clock, can predict health risks and mortality. The researchers followed 845 middle-aged and elderly participants over 20 years, revealing associations between these markers and increased risk of early death.
A systematic review from George Washington University finds that telehealth interventions can lead to improved health outcomes in low-risk obstetrics, family planning, and gynecologic conditions. Text messaging and remote monitoring are identified as key components of effective telehealth interventions.
Researchers at Drexel University have found a way to destroy toxic compounds, ominously dubbed 'forever chemicals,' that have contaminated the drinking water of millions across the US. The team uses a blast of charged gas, called cold plasma, to eliminate PFAS from water without heating it up.
Researchers discovered that bush-crickets' ear canals work similarly to mammals' ears, amplifying sound and modulating pressure. This breakthrough could lead to the development of better acoustic sensors for human use, enhancing directional hearing and monitoring applications.
Researchers at RMIT University found that microglia cells can be activated to boost memory performance in rats by up to 50%, reversing damage caused by neuroinflammation. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for cognitive decline and dementia.
A recent study examined changes in heroin use and addiction among US adults over 16 years. Heroin use disorder increased significantly between 2002 and 2018, affecting approximately 800,000 adults in the country.
UMass Lowell researchers develop germ-killing fabric with N-halamine, reducing risk of drug-resistant bacteria and hospital-acquired infections. The fabric can be recharged through bleach washing, extending its effectiveness.