A systematic overview of viruses in cancer found HPV and EBV in 19 and 5.5 percent of cancer genomes respectively. The study also identified mechanisms by which viruses trigger carcinogenic mutations in DNA.
A new study finds that rosiglitazone increases the risk of heart failure and cardiovascular events by 33% compared to controls. The research highlights the importance of access to raw clinical trial data for accurate drug safety assessments.
A recent study across 40 countries found higher lung cancer rates in young women compared to men, driven by a rise in adenocarcinoma. Historically, lung cancer was more prevalent among men due to earlier smoking habits, but the gap is narrowing in some regions.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University discovered a mechanism employed by fruit flies to broaden our understanding of visual perception. The team found that L3 neurons, sensitive to brightness, are active in low-light conditions and play a crucial role in detecting sudden changes in luminance.
The new metadata-database helps researchers incorporate data on terrestrial microbiological communities into their work, making it easier to compare findings and avoid repeating experiments. With 15,022 metagenome datasets from forests or grasslands, the database enables global-scale analyses of microbiological communities.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered how induced defects in metamaterials produce radically different consistencies and behaviors. The study has far-reaching applications, including protecting fragile components in car crashes and manipulating distant objects using minimally invasive surgery.
A study by Scripps Research Institute found that resting heart rates vary widely between individuals, with norms differing by up to 70 beats per minute. Despite this variability, rest heart rate remains relatively consistent over time, holding potential for early detection of health changes.
Scientists at the University of Rochester develop a new material that selectively absorbs light only at solar wavelengths, increasing efficiency by 130%. This innovation enhances solar power generation and has potential applications for thermal energy harvesting devices.
The study analyzed data from over 1000 donors of more than 25 cancer types, studying whole genomes and tumour transcriptome data. Researchers identified diverse mechanisms of cancer genome alterations, including gene fusions, which can be used for disease diagnosis.
A new study predicts that proposed hydropower dams in Gabon will block access to freshwater habitats suitable for marine species, impacting at least 350 fish species. The dams may cut off 60% of the most suitable habitats in the Nyanga river, representing 392 river kilometers.
Researchers found that people with Parkinson's carrying APOE4 variant experience faster cognitive decline and more severe dementia. Targeting APOE may reduce dementia risk in Parkinson's patients.
A nationwide study found that medical students' empathy levels drop significantly as they transition from preclinical to clinical years of medical school. The study, led by Dr. Mohammadreza Hojat, surveyed over 10,700 students at DO-granting medical schools and compared their results with those of MD-granting medical schools.
A new study reveals that controlling structural defects in cathode materials can enhance battery performance by allowing lithium ions and electrons to move in three dimensions across layers. High-precision powder diffraction analyses achieved unprecedented accuracy in measuring defect concentrations.
A recent study by the University of Colorado Boulder and Rutgers University explores the impact of nuclear war on the world's oceans. The research finds that smoke generated by detonated warheads could shift ocean acidification patterns and rob waters of essential building blocks for organisms like corals.
Researchers found that tumor-derived ANGPTL2 stimulates lung epithelial cells, promoting primary tumor-induced neutrophil recruitment and pre-metastatic niche formation. Targeting ANGPTL2 signaling reduced metastatic load in lungs.
Chemists at the University of Jyväskylä Finland and University of California succeeded in determining the atomic precise structure of a chain of gold nanoclusters. The study reveals the disulfide-bridging bond between the bound nanoclusters, advancing our understanding of the optical and electronic response of these systems.
Researchers successfully grow crystals of various materials onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, paving the way for unique properties in 1D vdWs. This breakthrough enables potential applications in flexible electronics, lasers, solar energy conversion, and more.
A study analyzing over 50,000 VA patients found that increasing opioid prescription doses does not improve chronic pain management. Despite higher doses, patients' pain scores showed minimal changes, indicating that clinicians should exercise caution when escalating opioid doses.
Researchers break down amino acid glutamine when bombarded with different doses of electrons. This process has implications for understanding the effect of ionising radiation on human cells and improving cancer radiotherapy.
Effective leadership is driven by four distinct mindsets: growth, learning, deliberative, and promotion. Leaders with these mindsets are more likely to engage, navigate change, and lead effectively. Prioritizing mindset development can significantly impact leadership effectiveness.
