A Rutgers-led study finds that incarceration and police discrimination contribute to higher rates of psychological distress, HIV risk, and lower willingness to take PrEP among Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men. The research highlights the need for anti-racist and anti-heterosexist advocacy and interventions to address ...
A multidisciplinary research team proposes integrating diverse species and environments into immunology research to develop treatments and vaccines for viruses. Observations in nature, such as the cowpox virus, have led to vaccine discoveries; now, studying new species can yield large payoffs.
Researchers discovered that neural representations of smell in the cortex reflect chemical similarities between odors, allowing for categorization. The findings also suggest that sensory experiences can rewire these representations.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $3.15 million to Argonne National Laboratory to support collaborations with private companies. This funding is part of the Technology Commercialization Fund, which aims to advance energy technologies and strengthen partnerships between DOE's National Laboratories and industry partners.
A study has described how teleportation can be used to create a high-tech jamming session between a human musician and a quantum computer. The result is a unique performance piece combining live human and computer-generated sounds.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found the Apgar score effective in assessing health of preterm infants, with lower scores associated with increased mortality risk. A higher Apgar score significantly increases the chance of survival for premature babies, highlighting its importance regardless of gestational age.
The study elucidates the mechanism of hydrodynamic power generation using spin currents in micrometer-scale channels, improving power generation efficiency drastically with smaller flow sizes. The researchers also demonstrate the feasibility of applying this technology to spintronics-based nanofluidic devices and flowmeters.
A University of Colorado Boulder study found that mothers who used marijuana during pregnancy were more likely to report their children having clinical sleep problems. The researchers also discovered that frequent marijuana use was associated with somnolence symptoms in children, such as excessive tiredness and difficulty waking up.
A study by Amy G. Halberstadt found that prospective teachers are more likely to misperceive Black children as angry than white children, which can have negative consequences for Black youth. The study suggests that this anger bias can lead to Black children being disciplined unfairly and suspended more often from school.
A new study found that low-income families receiving SNAP benefits later in the month experience fewer emergency room visits for childhood injuries, likely due to better meal planning and food security. The researchers suggest that supporting federal food assistance programs like SNAP can help reduce childhood injuries and morbidity.
UW-Madison researchers have created a safer way to deliver mRNA-based therapy for cancer, liver disorders, and vaccination. Tiny mineral particles (MCMs) with pores on their surface can carry molecules like proteins or messenger RNA, mimicking ancient discoveries in archaeology.
The study identified fluctuations in brain network connectivity during cravings, particularly between reward-related regions such as the central executive network and the nucleus accumbens. These dynamic patterns are associated with cannabis use disorder severity and can be used as biomarkers for treatment strategies.
A new modeling study suggests that the number of infection-initiating viral variants is primarily determined by how long the source partner has been infected. The risk for multiple-founder variant transfer during sexual HIV exposure is nearly doubled during the first three months of the source partner's infection.
A new review finds that COVID-19 can cause damage to the endocrine system, leading to worsening of existing conditions and increased risk of diabetes. Steroids may be a crucial treatment option for patients with COVID-19, as recent studies have shown improved mortality rates in severely ill patients treated with dexamethasone.
Histones may have evolved to adapt to oxygenated environments by reducing toxic copper, a crucial element for biological processes. The study reveals a new function of the histone H3-H4 tetramer as an oxidoreductase enzyme, making harmful copper oxidation state safe for use inside cells.
Studies from Osaka University revealed that Tet2 and Tet3 proteins play a crucial role in regulating B cell activity and preventing autoimmunity. By knocking out these proteins, researchers found increased serum levels of autoantibodies and organ damage in mice, highlighting the importance of epigenetic control in immune function.
A new study sheds light on the mysterious condition known as silent hypoxemia or 'happy hypoxia' in COVID-19 patients. The research reveals that low oxygen levels without shortness of breath may be caused by a combination of factors, including inaccurate pulse oximeter readings and the brain's delayed response to low oxygen levels.
Researchers have developed a new method to convert gaseous hydrocarbons into complex molecules at room temperatures and low pressures using UV light and a decatungstate catalyst. This breakthrough simplifies processing, reduces material waste, and decreases pollution.
A study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet found a significant association between income and survival after surgery for lung cancer. Patients with low household disposable income had significantly worse long-term survival compared to those with high income, even after adjusting for common comorbidities.