The Pan-Cancer Project has created the most comprehensive map of cancer genomes to date, improving our understanding of cancer and its diagnosis. Researchers have identified key regions controlling gene expression and discovered a 'carbon dating' method to pinpoint mutations in tumors years before they appear.
A preclinical trial found that retinoid X receptor (RXR) enhances the clearance of dead cells and debris in the brain after a stroke, limiting inflammation and improving recovery. RXR activation could lead to discovery of a promising new therapeutic target for improving neurological outcomes.
The study reveals that ligand distribution and angles influence the formation of 1D-CS, affecting electronic structure and conductivity. The findings provide guidelines for creating 1D-CS with desired connecting structures.
Research from The Francis Crick Institute found that gut bacteria activate a specific gene called Ahr in intestinal nerves, promoting healthy digestion and peristalsis. This relationship can be disrupted in cases of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiome.
A study by Northwestern Medicine and CDC found that unmarried mothers with paternal involvement are more likely to breastfeed and engage in protective health behaviors. This is compared to married mothers who also experience benefits from their partner's presence, suggesting a positive impact of fatherhood on maternal health.
Researchers created a potential new adhesive using poly(vinyl alcohol) to improve the adhesion of wearable sensors. The modified compound, 4C3-PVA, was found to be hydrophobic but have less tensile strength compared to other versions.
Researchers propose evaluating vascular function in women starting in middle age to detect early signs of vascular aging and reduce heart disease risk. This approach could help establish a baseline of vascular health, measure effectiveness of lifestyle changes and clinical treatment for cardiovascular disease.
A UMass Lowell researcher is developing advances in safety for home care aides and clients as the field faces an aging population, technology changes, and safety challenges. The goal of the project is to produce guidelines, develop safety tools, and evaluate their effectiveness.
A study published in Military Medicine found that nearly all veterans with Gulf War illness (GWI) reported experiencing moderate to severe fatigue, sleep, and pain symptoms. The survey, which included 485 veterans, also revealed a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and anxiety.
A new biochemical switch involved in M2 macrophage polarization and proliferation has been identified, which can be targeted to inhibit cancer growth. The discovery was made by a research team from the University of Vienna and could lead to novel therapies against systemic diseases and cancer.
Butler simplifies genomic data analysis by constantly collecting health metrics and automating self-healing modules. This reduces large project execution times from years to months, improving researcher productivity and efficiency.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and MIT developed a new platform to create stacked-crystal materials with hybrid properties and multiple functions. This allows for infinite combinations of materials, opening doors to new technologies in data storage, sensing, energy, biomedical devices and more.
Soil researchers found significant movement of sulfate into subsoils and improved water quality after implementing the Clean Air Act Amendment in 1990. However, soils still exhibit chemical imbalances, indicating a long-term recovery process.
Researchers found that 94% of participants accepted manipulated responses as their own and rationalized moderate views. The study suggests that even polarized individuals can become open to opposing views for a short time.
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology has found substantial variations in the legal and funding framework of 43 European countries regarding assisted reproduction. Access to treatment, third-party donation, fertility preservation, and public funding vary significantly among countries.
A research team has developed a droplet-based electricity generator that can produce 140V power from a single drop of water. The device features a field-effect transistor-like structure and achieves high energy-conversion efficiency and instantaneous power density, making it an innovative solution for sustainable energy generation.
A new AI method combines incomplete medical datasets to spot causal relationships, allowing researchers to analyze expensive or difficult-to-run trials. The algorithm uses quantum cryptography-inspired principles to determine the most disordered variable as the cause.
Scientists at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed a system to print highly precise, centimeter-sized objects with submicrometer details at an unmatched speed. The new 3D printer produces speeds of about 10 million voxels per second, corresponding to the speed reached by graphical 2D inkjet printers.
A general framework for automatic diagnosis of manufacturing systems was proposed, using convolutional neural networks to extract hidden degradation features from noisy time-course data. The framework performed well in benchmark applications and can be applied in diverse contexts.
A new study by Swiss TPH and partners found that age, location, and anaemia status significantly impact childhood immune system development. The research suggests that considering these factors can improve the efficacy of childhood vaccinations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where anaemia is prevalent.
A new study reveals global ocean circulation has accelerated over the past two decades, with a sharp increase in kinetic energy from 1990s onwards. The acceleration is attributed to intensification of surface winds and a near 2%-per-decade rise in wind speeds.
New research shows that US states with medical marijuana laws have seen a decline in workers' compensation claims due to improved symptom management. The modest reductions suggest expanded access to medical marijuana may also boost work capacity and reduce reliance on social insurance programs.
Researchers are exploring the use of ionic liquids as a more sustainable and efficient way to produce industrial materials like fibers and fuels. The unique properties of these molten salts make them an attractive alternative to traditional solvents, with potential applications in chemical synthesis, biomass refining, and energy storage.
Researchers have dated ancient Aboriginal rock art in the Kimberley region using wasp nests, confirming that Gwion style paintings are around 12,000 years old. The technique used involves analyzing the age of wasp nests under and over the paintings to establish a date range.
The study found associations between parenting stress and lower household income with increased screen exposure among toddlers. Lower household income was also linked to more frequent feeding of children during screen time, contributing to excessive screen use.
Easter Island's society continued to build and use its monuments for at least 150 years after the traditional collapse timeline, according to a new study. The research integrated radiocarbon dates with historical records of Dutch, Spanish, and English seafarers to create a revised chronology.
Scientists create a bilayer platform that can alter surface topographies using shape-memory polymers and gold nanorods to promote cell polarization and collective migration of vascular endothelial cells. This approach enables dynamic manipulation of cell functions, mimicking the native ECM-mediated effects in the human body.
Researchers used persistent homology and molecular dynamics simulations to study water molecules on graphene surfaces. They found that water molecules form stable polygonal shapes, which evolve into 3D tetrahedral structures after three layers are added. This discovery provides insights into the transition between surface and free water.
Research by Rice University economist Richard Boylan found that district elections increase noninfrastructure spending by 9.1% due to the 'common pool' problem, which can lead to excess city spending. This raises questions about the balance between equal representation and effective governance.
Researchers have identified 81 distinct mutational signatures in human cancer genomes that can help reveal the origins and development of various types of cancer. These signatures can provide insight into factors that have mutated a cell's genetic material and inform new strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo developed an algorithm that combines statistical modeling techniques with machine learning-based image recognition to analyze social media data. The algorithm predicts consumer purchases and allows brands to identify potential customers.
A team of researchers has created a novel organic and biodegradable compound for MRI contrast agents, eliminating the need for heavy metals like gadolinium. The new agent is developed by attaching an organic radical contrast agent to a plant virus and wrapping it in a protective chemical cage.
A Finnish study found that patients taking cholesterol or blood pressure-lowering medications were more likely to become obese and reduce their physical activity levels. The research highlights the importance of maintaining healthy habits even when starting prescription medications.
Jia Niu's NSF CAREER-funded project aims to grow polymer chains uniformly, creating degradable and sustainable plastics. His research focuses on addressing pressing needs in biomedicine, materials, and environmental sciences.
Researchers found that hiring managers perceive candidates with self-absorbed or overly opinionated social media profiles as less suitable for employment. The study also discovered that content suggesting drug or alcohol use has a smaller impact on perceptions of employment suitability.
A new study found that cluster headaches can lead to significant disruptions in daily life, with people missing an average of 16 sick days and 63 disability days per year. The study also revealed sex differences in the impact of cluster headaches on work capacity, with women experiencing more frequent and longer-lasting symptoms than men.
Scientists uncover how lymph nodes' development is controlled by the Hippo pathway, shedding light on their role in regulating immune responses. The research found that impaired Hippo signaling can lead to fibrosis or transformation of fat cells, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for diseases affecting systemic immunity.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have designed proteins called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that prevent the aggregation of amyloid-β protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. The CPPs stabilize Aβ in a non-aggregated state, inhibiting neurotoxicity and protecting neurons from damage.
Researchers identified germline mutations in the MBD4 gene as a driver of somatic mutations in cancer genomes, accelerating the clock-like mutational process. This discovery has significant implications for understanding cancer development and may lead to personalized screening and early intervention strategies.
Researchers studied phase transitions in ultracold gases under fluctuating magnetic fields, showing loss of symmetry in energy spectrum. The 'Hofstadter's butterfly' effect disappears as time dependence is introduced.