Research by Cornell University's Kim Weeden suggests that early high school occupational plans are a key factor in determining future STEM college majors, with significant gender differences emerging at this stage. Women are less likely than men to plan for STEM careers, despite similar math abilities and academic achievements.
Between 2007 and 2016, standardized hospitalization rates declined for coronary artery and vascular disease, heart rhythm disorders, stroke, and heart failure. However, there were notable increases for acquired valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and vascular cognitive impairment.
A study found that early marriage can exacerbate risky alcohol use among individuals with a high genetic predisposition, contradicting the traditional view of marriage as a protective factor. The research suggests that early life events may not be as protective against poor mental and physical health outcomes as previously thought.
New cost-effective technology enables advanced immunology studies on Tasmanian devils and reveals conserved immune pathways across 160 million years of evolution. The system can be applied to any vertebrate species, including humans.
Researchers develop new method to study α-synuclein protein's interaction with cell membranes, revealing damage occurs at very low concentrations. The method uses lipid vesicles as mimics of cellular membranes and shows that α-synuclein binds to and destroys mitochondrial-like membranes.
A Columbia University research team has received a Facebook Probability and Programming research award to develop static analysis methods for probabilistic programming. The team aims to enhance the usability and accuracy of probabilistic programming by creating tools that automate model checking and compiler verification.
Researchers found that priming people to consider accuracy makes them more adept at recognizing truth from falsehoods, even if they don't think about it directly. By subtly nudging the brain to consider accuracy, individuals can improve their choices about what to share on social media.
Researchers found that crowdsourced information gathered from mobile apps like Yelp can provide a more accurate real-time representation of food deserts in impoverished communities. The study suggests that the methods used by the USDA to identify areas with low access to healthy food are often outdated and narrow in scope.
Researchers found a new formula that better matches canine-human life stages, with an 8-week-old dog equivalent to a 9-month-old baby. The study also identified developmental genes that drive aging and created an age-measuring clock for different species.
A UC Riverside study finds that mobile health clinics can reduce access barriers and improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations like Latino farmworkers. The research suggests that mobile clinics offer culturally and linguistically appropriate care, minimizing structural barriers to care.
The two institutions will recruit underrepresented minority PhD students into their biomedical research programs, building a pipeline of minority scientists in the Cleveland area. The grant aims to increase diversity and inclusion in STEM fields, promoting creativity, problem-solving, and innovation.
Researchers at Kyushu University analyzed data from NASA's InSight lander to determine the sources of different types and frequencies of Martian microtremors. The study found that low-frequency P-waves were related to changes in wind and solar irradiation, while higher-frequency ambient noises were dominated by lander vibration.
Thermophones enable creation of fully controlled arrays from thin metal films attached to wires, paving the way for new sound technologies including home cinema systems. Researchers demonstrate improved sound control and richer sound fields compared to traditional arrays.
A white-throated sparrow's unique two-note-ending variant has replaced the historic three-note ending across Canada, a phenomenon unprecedented in bird species. The new song's rapid spread is attributed to overwintering grounds, where juveniles may learn and adopt new song types.
Women experiencing hot flushes and night sweats, also known as vasomotor symptoms, are 70% more likely to have heart attacks, angina, and strokes. The severity of these symptoms, rather than frequency or duration, is a key factor in increased cardiovascular risk.
Researchers at Cornell University used AI to investigate how reflection changes images, discovering clues like facial features and beards that can differentiate originals from reflections. The study has implications for training machine learning models and detecting faked images.
A new protocol enhances stem cells' ability to differentiate into adult cells, improving their quality and efficiency for therapeutic purposes. The study identified microRNA 203 as a key molecule to boost stem cell differentiation, opening doors to improved treatments for degenerative diseases.
A study examining elderly people's attitudes and compliance with COVID-19 preventative measures found that older adults are not more willing to isolate or wear masks, despite being most vulnerable to severe illness. However, they are more likely to avoid public transportation and small gatherings.
A new study found that 12 weeks of passive leg stretching improved blood flow and reduced stiffness in arteries. This non-invasive technique could serve as a new drug-free treatment for improving vascular health and reducing disease risk.
The NETOIMS method effectively alleviates postoperative pain by inserting a needle in the muscle and electrically eliciting twitch responses, targeting strained muscle fibers. This technique results in improved circulation, relaxing the muscle and reducing postoperative complications after open abdominal surgery.
A recent study by Monash University suggests that components within vaccines can play a major role in aiding the lifespan of individual plasma cells. This understanding could lead to the development of more effective vaccines.
A new study reveals that offspring of older mothers are less fit to survive and reproduce, affecting their health, lifespan, and fertility in humans and other species. Mathematical modeling suggests a decline in natural selection pressure with maternal age may contribute to the persistence of this phenomenon.
A study in Kenya found that grassroots dog vaccination campaigns can prevent rabies deaths, but to eliminate the disease, larger efforts are required. The efforts involved vaccinating over 13,000 dogs and raising awareness among children about rabies prevention.
A new sequencing technology will help scientists better understand the mechanisms of rare nucleotides thought to play an important role in the progression of some diseases. These modified nucleotides are crucial additions to the genetic code, but their detection is difficult and comes with high error rates.
Scientists at KIT have successfully introduced genetic information into a multicellular cyanobacterium, Phormidium lacuna, using natural transformation. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for basic research and biotechnical applications, including the synthesis of biofuels like ethanol and hydrogen.
States with highest income inequality had a larger number of COVID-19-related deaths compared to states with lower income inequality. African Americans and Hispanics were disproportionately affected due to limited access to healthcare and essential jobs.
Researchers from the University of Bonn successfully transferred a moss protein into a flowering plant, demonstrating its ability to correct genetic errors. This breakthrough could contribute to the development of more efficient crops and provide insights into plant energy metabolism.
Researchers at MLU and Lanzhou University developed a simple concept for improved magnetic-based data processing using ultrashort electric pulses in the terahertz range. This enables fast and energy-efficient data storage with billions of read and write operations per second.
Researchers found that testing of oropharyngeal secretions can reduce the number of false negative COVID-19 test results. This simple procedure minimizes contact between healthcare workers and patients, reducing virus transmission risk.
A preprint about a coronavirus variant with a mutation leading to increased transmissibility underwent significant changes upon peer review. The revised paper presents additional experimental and clinical data suggesting the variant may be more infectious, but its impact on disease severity remains uncertain.
Certain medications and medical devices contain hormone-disrupting chemicals, posing risks to vulnerable patients. Healthcare providers must be aware of these hidden risks to provide ethically sound care.
The study found that oat and rye bran fibres support beneficial gut microbiota growth, improving cholesterol metabolism, gut barrier function, and reducing liver inflammation. Diets enriched with either bran type attenuated weight gain associated with a high-fat diet.
Researchers used cryo-electron tomography to reveal the molecular architecture of Uromodulin filaments, which form a fishbone-like structure that traps bacteria. The findings provide insights into Umod's role in protecting against urinary tract infections and its other physiological functions.
Researchers developed a platform for rapid chiral analysis, producing chromatogram-like output without separation. The method effectively resolved a wide range of chiral molecules, including pharmaceuticals and biomolecules.
Scientists have discovered that the Anaplasmosis bacterium interferes with tick gene expression to survive and spread to new hosts. The study found that the bacterium reduces a regulatory molecule's production, leading to increased levels of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP), which enables its spread to vertebrate hosts.
The article highlights the similarities between COVID-19 and environmental threats, emphasizing the need for early intervention to mitigate catastrophic effects. Delayed action will lead to increased mortality rates, climate risks, and species losses.
Researchers at Boston University and Boston Medical Center have assembled the largest repository of patient-derived stem cells from AATD patients. The cells can be used to study genetic diseases and potentially find new treatment approaches for AATD.
A study of over 2,800 breast cancer patients found that those who were overweight or obese had poorer outcomes when treated with docetaxel. The researchers believe this is due to the fat in their bodies absorbing part of the drug before it can reach the tumor.
A typhoon-induced event altered the frequency and location of earthquakes in Taiwan by changing crustal stress levels. This study suggests that surface processes can trigger seismicity, highlighting a new connection between tectonics and external factors in earthquake hazard assessment.
A surge in domestic child abuse was reported by a specialist UK children's hospital during the coronavirus pandemic, with a 1493% increase in head injuries in one month. The hospital saw 10 cases of suspected abusive head trauma among infants, highlighting the complex interplay between abuse, mental health, and socioeconomic factors.
Researchers proposed an algorithm to create patient-specific models describing electrical excitation of human heart cells. The model uses gene expression profiles to predict action potential in other patients. This could lead to personalized treatment and drug design for heart conditions.
Researchers at UC San Diego develop new method to accurately compare dog age to human age, based on methyl group patterns in genomes. The formula provides a 'molecular clock' that can help evaluate anti-aging products and understand aging processes in dogs.
A new technique developed by University of Exeter scientists allows users to predict which antibiotics are effective against bacteria in minutes. The method works by examining fluorescent qualities of antibiotics taken up by bacteria, revealing that the antibiotic has infiltrated the membrane and could be effective.
Researchers observed that C. jejuni swims faster in viscous liquids due to its flagella, which wrap around the helical body to propel itself forward. This finding could lead to new strategies for preventing C. jejuni infections by targeting its movement mechanisms.
Researchers found that mothers engage in various protective behaviors to shield their children from domestic abuse, such as controlling the home environment and 'keeping the peace.' A strengths-based approach is essential for practitioners to recognize and support these efforts, rather than perpetuating negative stereotypes of motherhood.
A small variation in the novel coronavirus has made it fitter, resulting in a higher viral load, but does not make it more deadly. The G version of the virus dominates cases worldwide, suggesting it may be more transmissible.
Researchers discovered unicellular green algae with enzymes that can convert commercially viable substances without generating co-substrate, using photosynthesis. This breakthrough has the potential to create a greener industry by producing substances at mild temperatures and in water.
A collaboration between University of Toronto and National Jewish Health has yielded a new drug discovery that could combat inflammation and acute respiratory illnesses like COVID-19. The 'drug' is a combination of two naturally occurring peptides, TAT CARMIL1, which reduces collagen degradation by up to 43%.
The GEOMAR research group has successfully discovered a marine alga from the Kiel Fjord that inhibits pathogenic bacteria and kills melanoma-type skin cancer cells with low cytotoxicity. The researchers used bioinformatics methods and machine learning tools to accelerate the discovery process, reducing it from 3-4 years to months.
Fish are highly sensitive to heat during mating and embryonic stages due to temperature-dependent cardiovascular strain. Climate change may force up to 60% of all fish species to abandon traditional spawning areas.
Researchers identified a new function for histones, enabling the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another, converting copper into a usable form for cells. This discovery refutes earlier theories and suggests histones played a crucial role in the evolution of eukaryotes, including humans, around 2 billion years ago.
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity for the oncology community to reassess and eliminate low-value practices. By discouraging unnecessary in-person visits, testing, and treatments, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and optimize resource allocation.
Research suggests that antioxidant treatment after acute ischemic stroke could delay the onset of Alzheimer's dementia by reducing oxidative stress and promoting mitochondrial function. Studies have shown promising results with molecules like edaravone and nerinetide, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
A new study found that listeners' musical preferences are driven by the similarity between their personality and that of famous musicians. The 'self-congruity effect of music' suggests that people prefer music from artists with similar public personas, which can evoke feelings of pride and belonging.
A new COVID-19 strain with the D614G mutation has become the globally dominant form, according to a recent study published in Cell. The variant is more infectious in cell cultures under laboratory conditions, leading to higher viral loads in patients with Covid-19.
Researchers at Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology create a composite of cellulose nanofibers and silver nanowires, achieving impressive shielding effectiveness. The resulting aerogel is incredibly light, flexible, and durable, with high shielding capabilities against electromagnetic radiation.
A study using electronic health records found that AI can predict who is at higher risk of pancreatic cancer up to 20 months before diagnosis. The model could help narrow down the number of people needed to be screened, potentially reducing false positives and improving survival rates.
Researchers have developed a novel fluorinated gas membrane material that exceeds the Robeson upper limit, surpassing current bottlenecks in selectivity and permeability. This breakthrough enhances carbon-capture performance in real environments, offering a promising solution for reducing industrial carbon emissions.
A study by UNSW researchers found that tropical plants are more at risk from climate change than previously thought, with over 20% predicted to face temperatures above their upper limit. This is because they are near their maximum seed germination temperatures, and even small temperature increases could push them over the edge.
A new study reveals that fish spawning and embryos are more susceptible to temperature changes than other life stages, with up to 60% of species at risk within a century. The findings highlight the critical importance of considering thermal bottlenecks across an organism's lifecycle in climate risk assessments.
Researchers applied zinc foliar application to hard red spring wheat cultivars, increasing grain zinc concentration above the target level of 40 mg kg-1. The second application at flowering stage was necessary for this achievement, and price incentives are needed to motivate farmers to adopt biofortification.
Researchers discovered that uromodulin forms long filaments that envelop pathogens, neutralizing them and preventing infection. The findings offer pointers for developing new treatments and drugs to prevent urinary tract infections without antibiotics.
A new global study found that an unconscious stereotype links men to brilliance, hindering women's career advancement in prestigious fields. The research used the Implicit Association Test to measure implicit biases, revealing a strong association between brilliance and masculinity.
A new pilot study found that three military veterans with PTSD experienced marked improvements in symptoms after inhaling a single dose of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen. The effects, however, were not consistent across all patients, and further research is needed to determine the treatment's efficacy and optimal dosage.
The study highlights social media's benefits in Radiology, including educational content dissemination, professional networking, and collaboration. However, it also warns of challenges, such as maintaining patient privacy and avoiding e-professionalism.
University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers developed a new technique to measure temperature beneath the surface of certain materials, called depth thermography. This method uses thermal radiation emitted by objects and sophisticated algorithms to infer temperature not just on the surface but also underneath.
Brooke Emerling receives a four-year grant to study targeting tumors with p53 gene mutations, which are present in most human cancers. Her research aims to develop new approaches to eliminating cancer as a major health problem.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have made significant breakthroughs in enhancing the catalytic water dissociation reaction in electrochemical reactors, enabling the production of hydrogen gas and other valuable chemicals. The discovery provides a roadmap for developing bipolar membrane electrolyzers that can generate protons an...
Taiwan's universities share their experience in safely reopening colleges and universities, highlighting effective public health strategies. Immigrant physicians in the US face unique challenges due to visa status, affecting their families' health and safety.
Researchers at the Complexity Science Hub Vienna developed a traffic light system to show global coronavirus infection trends. The tool helps users assess safe travel destinations by analyzing confirmed cases per 10,000 inhabitants, providing insights into the risks of traveling to countries with varying levels of infection.
New research reveals that Arctic shrub communities can release stored carbon from soils, offsetting potential carbon sequestration. This could lead to a net source of CO2 in the atmosphere if not addressed.
A new study investigates the impact of plastic nanoparticles on human development, finding links to eye development, cardiac malformations, and ischemia. The research highlights the need for urgent action to create regulatory measures to lessen NPs' impact on human health.
A mouse study found that consuming black raspberries can reduce swelling caused by contact hypersensitivity, a condition that triggers redness and inflammation in the skin. The researchers believe that black raspberries modulate dendritic cells, which help regulate the immune system's response to allergens.
The nTIDE June 2020 Jobs Report reveals a modest improvement in employment-to-population ratios for working-age individuals with and without disabilities. Despite this positive trend, the ongoing pandemic poses concerns that longer closures could lead to permanent job loss and exit from the labor force.
Perovskite solar cells, discovered almost 200 years ago, hold potential to undercut fossil fuels with lower manufacturing costs and improved efficiency. The discovery has sparked a new wave of research into improving the stability and commercial viability of these materials.
A specific change in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus virus genome, D614G, makes a small but effective change in the virus's 'Spike' protein, increasing its infectivity in cell culture. The variant has become the prevalent form globally, with tracking data showing its emergence in every geographic level.
A new study suggests that misfolded protein build-up in the gut may contribute to Alzheimer's-like symptoms in mice, potentially leading to a new treatment approach targeting the gut. The researchers found that beta amyloid proteins injected into the gut traveled to the nervous system and brain, causing cognitive impairments.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers found a flexible material made of tiny carbon nanotubes that can heat or cool the wearer on demand. The material has a combination of thermal, electrical, and physical properties that make it an appealing candidate for next-generation smart fabrics.
A recent observational study found that COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of ischemic stroke than those with influenza. The study, published in JAMA Neurology, analyzed data from two New York hospitals and revealed significant differences between the two groups.
Repeated blood tests measuring liver damage biomarker FIB-4 identify people at high risk of severe liver disease. The study found that increased FIB-4 scores between testing occasions can predict future liver cirrhosis, with almost half of affected individuals identifiable.
A recent report of two children's deaths in a gene therapy trial for X-linked myotubular myopathy has sparked concerns over the safety of gene therapy vectors. The editorial emphasizes the need for iterative development and cooperation among scientists to ensure safe and effective treatments for rare genetic diseases.